Salmonella is a bacterial infection that causes gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, and several other infections. This common bacterial infection makes it difficult for our body to absorb water, leading to abdominal cramps. Moreover, water tends to exit from the body as diarrhoea. According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Salmonella causes 1.35 million infections, 26,500 cases of hospitalisations, and 420 deaths annually in the US. Let’s delve deeper and understand what is Salmonella, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more.

What is Salmonella?

Salmonella is a bacterial infection that affects the intestines. Humans come into contact with this virus after consuming contaminated water and food. Both animals and humans can get infected, resulting in upset stomachs, diarrhoea, fever, pain, and cramps. Individuals with mild symptoms can recover at home without specific treatment within 4-7 days. Plenty of fluids should be taken to prevent dehydration. To reduce the risk of infection, you should practice safe food handling habits, such as washing your hands after petting animals and touching sundry objects. 

Symptoms of Salmonella

Now that we know the meaning of Salmonella, let us understand its symptoms.

The infection is mainly caused by consuming raw foods, undercooked meat and poultry, and eggs and drinking unpasteurised milk. The symptoms tend to show in 6 hours to 6 days after getting infected and can last 4-7 days, as per the CDC. 

The symptoms include:

• Diarrhoea
• Stomach cramps 
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting 
• Cold and chills
• Headache
• Sudden fever
• Bloody stool

In most cases, the symptoms go away on their own in a few days. However, bowel movements could take a few months to normalise.

Causes of Salmonella

• Infections stem from the presence of Salmonella bacteria in the intestines of various animals, including birds and humans. Salmonella commonly results from the consumption of contaminated food or water.
• You can also get infected by consuming uncooked meat, seafood, and poultry. These items can get contaminated during processing, especially when harvested from water teeming with Salmonella. 

• Another cause of infection is if a person handles raw meat/food and then touches other foods without properly washing his/her hands.  

• One major cause of infection is from eggs laid by an infected bird. According to FDA estimates, around 79,000 cases of Salmonella infections are linked to food-borne illnesses in the United States alone. You can reduce the chances of infection by cooking food properly. Moreover, food items such as mayonnaise and hollandaise sauce contain raw eggs, which should be avoided. 

• Fruits and vegetables can also become contaminated when sprayed with unclean water, spreading Salmonella.

• Unpasteurised dairy products such as milk and milk products can get contaminated. Consuming pasteurised products is safe because the process kills the Salmonella bacteria.

• Another major cause of Salmonella infection is unclean hands. Hygiene is essential to keeping the infection at bay. You should keep the kitchen top and counters clean and wash your hands properly after using the toilet and changing diapers. Salmonella can spread quickly through bacteria present in the hands.

• Salmonella can spread through animal droppings. The bacteria can then transfer to your skin and anything you come in contact with, including cages, toys, clothes, furniture, and household surfaces. Keeping pet reptiles indoors is discouraged if the household includes children under 5, pregnant women, older individuals, or those with weakened immune systems.

• Acknowledging the Salmonella risk, the FDA prohibited selling and distributing small turtles in 1975.

Diagnosis of Salmonella

Diagnosis includes blood tests or analysing a stool sample, as well as other samples. Your doctor will confirm the symptoms and other health issues you could be affected by. They will also enquire about any food or diet changes you might have incorporated. The diagnosis will also include your recent travel history and contact with animals, including pets. 

Treatment of Salmonella

Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis can resolve within 4 to 7 days without any medical supervision. Even so, treatment is administered after assessing the severity of the symptoms. Treatment includes hydration therapies in case of persistent diarrhoea and vomiting. Rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte can help replenish lost electrolytes.

Your healthcare provider may prescribe antimotility drugs such as Loperamide to alleviate cramps and reduce diarrhoea. However, antibiotics are not always the first line of defence against Salmonella. They are reserved for severe cases or when there’s a risk of the infection spreading to the bloodstream amid concerns about antibiotic resistance that can make future infections harder to treat.

For adults suffering from Salmonella-induced diarrhoea, proper hydration is very much essential. Over-the-counter medications or rehydration solutions may be advised for severe cases. However, these activities should be undertaken with the care and supervision of a trained and certificated medical professional. 

In cases where Salmonella infection is confirmed, prescribed antibiotics should be taken as directed, and you should complete the course as directed by the physician. Among children with strong immune systems, the doctor may, at times, let the infection run its course. Such children are also advised to drink lots of fluids to fight the infection. In exceptional cases involving infants, the elderly, or immunocompromised individuals, antibiotics may be necessary to combat the infection effectively and are prescribed depending on the severity of the infection. 

Risk Factors Associated with Salmonella

The following are the factors that increase the chances of Salmonella infection —

• Close Contact Activities: Engaging in activities that involve close contact with sources of Salmonella, such as handling raw poultry or eggs and not practising proper hygiene afterwards, increases the chances of Salmonella infection.

• Increased Exposure in Developing Countries: Salmonella infection is more prevalent in developing countries, especially those with inadequate sanitation infrastructure. So, when travelling to such regions, you enhance the risk of exposure to the bacteria.

• Animal Contact: Owning, handling, or petting animals, including birds and reptiles, can also expose individuals to the Salmonella bacteria. This is because these animals generally carry such bacteria. Salmonella can also be present in animal enclosures, tanks, cages, and litter boxes.

• Stomach or Bowel Disorders: Medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or medications such as antacids and antibiotics can make us more susceptible to Salmonella.

• Immune System Weakness: Some medical conditions and medications can particularly weaken the immune system. This then increases the risk of Salmonella infection. They include:
• HIV/AIDS
• Malaria
• Sickle Cell Disease
• Anti-Rejection Drugs
• Corticosteroids

How can Salmonella be Prevented?

The following measures can help in preventing Salmonella —

1. Safe Food Practices: Following safe food preparation practices is crucial to avoid Salmonella infection. You must:

• Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after handling raw meat or poultry, while changing diapers, etc.
• Ensure that any raw eggs you consume are pasteurised.
• Properly cook food as per the recommended temperatures. This will help kill the Salmonella bacteria.
• It is also important to refrigerate or freeze perishable food promptly to prevent bacterial growth.

2. Preventing Cross-Contamination:To prevent cross-contamination in your kitchen

• You should store raw meat, poultry, and seafood in separate containers from other food items in the refrigerator.
• Try to maintain two different chopping boards — one for raw meat and the other for fruits and vegetables.
• Never place cooked food on a plate where you had placed raw meat without washing.
• Thoroughly clean the kitchen top and other surfaces using soap and water to eliminate potential Salmonella contamination.

Conclusion

We now know what is Salmonella. You can become infected by coming in touch with infected animals, consuming contaminated food or water, etc. For prevention, food must be stored and cooked properly. The mild symptoms tend to go away on their own in 4-7 days, while medicines are prescribed for severe infection. Drink plenty of fluids to get rid of the infection at the earliest. Having health insurance can ensure access to medical care and treatment if complications arise, providing peace of mind during recovery.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Welcome to an exploration of anaemia – a condition that can cast a shadow on your vitality. We can define anaemia as a challenge that affects oxygen transport to body tissues. An insufficient quantity of healthy red blood cells characterises it. Let's delve into the intricacies of anaemia, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment when to seek medical attention, and ways to prevent its onset.

Anaemia and Its Types                    

Let's learn about anaemia meaning and its type. It is a condition characterised by a deficiency of healthy red blood cells, encompassing a range of types, each with its distinct attributes. Red blood cells are crucial for oxygen transportation, making anaemia a vital concern. The various types of anaemia include those stemming from vitamin B12 deficiency and folate (folic acid) deficiency. Each type presents unique challenges, highlighting the importance of understanding the intricacies of this condition for effective management and treatment.       

Causes of Anaemia               

If you are wondering what causes anaemia, you must know that it arises from a multitude of causes, each impacting the body's ability to produce and maintain healthy red blood cells. These causative factors can range from nutritional deficiencies to underlying medical conditions. Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent causes of anaemia, as it hampers the production of haemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein within red blood cells. Similarly, deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid can impede the formation of red blood cells, contributing to anaemia. Chronic diseases such as ulcerative colitis, cancer, chronic kidney disease, and rheumatoid arthritis can also trigger anaemia due to their effects on blood cell production.

Certain inherited conditions like thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia can lead to anaemia by affecting the structure and function of red blood cells. Problems with bone marrow, including disorders like leukaemia, myelodysplasia, and aplastic anaemia, can also result in anaemia. Factors that induce slow blood loss, such as heavy menstrual periods or stomach ulcers, can gradually deplete the body's iron stores, leading to iron deficiency anaemia. Sudden and significant blood loss, as seen in trauma or surgery, can also cause anaemia due to the rapid reduction in red blood cell count.

Furthermore, chronic inflammation caused by diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease can interfere with red blood cell production, contributing to anaemia of inflammation. Additionally, certain medications and autoimmune disorders can accelerate the destruction of red blood cells, exacerbating anaemia.

Identifying the underlying cause of anaemia is crucial for its effective management and treatment. Understanding these diverse causes can aid in devising appropriate strategies to address and alleviate the condition. Hence, it improves the overall quality of life for individuals affected by anaemia.

Symptoms of Anaemia                     

Anaemia symptoms can vary depending on its severity and the underlying cause. Mild cases of anaemia may not exhibit noticeable symptoms initially. However, as the condition worsens, individuals may experience a broad range of emotional & physical signs that signal the body's reduced capacity to transport oxygen effectively.

Common anaemia symptoms are fatigue and weakness as the body's organs and tissues receive inadequate oxygen supply. People also experience shortness of breath, even during mild physical exertion, which can also be a prominent symptom due to the reduced oxygen available for bodily functions. Paleness of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes is another noticeable sign resulting from decreased haemoglobin levels that impact the colour of these tissues.

Anaemia can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness, particularly when standing up quickly. It occurs due to the body's struggle to maintain blood pressure and oxygen supply. Irregular heartbeats or a rapid heart rate may also manifest as the heart works harder to compensate for the insufficient oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Additionally, anaemia can contribute to headaches, difficulties concentrating, and irritability.

Diagnosis of Anaemia                      

Diagnosing anaemia involves a medical history review, physical exam, and lab tests. The primary diagnostic tool is a complete blood count (CBC), which measures red blood cells, haemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. Additional blood tests can assess iron, vitamin B12, and folate levels. A bone marrow biopsy or imaging studies may be needed in some cases. Prompt diagnosis helps healthcare providers identify the cause and severity of anaemia, enabling them to create an effective treatment plan and address underlying health concerns.

Treatment of Anaemia                    

Treating anaemia involves tackling the root cause and improving the production of red blood cells. The approach depends on the type and severity of anaemia. Here's how doctors usually handle it.

So, for iron deficiency anaemia, doctors often recommend iron supplements. These little guys help pump up your iron levels and boost your haemoglobin.

Doctors might suggest supplements if your anaemia is due to a shortage of vitamins like B12, folate, or other nutrients. They are your body's superhero sidekicks, restoring those levels and supporting your red blood cells.

Doctors might take some meds to get your bone marrow into red blood cell production mode in certain cases. Erythropoietin is like a cheerleader for your bone marrow, urging it to make more red blood cells.

A blood transfusion might be on the cards when things get serious, like severe anaemia or sudden blood loss. This rapid influx of new blood cells can boost your energy.

When to Contact the Doctor Immediately?                       

If you feel something's off and suspect anaemia might be at play, contact your doctor for immediate attention. Remember, feeling overwhelmingly tired, breathless with minor tasks, etc., are common signs of anaemia.

Prevention Against Anaemia                      

Preventing anaemia is primarily centred around adopting a well-rounded and nutrient-rich diet. You must incorporate iron-rich foods, such as lean meats, poultry, beans, lentils, and leafy greens, which can help ensure adequate iron intake. Including sources of vitamin B12, like fish, dairy products, and fortified cereals, is equally important. Additionally, integrating foods rich in folic acid, such as citrus fruits, whole grains, and dark leafy vegetables, prevents specific types of anaemia. Vitamin C-rich foods, like oranges and tomatoes, enhance iron absorption. Regular medical check-ups and blood tests are essential as they can help identify deficiencies early on, allowing for timely intervention. If you have underlying health conditions that put you at risk for anaemia, consulting a healthcare professional for personalised guidance is recommended. Taking proactive measures through a balanced diet and maintaining overall health is crucial for preventing anaemia and promoting overall well-being.

Conclusion                

Now you have an understanding of what is anaemia. It is a condition that demands attention due to its impact on energy levels and overall health. Individuals can maintain vitality and lead a fulfilling life by recognizing its signs, seeking timely medical intervention, and adopting preventive measures. Having health insurance can help cover the costs of timely diagnosis and treatment, ensuring better management of anaemia and overall health.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Have you recently visited a doctor and been advised to check your vitamin B12 levels after experiencing tiredness or muscle pain? Vitamin B12 is a vital nutrient that keeps the body active and agile. While the body needs it, it cannot produce it on its own.

Animal-based foods like meat, fish, and dairy are rich in vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is also found in certain fortified foods and is available as supplements or injections for those needing an extra boost.

The recommended intake for most adults is 2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily, with higher amounts advised for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.

Vitamin B12 supports red blood cell formation, strengthens the nervous system, and benefits the skin and hair. As per the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vitamin B12 offers many health benefits. Alongside regular check-ups to monitor your health, consider health insurance that covers necessary treatments.

Benefits

The following are some key benefits of Vitamin B12:

1. Promotes the Production of Red Blood Cells

Anaemia is a silent killer for many women and men. While most people think it's just due to low iron in the blood, a lack of vitamin B12 can also cause this illness.

A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to megaloblastic anaemia, which causes fatigue and weakness. Research has confirmed that consistent B12 intake improves red blood cell health and oxygen transport.

2. Boosts Energy Levels

Do you often feel fatigued? Vitamin B12 is vital for energy metabolism, helping convert food into energy. Supplementation in deficient individuals significantly improves energy levels and reduces chronic fatigue.

Vitamin B12 also benefits the body by regulating melatonin production, the hormone responsible for sleep cycles. Maintaining optimal B12 levels can improve sleep quality and combat insomnia. With better sleep quality, the body regenerates faster, thereby keeping energy levels up.

3. Promotes Brain Health and Reduces Cognitive Decline

There is a strong link between vitamin B12 and brain health. A neurology study revealed that low B12 levels increase the risk of memory loss and cognitive decline. Data shows that B12 supplementation slows cognitive deterioration in older adults.

B12 not only helps with memory loss in adults but also supports fetal brain development. When taken in recommended amounts, it prevents neural tube defects and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy.

4. Supports Heart Health

A study shows that vitamin B12 benefits the heart by lowering homocysteine levels, a risk factor for heart disease. Research in The American Journal of Cardiology found that lowering homocysteine can reduce the chances of heart attacks and strokes.

B12 supports heart rhythm regulation, potentially reducing the risk of arrhythmias in people with heart conditions.

5. Enhances Nervous System Function

Vitamin B12 is a critical nutrient in the formation of the myelin sheath, which maintains the health of the nerves. Research has found that B12 deficiency can lead to nerve damage and neuropathy.

Some studies also suggest that an optimum amount of B12 in the system may reduce nerve-related pain caused by conditions like sciatica.

6. Improves Mood and Reduces Depression Symptoms

According to specialists, low vitamin B12 levels are linked to depression. B12 supports serotonin production, a mood-regulating neurotransmitter. Maintaining healthy levels of B12 could even keep anxiety, irritability, and mood swings at bay and boost the production of dopamine.

7. Vitamin B12 Benefits Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails

Even your DNA needs B12 for repair and reproduction. This vitamin supports cellular health and reduces the risk of age-related genetic damage.

The Indian Journal of Dermatology highlights B12's role in cell regeneration, promoting healthier skin and hair. A Clinical and Experimental Dermatology study noted that B12 deficiency causes skin disorders, hair thinning, and brittle nails. So, if you want to keep those nails strong and hair glossy, vitamin B12 should be your new best friend.

Research links B12 to a reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Its ability to lower homocysteine levels helps protect the eyes from vision loss.

8. Aids in Bone Health and Prevents Osteoporosis

Research from the National Library of Medicine says that vitamin B12 deficiency correlates with lower bone density and higher osteoporosis risk. Older adults with adequate B12 levels have better bone health and experience fewer fractures during a fall.

When to Worry About Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency can affect anyone, as it depends on the food you eat. However, keeping a tab on this vitamin becomes more critical at specific life stages due to changing nutritional needs. Here’s when to stay alert:

• Infants and Young Children: If a mother is deficient in vitamin B12 during pregnancy, there is a higher chance that the child may suffer from it as well.
• Pregnant Women: You not only need vitamin B12 for brain development, but it is also vital for fetal brain and nerve development.
• Adults Over 50: Absorption of nutrients decreases with age, and people often lose their appetite. Therefore, it is crucial to include vitamin B12 supplements.
• Vegetarians and Vegans: Plant-based diets lack vitamin B12 unless fortified foods or supplements are included.
• People with Medical Conditions: Conditions like Crohn's, celiac, or diabetes can impair B12 absorption. It is important to visit a doctor to determine the cause of the deficiency before attempting any self-medication.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 is a scientifically proven nutrient with profound health benefits. Regular intake of vitamin B12 supports overall well-being and keeps the mind sharp. Stay proactive with your health by ensuring adequate vitamin B12 levels for a healthier, more vibrant life. Pair this with the right health insurance, and you have the best solution for your medical needs. An appropriate policy will provide financial coverage during medical emergencies.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Vitamin B6, also known as Pyridoxine, is critical to the human body. The benefits of vitamin B6 are plenty, including building DNA, regulating the nervous system, preventing anaemia and aiding blood circulation. Pyridoxine is one of the eight crucial B vitamins you must consume in appropriate amounts (too much can be harmful).

Since vitamin B6 is not produced naturally in the body, you must ensure a sufficient intake of this water-soluble nutrient through various natural food sources. Such a diet includes fortified cereals, fish like tuna, poultry, organ meats like liver, oats, nuts, starchy vegetables like potatoes and chickpeas, green leafy sources like spinach, and non-citrus fruits like bananas and papayas, among other items.

Benefits of Vitamin B6

Hare eight health benefits of vitamin B6:

1. Strengthens the immune system

With its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, vitamin B6 strengthens the immune system, safeguarding you from regular infections.

2. Enhances brain health and development

One of the most significant benefits of vitamin B6 is its role in creating neurotransmitters. These carry signals between nerve cells, glands, and muscles, enabling various parts of the body to interact with each other and function better. Vitamins like B6 and B12 can also prevent seizures and the decline of brain function.

3. Improves the mood and tackles depression

Some of the neurotransmitters that vitamin B6 produces include serotonin and dopamine, which effectively enhance mood, foster better sleep and check the mood swings of premenstrual syndrome.

4. Boosts haemoglobin production

Since vitamin B6 helps produce haemoglobin and red blood cells, it is vital in enhancing your blood’s ability to carry oxygen.

5. Improves blood circulation and lowers heart disease risk

Vitamin B6 boosts cardiovascular health and efficient blood circulation. It can regulate the amount of homocysteine in your blood – an amino acid responsible for clotting and even clogging of arteries. Individuals with vitamin B6 deficiency may develop heart disease.

6. Helps fight nausea during pregnancy

One of the underrated advantages of vitamin B6 lies in its ability to prevent or ease nausea as well as morning sickness in pregnant women. It is, therefore, found in many pregnancy supplements and must be consumed as per recommended dosage.

7. Reduces the risk of cancer

Could vitamin B6 also help you prevent or fight against cancer? The answer is yes, thanks to the vitamin’s ability to grow healthy cells. Vitamin B6 also produces amino acids, which repair damaged DNA and reduce oxidative stress linked to cancer.

8. Enables healthy skin

Since vitamin B6 stimulates calming, feel-good hormones like serotonin and melatonin, along with regulating blood sugar levels, these factors, in turn, lead to healthy skin. Acne breakouts, for instance, are a sign of chronic stress, and Pyridoxine protects you from its ill effects. Pyridoxine is also recommended to cure lesions and rashes on the skin.

Conclusion

vitamin B6 plays a transformative role in the body. Its key health benefits cover basic bodily processes, including neurotransmission, haemoglobin production and converting food into energy.

While medical experts recommend measured levels of vitamin B6 intake, sometimes the body does not absorb it. This is owing to weaknesses, including possible underlying autoimmune conditions or lifestyle issues like alcoholism. Apart from such physical limitations, it might even be difficult to keep all our vitamin intake on track, which can result in unexpected illness or hospitalisation in the long run. It's advisable to get regular checkups done and speak to your medical professional regarding nutrient deficiencies. For medical emergencies though, especially those causing financial strain, having a trusted mediclaim policy well in advance is a useful option to fall back on.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Vitamins play a key role in keeping us healthy. Although vitamin K2 is not widely known as other vitamins, it is vital for good health. It strengthens bone and heart health and promotes healthy blood coagulation. This blog covers everything you need to know about vitamin K2, including its benefits and symptoms of a deficiency.

What is Vitamin K2?

Vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin that belongs to the vitamin K family alongside vitamin K1. While K1 is mostly involved in blood clotting and is found in leafy greens, K2 is responsible for other critical functions in the body. By activating proteins that aid in calcium metabolism, it keeps calcium out of soft tissues and arteries and sends it to the bones and teeth.

Forms of Vitamin K2:

• MK-4: Found in animal-based foods and has a short lifespan in the body.
• MK-7, MK-8, MK-9: Found in fermented foods and some supplements. These stay in the body longer, offering extended benefits.

How It Works:

Vitamin K2 activates proteins such as osteocalcin (which strengthens bones) and matrix GLA protein (which protects blood vessels). Without enough K2, these proteins cannot function properly, leading to issues with calcium balance in the body.

Benefits of Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2 is key to good health. Here are some of its most significant benefits:

•     Boosts Bone Health

Vitamin K2 strengthens bones by activating a protein called osteocalcin. This protein helps calcium stick to bones, making them denser and less likely to break. It is especially helpful for older people and those at risk of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones. Taking K2 regularly can help keep bones strong and healthy over time.

•     Supports Heart Health

Because it prevents calcium from accumulating in your arteries, vitamin K2 is excellent for your heart. This stops the arteries from narrowing and hardening, which can result in heart disease. K2 is a crucial component for your heart since it can increase artery flexibility and enhance general heart function.

•     Improves Dental Health

Vitamin K2 helps keep your teeth strong by making sure your body uses calcium properly. It also helps build dentin, the tough layer under your enamel that protects your teeth. By supporting good calcium use, K2 makes teeth less likely to decay or weaken.

• Prevents Osteoporosis

Vitamin K2 works with vitamin D to control calcium in the body, ensuring it goes to the bones where it’s needed. This dynamic teamwork strengthens bones and helps prevent brittle, weak bones, such as those seen in osteoporosis. For people at risk, getting enough K2 and vitamin D can make a big difference.

Signs of Vitamin K2 Deficiency

Vitamin K2 deficiency is more common largely because it is not abundant in our everyday diet. A lack of K2 can lead to serious health issues over time.

Signs of Deficiency:

•     Weak bones or frequent fractures.
•     Tooth decay or dental issues.
• Hardening or stiffening of arteries (atherosclerosis).
•     Increased risk of bleeding or bruising.
•     Poor wound healing.

Who is at Risk?

•   Those with a diet that lacks fermented foods or animal-based products are at a higher risk since these are the main dietary sources of K2.
•   Individuals with digestive disorders such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, or other conditions that impair nutrient absorption are also vulnerable. These conditions can make it difficult for the body to absorb fat-soluble vitamins like K2.
•   Additionally, people taking long-term antibiotics or medications that interfere with vitamin absorption may struggle to maintain adequate levels of K2. This is because such treatments can disrupt the gut microbiome, which plays a role in producing small amounts of K2.

Sources of Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2 is not as widely available in foods as K1, but it can be found in certain animal products and fermented foods. Here are its best sources:

Food Sources:

1. Fermented Foods:                 

•     Natto (fermented soybeans) – richest source of K2.
•     Sauerkraut and kimchi (in smaller amounts).

2. Animal-Based Foods:

•     Liver and organ meats.
•     Egg yolks.
• Cheese, especially hard and aged varieties like Gouda and Swiss.

3. Other Sources:

•     Fatty fish like salmon or mackerel.
•     Butter and cream from grass-fed cows.

Supplements:

For those who don’t get enough from their diet, vitamin K2 supplements are an option. These are often combined with vitamin D for improved absorption and effectiveness. Look for MK-7 or MK-4 forms for best results.

Conclusion

Vitamin K2 might not get the spotlight it deserves, but it is crucial for maintaining strong bones and a healthy heart. It works hand-in-hand with calcium and vitamin D to keep help body functioning properly. By including more K2 in your diet through foods like fermented products, organ meats, and supplements, you’re providing the right tools for your body to thrive.

But along with a proper diet, good health insurance plans can support regular check-ups and treatments. It is one more way to safeguard your overall well-being and live a stress-free life.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in maintaining nerve health, red blood cell production and DNA synthesis. Unlike some vitamins, the body cannot produce vitamin B12, so it must be obtained through diet or supplements. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to health problems, including fatigue, neurological issues and anaemia. Therefore, incorporating vitamin B12-rich foods in your diet is crucial for maintaining overall health. 

This blog explores 12 rich sources of vitamin B12 to ensure your diet supports your body’s needs.

List of Vitamin B12 Rich Foods

Vitamin B12 is your body’s powerhouse for energy and nerve function. This list highlights the top B12-rich foods to help you meet your daily requirements, catering to both vegetarians and non-vegetarians:

1. Liver and Organ Meats

Organ meats, especially goat and lamb liver, are among the richest sources of vitamin B12. Just 100 grams of goat liver contains over 70 micrograms of vitamin B12, far exceeding the recommended daily intake. Organ meats are also packed with iron, folate, and vitamin A. 

2. Clams

Clams are another excellent source of vitamin B12. A 100-gram serving of cooked clams can provide up to 99 micrograms of this vital nutrient. Clams are also rich in other essential minerals like iron, potassium, and selenium. 

3. Fish (Salmon and Tuna)

Fatty fish such as salmon and tuna are excellent sources of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids. A 100-gram serving of cooked salmon contains around 4.8 micrograms of vitamin B12, while tuna offers approximately 10 micrograms per serving.

4. Eggs

Eggs are a convenient source of vitamin B12. One large egg contains about 0.6 micrograms of vitamin B12, with most of it concentrated in the yolk. Eggs also provide high-quality protein along with vitamin D and essential antioxidants.

5. Dairy Products

Milk, cheese, and yoghurt are excellent sources of vitamin B12. One cup of milk contains about 1.2 micrograms of vitamin B12, while a serving of Swiss cheese can provide up to 0.9 micrograms. Yoghurt, particularly fortified varieties, is another easy option.

6. Fortified Cereals

Fortified cereals are a reliable source of vitamin B12 for vegetarians and vegans. These cereals are specifically enriched with vitamins and minerals, including B12. A single serving can provide up to 6 micrograms of vitamin B12, depending on the brand and formulation.

Fortified cereals are an excellent breakfast option, especially for those who avoid animal products. Pairing them with fortified plant-based milk can further enhance their nutritional value.

7. Fortified Plant-Based Milks

Plant-based milks such as soy, almond, and oat milk are often fortified with vitamin B12. These products cater to vegans or individuals who are lactose-intolerant. 

A single cup of fortified soy milk can provide around 2.5 micrograms of vitamin B12.

8. Shellfish (Crab and Lobster)

Shellfish like crab and lobster are rich in vitamin B12. A 100-gram serving of cooked crab contains approximately 9 micrograms of vitamin B12. Lobster offers similar nutritional benefits. 

In addition to vitamin B12, these seafood options are high in protein and low in fat, which makes them an excellent choice for a nutrient-dense diet.

9. Poultry

Chicken and turkey are moderate sources of vitamin B12. A 100-gram serving of roasted chicken breast contains about 0.3 micrograms of vitamin B12, while turkey offers slightly higher levels. Lean protein options are also rich in other vitamins and minerals like niacin, selenium and zinc.

10. Nutritional Yeast

Nutritional yeast is popular among vegans and vegetarians due to its vitamin B12 content. This product is often fortified with B12, which provides around 2.4 micrograms per tablespoon.

11. Trout

Next on the list is trout, which is a freshwater fish quite rich in vitamin B12. A 100-gram serving of cooked trout provides about 7.5 micrograms of this essential nutrient. 

In addition to vitamin B12, trout is an excellent source of protein, niacin, and omega-3 fatty acids, supporting heart and brain health.

12. Paneer

Paneer, a popular dairy product, is another good source of vitamin B12. It is made from milk, which contains approximately 0.85 micrograms of vitamin B12 per 100 grams. It is a great source of protein and calcium, making it a popular item in vegetarian diets. 

Conclusion

Ensuring an adequate intake of vitamin B12 is important for maintaining energy, supporting nerve function, and promoting overall health. By incorporating these foods into your diet, you can effectively meet your daily vitamin B12 requirements.

However, maintaining good health also involves planning for unexpected medical needs. Investing in a comprehensive health insurance plan can provide financial protection and assistance in times of need. Moreover, it ensures access to quality healthcare, which will allow you to focus on leading a healthy and fulfilling life. Take a proactive step today by exploring health insurance options tailored to your needs.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Vitamin P is not a vitamin but refers to a group of plant compounds better known as ‘flavonoids’ or ‘bioflavonoids’. These are vital nutrients for our bodies, helping prevent diabetes, heart disease, and more.

Vitamin P is found in fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. In fact, flavonoids protect plants from UV rays, infection, and environmental stresses, helping them grow and attract insects for pollination.

So, what are the various types of Vitamin P and how do they benefit us? Let’s find out.

Types of Vitamin P

Vitamin P encompasses a vast variety - over 6,000 known types of flavonoids. The first ever study establishing the existence of Vitamin P was done in 1930 when scientists extracted a plant compound from oranges and mistook it as a vitamin.

Some of the main types of flavonoids include:

1. Flavonols: Probably the most prevalent flavonoids, these are present in the roughage-rich foods you consume frequently. They have antioxidant properties, promoting heart health and offering protection against oxidative stress and inflammation.
2. Flavones: Next up are flavones like Apigenin and Luteolin. Flavones are your body's equivalent to coolants. They calm inflammation, protect against infections, even cancer, and improve cognitive function.
3. Flavan-3-ols (Catechins): These make for a good excuse to break open a block of dark chocolate. If you enjoy a good cup of tea or fruit salad bowl full of apples and pears, you’ll acquire a good amount of flavan-3-ols, which stimulate metabolism and maintain a healthy heart. 
4. Flavanones: These are your body's detox team. Citrus fruits are a great source of flavanones, which help cleanse toxins, decrease inflammation, and boost your metabolic rate. Thus, they are an excellent addition to the diet plan.
5. Anthocyanins: These flavonoids give fruits like blueberries and cherries their intense red, pink and blue hues. Anthocyanins promote good heart health, build muscle tissue mass, encourage healthy blood flow, and protect against chronic disease while adding their little sparkle to your diet.
6. Isoflavones: For women experiencing menopause, osteoporosis, or hormone dysregulation, these compounds gently and naturally soothe the pain. Soy products are loaded with isoflavones.
7. Chalcones: Chalcones are less known than other flavonoids but are equally vital. They protect from allergies, suppress inflammation, combat pathogenic microbes and maintain well-being at finer, cellular levels.

Food Sources Rich in Vitamin P

Since flavonoids are plant-based, many fruits and leafy greens are excellent sources of Vitamin P, as are wine, tea, and dark chocolate. You must consciously choose foods rich in Vitamin P because the human body cannot produce flavonoids by itself. Here are some sources to consider:

• For flavonols, go for grapes, peaches, broccoli, kale, lettuce and onions.
• Flavones are concentrated in the peels of citrus oranges, lemons, etc., as much as green leafy herbs like mint, celery and chamomile. The parsley, fenugreek and peppermint you reach out for to garnish your recipes have flavones, too.
• Green tea, cocoa, black tea, apples, and strawberries contain high degrees of catechins or flavan-3-ols.
• Beyond their tangy goodness, many citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits) have high amounts of flavanones.
• Cherries, blackberries, raspberries, blueberries, red cabbage and red grapes all contain anthocyanins.
• Tofu and legumes like soybeans are rich in isoflavones as well as chalcones.
• As for chalcones, they are contained in staples like tomatoes and potatoes, several fruits, wheat, and hops used in beer.

The Benefits of Vitamin P

Vitamin P or flavonoids are responsible for protecting plants from environmental damage, the harsh sun, infection, etc., and lend them their beautiful colour. But what about the benefits of Vitamin P for humans? Here are four among many:

1. Promoting cardiovascular health

Flavonoids can positively impact heart health and reduce the risk of heart disease by promoting proper blood circulation throughout the body. Types of flavonoids like flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones, flavanones, and flavan-3-ols play a major role here.

2. Protection from diabetes

Flavonoids can aid our health by keeping cholesterol in check and improving insulin resistance.

3. Enhanced brain health

The cognitive benefits of flavonoids are also well-known. Flavonoids found in cocoa, for example, can aid brain function by improving the neural pathways that play an important role in attention and memory.

4. Immunity and anti-inflammation

Vitamin P contains antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. This helps slow down cell damage, strengthen the immune system, treat infections, prevent allergies, and contribute to glowing, healthy skin. Consumption of Vitamin P is also linked to the prevention of cancer.

Conclusion

There is no denying the fact that Vitamin P – flavonoids – is power-packed with antioxidant benefits promoting overall health. However, the capacity of the human body to metabolise the plant compound remains limited, which, in turn, reduces the ultimate impact of flavonoids.

Though maintaining a diverse diet of colourful fruits and vegetables allows you to access these incredible plant compounds and make the most of them, you must note that enjoying good health is not just about boosting your diet with the fanciest vitamins and nutrients. It’s good to prepare a safety net for when you fall ill, such as having the best health insurance, as this allows you to choose the best treatment options without worry.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Coronavirus disease, or COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is highly contagious. The best way to prevent transmission is to be well informed about the symptoms of Covid and how the virus spreads. The virus spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 is fatal as it attacks the respiratory system.

What are the Symptoms of Covid-19?

It is important to know about the symptoms to save ourselves from the virus. People can experience different symptoms. These usually begin 5-6 days after exposure to the virus and last 1-14 days. Here is the list of COVID symptoms:

The common symptoms:

• Fever
• Chills
• Sore throat

Less common symptoms:

• Muscle aches and heavy arms or legs
• Severe fatigue and tiredness
• Runny or blocked nose, sneezing
• Headache
• Sore eyes
• Dizziness
• New and persistent Cough
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Hoarse voice
• Numbness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Appetite loss
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Loss or change in the sense of taste or smell

Symptoms that need immediate medical attention

• Difficulty breathing at rest
• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Persistent chest pain
• Skin is cold and turning into a pale and bluish colour
• Loss of speech and movement

People with pre-existing health problems should seek medical help as early as possible, after contracting COVID-19.

Conclusion

The disease still looming around, we all have to be extremely careful and aware of coronavirus symptoms. We should take care of the indications mentioned above and seek medical attention as soon as possible.

To make the treatment go smoothly and keep it affordable, opting for health insurance is a wise step. Your policy can support you greatly in time of need. It's better to stay up to date about the insurance as well as health guidelines provided by the local health authority.

An anti thyroid peroxidase high level suggests that the immune system has begun attacking the body. This usually occurs during the onset of autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s Disease.

High Level of Thyroid Antibodies

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies form when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland as a foreign invader. The resulting underactive thyroid gland has high anti-thyroid antibodies. An underactive thyroid makes one feel tired all the time while piling up weight without explanation even as the patient experiences more-than-usual coldness. Make sure you keep monitoring what affects your health permanently. You should know that purchasing health insurance provides the advantage of having quick and unfettered access to quality treatment.

What Causes High Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies?

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, infections, and stress are some factors that can cause high antithyroid antibodies. Often, people with autoimmune thyroid disease have high levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. This is also usually noticed in pregnancy and when there is a family history of thyroid-related problems. It is, therefore, essential to control the condition ways such as stress management and maintaining good health practices, together with regular medical intake.

Conclusion

To handle high antithyroid antibodies, it is crucial to monitor the condition regularly and also purchase a good health insurance plan. It is, therefore, essential to avoid risk-taking, especially when it comes to health situations that may prove life-threatening.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Azotemia is a medical condition wherein there is too much accumulation of nitrogen and wastes in the blood because of poor kidney functioning. Its symptoms can be identified to manage the condition properly.

What are the Symptoms of Azotemia?

The symptoms of azotemia may vary, though it commonly involves:

•  Fatigue and weakness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Swelling in the legs or ankles
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating

These are the typical symptoms of azotemia, indicating that the waste products are not being filtered effectively by the kidneys. Other possible signs and symptoms of azotemia are reduced urine or dark-coloured urine. In case any of these signs of azotemia become visible, you must consult with a medical expert immediately. You must also be aware of the areas your health insurance policy covers in case of procedures for necessary tests and treatments.

Conclusion

Knowing azotemia signs and symptoms is important to be aware of its onset for early intervention. Consult a health expert when symptoms begin to appear, and check your health insurance policy to find out whether it covers the care and management costs for your treatment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Azotemia is a medical condition defined by the high amounts of accumulation of nitrogen and other waste products in the blood because of poor filtration by the kidneys. Determining the underlying causes of azotemia will help support the effectiveness of the treatment process.

What Causes Azotemia?

Azotemia causes have been mainly categorised into three types, such as pre-renal, renal, and post-renal. The causes of pre-renal azotemia may include any conditions impeding blood flow to the kidneys, with the symptoms being extreme dehydration or heart failure. Causes of renal azotemia may include diseases related to direct injury of the renal tissues, some of them being glomerulonephritis and acute tubular necrosis.

Post-renal azotemia causes may include obstructions in the urinary passage by kidney stones or an enlarged prostate. By understanding these various causes of azotemia, the right course of action towards its management can be made. At the same time, you can review your health insurance policy regarding coverage of diagnoses and available treatments.

Conclusion

Importantly, a management plan involves the proper identification of the causes of azotemia. Seek a professional’s diagnosis, and make sure to check with your health insurance policy to ascertain if you have the coverage needed for treating azotemia.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Psychotherapy, which is sometimes referred to as counselling or therapy, is a very successful mental and emotional health treatment procedure. It shows promise in addressing mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The importance of psychotherapy has increased in modern times along with the growing awareness of mental health issues. Here are some of the major uses of psychotherapy.

What are the Advantages of Psychotherapy?

Self-awareness and understanding of emotions

Psychotherapy's major advantage is that it enables a person to accurately identify and communicate their feelings. A person develops self-awareness in therapy to gain a deeper understanding of their thoughts and emotions. They may also learn how to recognise and address the origins of their mental tension through this treatment.

Positive changes in life

An individual can improve their overall quality of life by implementing positive changes through psychotherapy. Along with providing mental health solutions, the treatment also fosters empowerment and self-sufficiency. In addition, psychotherapy may be considerably more affordable if a person’s health insurance policy covers this form of treatment.

Dealing with the challenges of daily life

The second major advantage is that psychotherapy helps patients get ready to face life's obstacles. It's difficult to maintain mental wellness in the fast-paced world of today. Psychotherapy offers a private and secure setting wherein an individual can talk openly about their issues and come up with helpful solutions.

Conclusion

Psychotherapy is a vital tool for maintaining a robust and well-balanced mental health. This form of treatment not only resolves psychological issues but also helps to transform a person's life on a constructive path. It is advisable to take psychotherapy advantages if you are experiencing mental stress or any other mental health issues.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Azotemia is a condition characterised by an increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood. The condition requires effective management to avoid further damage to the kidneys and to improve the quality of life.

What are the Treatments of Azotemia?

The treatment of azotemia depends on the cause of the disease. The most common methods include medication adjustments to control blood pressure and diabetes, the administration of diuretics to reduce fluid accumulation, and dietary changes to lower protein consumption. In extreme conditions, dialysis may be required.

Efficient azotemia treatment also comprises regular monitoring and managing the predisposing factors with care. Though there is no specific azotemia cure, symptomatically highly effective therapies and lifestyle modifications can be employed. Furthermore, it will be wise to check your health insurance policy, as it may cover many facets of azotemia treatment.

Conclusion

Successful azotemia treatment can work miracles for restoring health. Consult with your physician for personal advice and check with your health insurance policy so that it can provide coverage for many treatments.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Blueberries are a powerful resource for brain health improvement. Rich in nutrients and antioxidants, they are believed to have many cognitive benefits. Lets delve into the advantages that blueberries offer when it comes to improving brain health.

Blueberries Benefits for the Brain

Antioxidants in blueberries boost the functioning of the brain and improve the overall health of the immune system. These fruits also contain plenty of fibre, vitamin C, vitamin K, manganese, and other essential nutrients. A cup of blueberries provides 84 calories, 21.5 grams of carbohydrates, and 85% water.

The benefits of blueberries for the brain are numerous. Despite their small size, these fruits are rich in anthocyanins (i.e., a class of flavonoids). Anthocyanins prevent inflammation due to neurotoxins and protect glial cells, neurons, and hippocampal nerve cells. As blueberries are an excellent source of anthocyanins, including these fruits in ones daily diet improves long- and short-term memory, a persons verbal fluency, and speed of responding to a situation.

Here, we will look closely at some of the health benefits this fruit offers.

• Promotes brain cell functioning

The healthy functioning of the brain cells can be assisted by the regular dietary intake of blueberries. Blueberries suppress the effects of oxidative stress and slow down the brains ageing process. The brain’s cell signalling improves, which benefits the ageing neurons. A study conducted over 6 years with a sample size of 16,000 aged individuals reveals that the consumption of blueberries and strawberries can delay mental ageing by nearly 2.5 years.

• Improvement of cognitive function

Blueberries offer protection of the brain against the cognitive decline associated with age. Studies prove that the use of blueberries can enhance memory, attention, and overall brain performance.

• Anti-inflammatory properties

Chronic inflammation is frequently related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers, dementia, and Parkinsons disease. The blueberries; anti-inflammatory components could also help protect the brain from inflammation and the potential development of neurodegenerative diseases.

• Promotes growth and reproduction of brain cells

Blueberries are known for improving mental clarity. This flavonoid-rich food strengthens neural connections, which lowers the risk of developing cognitive problems in the long run.

Antioxidant-rich blueberries have a positive effect on the areas in the brain influencing intelligence. This leads to better cognitive function. A study shows that eating blueberries can result in improved cerebral blood flow and enhanced brain activity. Individuals coping with mood disorders, like depression, can consume blueberries as they prevent and alleviate symptoms associated with such mental health conditions. Vitamin C in blueberries provide anxiety relief by positively impacting the brain.

As with any food, one should eat blueberries in moderation. You can talk to a nutritionist and find the right amount you should consume every day.

Conclusion

Consuming blueberries for brain health is a wise investment in overall well-being. These provide essential nutrients, and their protective properties are critical for cognitive function and mental well-being. Likewise,health insurance protects against unexpected medical emergencies and prevents financial setbacks associated with the cost of treatment.Hence, remember to keep your healthcare plan active and stay prepared for medical exigencies.

It only takes a few simple steps to ensure that your kidneys are healthy and functioning well

If there is a history of diabetes, kidney diseases or high blood pressure in your family, taking care of your kidneys is an imperative for you. Millions of people across the globe are affected by kidney diseases every year and some are diagnosed at a stage where a cure is no longer possible.
Whether or not you have a family history of kidney failure, taking certain steps to care for your kidney will ensure that you are healthy as you age. Here are a few things you can do to ensure that your kidneys are functioning properly.

Drink Water More Frequently

Kidneys contain nephrons which filter our blood and removes toxins from it. The more water you drink, the easier it becomes for your kidneys to filter your blood. Drinking water is the easiest and the most inexpensive way to keep your kidneys not only functioning properly but also in top health.

Practice Healthy Eating

Controlled eating not only decreases the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol and other serious health conditions, it also keeps your kidneys healthy. The simple habit of eating healthy can improve you overall health by leaps and bounds.

Make Exercise A Habit

Regular vigorous exercise improves the functioning of all our vital organs, including kidneys. Exercise controls blood pressure issues, obesity, heart conditions and several other factors that indirectly influence your kidney functioning. However, while exercising regularly is a good habit, overexerting yourself is bad for your health, so remember to balance your daily physical activity accordingly.

Quit Smoking

Smoking has been linked with high blood pressure, which in turn is harmful for kidneys. Smoking is also proven to contribute not only to lung cancer, but also kidney cancer. If you are a smoker, quitting immediately would significantly decrease the risks of future health complications.

Liver cancer is an often misunderstood and overlooked type of cancer that can have far-reaching impacts on a person’s health. Several risk factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions, cause this devastating disease. To help further understand what causes liver cancer and how to reduce its likelihood of occurrence in individuals, we will take a look at the various risks associated with liver cancer development in this article. Ultimately, through understanding the key causes of liver cancer and taking charge of our health choices, we can work towards reducing the number of lives affected by this disease each year.

How is Liver Cancer Caused?

So, what are the causes of liver cancer? Liver cancer arises when the DNA of liver cells experiences mutations, leading to a cascade of changes within the body. DNA serves as the blueprint for vital chemical processes, dictating the functioning of every cell. Altered DNA instructions can disrupt the balance, giving rise to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of cancerous masses known as tumours.

Although certain cases of liver cancer can be traced back to chronic hepatitis infections, there are instances where the cause remains elusive. Unravelling the intricate puzzle of this disease is key to understanding its origins in individuals without underlying health conditions.

The following are some of the common risk factors that cause liver cancer.

Factors that increase your risk of liver cancer are:

1. Chronic HBV or HCV infection: Hepatitis B or C viruses can significantly raise your chances of developing liver cancer.
2. Cirrhosis: This irreversible liver condition, characterised by the formation of scar tissue, increases the likelihood of liver cancer.
3. Certain inherited liver diseases: Hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease are examples of liver diseases that can heighten the risk of liver cancer.
4. Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to liver cancer.
5. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The accumulation of fat in the liver can increase the risk of liver cancer.
6. Exposure to aflatoxins: Aflatoxins, poisonous substances produced by certain moulds, can contaminate improperly stored crops like grains and nuts, leading to an increased risk of liver cancer if consumed.
7. Excessive alcohol consumption: Drinking more than a moderate amount of alcohol daily for an extended period can cause irreversible liver damage and raise the risk of liver cancer.

Heart failure, a chronic condition where the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, necessitates a multifaceted treatment approach. This complex condition demands a comprehensive strategy involving lifestyle modifications, medications, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. The blogs provide valuable insights into the diverse heart failure treatment modalities available, offering a nuanced perspective on managing heart failure. The treatment landscape is dynamic, from medications targeting specific symptoms to surgical procedures addressing underlying issues. 

Treatment of Heart Failure

Doctors use the following medications for heart failure treatment, including:

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: It relaxes blood vessels, lowers blood pressure, improves blood flow, and decreases strain on the heart. Examples include enalapril (Vasotec) and lisinopril (Zestril).
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): They provide benefits similar to ACE inhibitors and may be an option for those unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors. Examples include losartan (Cozaar) and valsartan (Diovan).
• Angiotensin receptor plus neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs): It combines two blood pressure drugs, sacubitril-valsartan (Entresto), to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
• Beta-blockers: They slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, reduce heart failure symptoms, and enhance overall heart function. Examples include carvedilol (Coreg) and metoprolol (Lopressor).
• Diuretics: They increase urine production to prevent fluid buildup in the body and decrease fluid in the lungs. Examples include furosemide (Lasix) and spironolactone (Aldactone).
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: Originally for diabetes, these medicines, like canagliflozin (Invokana), show effectiveness in heart failure treatment, reducing hospital stays and mortality risk.
• Digoxin (Lanoxin): It enhances the heart's pumping ability and slows the heartbeat. It's used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and may be prescribed for those with atrial fibrillation.
• Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil): It relaxes blood vessels and may be added to the treatment plan for severe heart failure symptoms.
• Vericiguat (Verquvo): An oral soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator approved for chronic heart failure, reducing hospital stays and heart disease-related deaths.
• Positive inotropes: Administered intravenously in severe heart failure cases to improve the heart's pumping ability and maintain blood pressure.
• Potassium-sparing diuretics: Spironolactone (Aldactone) can preserve potassium levels.

Here are some surgeries that doctors recommend for heart failure treatment, including:

• Coronary bypass surgery: Addresses severely blocked arteries contributing to heart failure.
• Heart valve repair or replacement: Targets damaged heart valves causing heart failure.
• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): Monitors and corrects dangerous heart rhythms to prevent complications.
• Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT): Coordinates lower heart chambers' pumping in people with asynchronous contractions.
• Ventricular assist device (VAD): Supports blood pumping and is often used as a bridge to heart transplant.
• Heart transplant: Reserved for severe cases where surgery and medications are ineffective, replacing the heart with a healthy donor organ.

The meaning of a heat wave is particularly relevant at the start of the summer season when temperatures begin to rise. Heat waves are periods of excessively high temperatures that can be hazardous to health. Recently, the prevalence and intensity of these events have increased, making it crucial to understand their types and preventive measures.

In this blog, we will focus on the heat wave definition, explore the impacts of heat waves, and discuss how to avoid them.

Criteria for Heat Waves by The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

The IMD has certain guidelines that it follows while issuing an alert for a heat wave to the public. These are the criteria that can help identify heat wave occurrence:

• Temperature Threshold: The IMD defines a heatwave when the highest temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius in the plains, 37 degrees Celsius in coastal areas, and 30 degrees Celsius in hilly regions.
• Temperature Deviation: If the maximum temperature rises 5-6 degrees Celsius above the normal rate, it is classified as a moderate heatwave. A severe heat wave is defined as a rise of more than 7 degrees Celsius.
• Duration: The duration of consecutive hot days also plays a critical role. A heat wave that lasts for two days or more can be particularly dangerous.

Impact of Heatwave

Heatwaves can cause discomfort, but they also impact our lives and surroundings in various ways. Here are some key effects:

• Economic impact: In hot climates, workers may experience reduced productivity and additional energy will be required to cool down rooms. Heatwaves also negatively impact crops and properties, which are sources of income, leading to financial losses.
• Environmental effects: Heatwaves are dangerous as they can lead to droughts and fires and adversely affect the lives of animals and plants. They can also accelerate the melting of glaciers and ice caps, thereby contributing to climate change.
• Social impact: It causes inconveniences by impacting learning institutions and preventing events from taking place. Additionally, it has the potential to increase stress and social anxiety within the community.

Health Impacts of Heat Waves

Heatwaves can have severe health impacts. A few are as follows:

• It can cause symptoms such as excessive sweating, weakness, dizziness, and nausea when the body becomes too hot.
• It can lead to a more serious condition if the body's temperature regulation fails. This is potentially fatal and requires immediate medical attention.
• Heat can cause the body to lose more fluids, leading to dehydration, which can damage the kidneys and affect overall health.

It is crucial to stay well-hydrated, avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, and rest in the shade during a heatwave to prevent such conditions. Health insurance can provide financial support for medical care if these preventive measures are insufficient and you require treatment for heat-related health issues.

How to Recover From a Heatwave?

Post-heat stroke, the body requires some time to cool down and come back to normal.

1. Stay hydrated: It is recommended that you drink a lot of water even when you do not feel thirsty.
2. Eat light, cool meals: Consume foods that are light and help cool the body, such as salads and fruits.
3. Rest and relax: You should give your body time to recover, especially if you have experienced symptoms of heat illness.
4. Check your home: Confirm that appliances are in working order.
5. Learn from the experience: Use your understanding to prepare for any future heat waves.

Emergency Kit for a Heatwave

In the case of heatwaves, prevention is the best cure. Below are some of the recommended items that you should include in your heatwave emergency kit:

• Water and other foods that do not easily get spoiled
• A battery-operated fan and some extra batteries are needed.
• First-aid kit
• Emergency contact list
• Medications, especially for those with chronic diseases.
• Light, loose-fitting clothing
• Sunscreen and sunglasses

Conclusion

You must know all about heatwaves to combat them. Preparation and knowledge are key to avoiding danger during hot weather. By following these tips and staying informed about heat waves, you can protect yourself from their effects. Stay cool, stay safe, and ensure your health insurance is up to date for added peace of mind.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

The eyes are among the most important organs in our body, and it is integral to take care of them. Regular assessments by an ophthalmologist help keep our vision in check, identify problems at an early stage, and prevent future issues.

Eye examinations are essential for maintaining eye health. Read on to learn everything you need to know about eye examinations.

When Should You Have an Eye Exam?

We typically only seek an eye examination when our vision deteriorates, but this approach is far from ideal. Regular eye tests are essential even if you don't have perfect 20/20 vision.

The need for eye examinations varies based on factors such as age, general health, and existing eye conditions. Here's a general guide to understand when you should get an eye examination:

For Children:

• The eyes of newborns should be examined before a child is discharged from a hospital.
• The first complete eye checkup should be done when the child is 6 months old.
• Children should also undergo other tests at the age of 3 and before joining school.
• Annual eye check-ups should be conducted to monitor vision.

For adults:

• Ages 20-39: Every 5 years
• Ages 40-54: Every 2-4 years
• Ages 55-64: Every 1-3 years
• Ages 65 and older: Every 1-2 years

However, these are just some best practices. You might need more frequent check-ups if you:

• Have a family history of eye disease
• Wear contact lenses
• Suffer from a disease such as diabetes or hypertension
• Use drugs that can impact the eyesight

It's important to understand that some eye diseases do not initially present with distinct symptoms. This is why routine eye examinations are necessary for everyone as part of their annual medical check-up. These exams can identify problems before they escalate.

Do not wait for symptoms to appear before scheduling an exam. Even if you feel that you do not have any vision issues, underlying problems could be present. Regular visits will help keep your eyes healthy for many years to come.

You should schedule an eye examination and consultation with your healthcare provider if you display the following symptoms:

• Blurry or fuzzy vision
• Frequent headaches
• Squinting or difficulty seeing at night
• Eye strain or fatigue

Remember, many eye diseases are asymptomatic in the initial state. This is why check-ups are necessary. They can prevent various issues from escalating to severe levels.

What Do Ophthalmologists Check During Eye Exams?

If you wish to get your eyes checked, a specialist known as an ophthalmologist will conduct the following tests:

1. Visual Acuity Test: A standard sight test involves reading letters on a chart from a distance. To assess your distance vision, you'll be asked to read letters of various sizes to determine how well you can see at different distances. This is a crucial part of any eye vision test.
2. Refraction Assessment: If you require glasses or contact lenses, this examination assists in determining the exact degree of your prescription. The doctor will typically hold up a device with varying lenses and verify which one sharpens your vision.
3. Eye Muscle Test: In this part of the examination, your eyesight will be tested, and the doctor will assess how well your eyes coordinate with each other. You may be asked to focus on a specific object and then shift your gaze in various directions. This helps the doctor check your eye muscles and their alignment.
4. Pupil Response Test: Your pupils should be able to follow the light and objects in motion. The doctor will use a bright light and move it from side to side to determine this response.
5. Peripheral Vision Test: This tests your peripheral vision. You will be asked to mark the time when you begin to see an object slowly moving into your field of vision.
6. Intraocular Pressure Test: This test checks for glaucoma by measuring the pressure in your eye. It is a quick and non-invasive procedure.
7. Slit Lamp Examination: With the help of a special microscope, the doctor scrutinises the front of your eye.
8. Retinal Examination: The doctor shall dilate your pupils to examine the back of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels.
9. Ocular Motility Test: This test determines the patient's eye mobility. The doctor will ask you to trace an object with your eyes, which will test for eye muscle function and nerve problems.
10. Depth Perception Test: Also known as stereopsis testing, this determines the extent to which your eyes can discern the depth and distance of 3D objects. For this test, you might be required to use special glasses and call out your observations.
11. Corneal Topography: This is a non-contact diagnostic procedure that provides a topographic map of your corneal surface. It is useful for identifying ailments such as astigmatism or keratoconus.
12. Fundus Photography: The doctor may take a picture of the back of your eye, which is crucial for recording the current status of the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels. This allows for easy comparison with future examinations.

Other Tests During an Eye Examination

Based on your age, health status, and other factors, your eye care professional may perform extra tests during an eye examination. These could include:

• Colour vision tests to determine if a person is colour-blind.
• Tear film tests to diagnose dry eye syndrome

These additional tests are beneficial in giving a detailed description of your eye condition. They are quite helpful, especially if you have issues or factors that might increase your risks.

Conclusion

Eye examinations are a significant part of a person’s health check-up routine. They not only help maintain vision but also diagnose eye diseases and other health conditions at their early stages. Eye care is essential, so book your next eye vision test and ensure your health insurance covers the cost of eye treatments so that you may receive accessible and affordable healthcare.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

The government has established several health insurance schemes to provide quality healthcare facilities to people. These schemes are regularly updated to prevent delays in accessing healthcare services. They raise awareness about medical issues, ensure adequate infrastructure, and promote various health-related facilities.

What is a Government Health Insurance Scheme?

A government health insurance scheme is a health insurance plan funded by the State or Central Government for its citizens. These schemes offer affordable policies with substantial coverage, aiming to improve the medical standards within the state. Annually, various schemes are introduced to address healthcare needs.

It is the State government's responsibility to develop a robust health plan to ensure public well-being. In India, numerous health insurance policies have been implemented to bridge the healthcare and insurance gap, particularly in rural areas. Examples of government health insurance schemes in India from recent years include Ayushman Bharat, Awaz Health Insurance Scheme, Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana, Bhamashah Swasthya Bima Yojana, and many more.

Regular Health Insurance Plans vs Government Health Insurance Scheme

There is a difference between regular health insurance plans and government health schemes in India. These differences can be tracked regarding features, eligibility, coverage, and several other factors. 

Types of Government Health Insurance Scheme

Below are the types of Government Health Insurance Schemes offered by the government to improve the healthcare sector of the country. 

1. Ayushman Bharat: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has introduced the Ayushman Bharat Yojana, a universal health insurance scheme designed to provide free healthcare services to over 40% of the population in India. With coverage up to ₹5 lakh, this scheme includes expenses for diagnosis, medicines, pre-hospitalization costs, and medical treatments.
2. Awaz Health Insurance Scheme: This health insurance scheme was initiated by the Government of Kerala to provide healthcare coverage for migrant workers. Under this scheme, the healthcare coverage is ₹15,000, and in the case of death, it provides coverage of ₹2 lakh.
3. Central Government Health Scheme: This scheme, initiated by the Central Government of India, is designed for central government employees and their families. Covering over 35 lakh employees and pensioners, it has been active for the last six decades. The policy includes coverage for hospitalization and domiciliary care, and benefits a wide range of individuals, including Supreme Court judges and Railway Board employees. It encompasses both allopathy and homoeopathy treatments.
4. Employees’ State Insurance Scheme: Launched in 1952, this insurance scheme provides coverage for illness, disability, and death of insured workers and employees. Originally started in Kanpur and Delhi, the policy has expanded nationwide over time. In 2015, several updates were made to enhance its coverage and benefits.
5. Chief Minister’s Comprehensive Insurance Scheme: This insurance policy is promoted by the Government of Tamil Nadu in association with United India Insurance Company Ltd. It is a family floater plan designed to provide reliable health care insurance. Under this scheme, hospitalisation expenses can be claimed up to ₹5 lakh. It is available to residents of Tamil Nadu who earn less than ₹75,000 a year.

Features and Benefits of Government Health Insurance Schemes

There are several features and benefits of Government Health Insurance Schemes. A few have been listed below:   

1. These health insurance policies are offered at a low price for people who have a low income. 
2. These insurance policies are also available to people with low incomes or those who are below the poverty line. 
3. Policyholders can be assured of reliable coverage, as these policies are offered by both the Central and state governments.
4. Some selective government plans have no lifetime limits on essential health benefits, ensuring ongoing care without restrictions.
5. Providing security for the policyholders, the government health insurance policies offer comprehensive health benefits. 
6. Promoting wellness among the citizens, these health plans offer free prevention care which includes cancer screening, immunization, etc. 
7. Some health plans by the government offer treatments at private hospitals for upgraded healthcare facilities. 

Conclusion

The government health insurance schemes play a crucial role in expanding the healthcare sector in India. They offer security and financial protection to the underprivileged, ensuring access to medical care for every citizen in India. While these schemes may not always cover as comprehensively as private health insurance plans, they provide significant benefits that can cover medication and treatment costs.

These government-sponsored health insurance policies are set to continue offering vital healthcare benefits to lower-income groups for years to come. To access these policies, individuals should verify their eligibility and select a plan that best fits their needs. Government-aided health insurance policies are both secure and affordable, making them a viable option for middle-class families.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.