Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition characterised by the immune system mistakenly targeting and attacking healthy cells in the body. This results in painful swelling and inflammation in the affected areas. The primary targets of rheumatoid arthritis are the joints. Rheumatoid particularly targets joints in the hands, wrists, and knees. This damage caused by rheumatoid can result in persistent or chronic pain, a lack of balance, and deformities. Rheumatoid can impact other body tissues and lead to complications in organs like the lungs, heart, and eyes. By knowing the causes of rheumatoid arthritis, it is easy to get timely medical intervention.

How is Rheumatoid Arthritis caused?

The precise reason for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown as of now, however, rheumatoid is generally associated with a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Several risk factors, as given below, contribute to the likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis:

1. Family history: Individuals with close relatives who have RA are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
2. Gender: Women and those designated female at birth face a two to threefold increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Smoking: Smoking not only heightens the risk of RA but also exacerbates the severity of the disease.
4. Obesity: Having excess body weight increases the chances of developing RA.

Do you often suffer from chest pain, nausea and heartburn? Do you feel like the molten lava in your stomach may burn through your oesophagus any minute? If yes, then it’s time to take some measures against acidity for health. Acidity is a common condition where an excess production of acids in the stomach by the gastric glands creates irritation and a burning sensation known as ‘heartburn’. It can be due to either too much spicy food or simply because of improper diet plans adopted unconsciously. The long-term effects of acidity are quite serious and must be dealt with immediately. In this article, we'll discuss the main causes of acidity.

How is Acidity Caused?

So, what causes acidity? One of the most prevalent causes of acidity is an abnormality in the stomach known as a hiatal hernia. Typically, the diaphragm plays a role in retaining stomach acid where it belongs. However, in the presence of a hiatal hernia, acid can migrate upwards into the oesophagus, leading to the manifestation of acid reflux disease symptoms.

In addition to hiatal hernias, there are several other common risk factors associated with acid reflux disease:

• Consuming large meals or lying down shortly after eating can contribute to the condition.
• Being overweight or obese can cause acidity.
• Eating a substantial meal and subsequently lying on your back or bending at the waist can increase the issue.
• Snacking in close proximity to bedtime is also a recognised risk factor.
• Consuming specific foods such as citrus, tomatoes, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy and fatty foods can trigger acid reflux.
• Certain beverages, including alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea, have the potential to increase the condition.
• Tobacco use, such as smoking, is another risk factor for acid reflux disease.
• Lastly, being pregnant can predispose individuals to acid reflux condition

Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) are a few of the numerous systems of traditional medicine in India. They have existed for thousands of years but their full potential is yet to be realised. Our government, in an attempt to integrate these traditional systems of medicine into the public health system, hopes to launch a national policy for AYUSH by October this year.

At an award function for Ayurvedic practitioners in Mumbai, the Minister of State for AYUSH, Shripad Naik said, “The Centre is drafting a national policy for AYUSH. The final draft policy is likely to be circulated among ministries and states by June before it makes its way to the Cabinet. The AYUSH ministry is targeting to launch the final policy latest by October.”

The policy proposes to include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy into the universal health insurance scheme. “It will also focus on the need for creation of infrastructure, research facilities and regulation to streamline AYUSH.” Naik said.

The minister further added that there were plans to globally promote India as a preferred destination for AYUSH.

“We will also set specific targets to be achieved within deadlines, bring regulation for education and research, as well as set standards for AYUSH medicines and treatment.” Naik said. This is to discover the full potential of traditional systems of medicine and how to harness it to improve primary and preventive health care.

So, India is all set to make traditional medicine international in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United States, through research and development. “The UN agency has evinced keen interest in AYUSH medicines and is slated to sign an agreement to this effect in Geneva soon.“ Naik added.

Gallstones are small, hard deposits that are formed in the gallbladder, an organ located near the liver. While many people don’t experience any symptoms from these stones, they can cause an array of problems if left untreated. Gallbladder stones may be tiny or may grow to the size of a golf ball as a result, the gallbladder stones can block the bile duct, causing pain in the upper right side of the abdomen and other symptoms like pain radiating to the shoulder or the back, nausea or vomiting. These conditions require medical attention and treatment that is accessible through health insurance. In this article, we aim to explore the different causes of gallstones.

How are Gallstones Caused?

There may be a few possible reasons for the causes of gallstones in adults:

Too much cholesterol in the bile

Our body needs bile for digestion which usually dissolves cholesterol. But in some cases, when bile cannot digest enough cholesterol, the extra cholesterol might form stones in the gallbladder.

Too much bilirubin in the bile

In conditions like liver damage and certain blood disorders, our body produces more bilirubin, which is a substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. When bilirubin is formed, it passes through the liver and is finally excreted out of the body. When the concentration of bilirubin increases in the liver, pigment gallstones are formed in the gallbladder because it can’t break down the excess bilirubin, resulting in the formation of hard stones that are often dark brown or black. 

Concentrated bile due to a full gallbladder

The gallbladder needs to empty its bile content to function properly. But in some cases of liver diseases, the gallbladder fails to empty its bile concentration as a result, the bile concentration becomes too high, resulting in the formation of gallstones.

Apart from these, the risk factors for gallstones can be related to diet, which can be controlled, while other factors are uncontrollable risk factors that include age, race, sex, as well as family history.

Lifestyle risk factors

●    Obesity
●    A diet rich in fat or cholesterol and low in fibre
●    Undergoing rapid weight loss
●    Living with type 2 diabetes

Genetic risk factors

●    Being born female
●    Being a Native American increases the risk
●    Having a family history of gallstones
●    Being 60 years or older

Medical risk factors

●    Living with cirrhosis
●    Being pregnant
●    Taking medicines to lower cholesterol
●    Taking medicines to control high estrogen content 
 

Conclusion

Gallstones are a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and certain complications if left untreated. So, one should look for the causes of gallstones and their symptoms and explore gallstone treatment options to manage gallstones effectively. Some changes in diet and leading a healthy lifestyle can help lower the risk of gallstone formation and promote better digestive health. If a person experiences acute cholecystitis or develops symptoms related to gallstones, he should seek immediate treatment.

The above blog aims to provide general information about health and related topics. Any information provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials is not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for any medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is important that you contact your Doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.

Herpes is an incredibly common viral infection, and, as such, it’s important to understand the causes of herpes. Unfortunately, many people do not have a full understanding of what these viruses are or how they are transmitted- even though a majority of individuals will encounter them at some point in their lives. In this article, we will explain the different causes of herpes so you can be better equipped to identify and protect yourself from contracting this infection.

How is Herpes Caused?

The following are some of the most common causes of herpes:

• Herpes spreads via physical contact or contact with fluid from a sore. Once contracted, these viruses persist for life. The virus resides primarily in nerve cells in a dormant state. Periodically, the virus may reactivate, leading to oral or genital herpes outbreaks.
• Both oral and genital herpes stem from HSV infection. HSV infection is generally transmitted through contact with a herpes sore or active virus in asymptomatic individuals. The condition is generally known as asymptomatic shedding.
• Ever wondered what causes herpes on skin? HSV-1 usually causes oral herpes (cold sores) and is transmitted through non-sexual contact like kissing or touching. However, it can also be passed to the genitals through oral sex. In fact, HSV-1 has become a common cause of genital herpes, especially in young women.
• HSV-2 predominantly causes genital herpes, primarily transmitted through intimate sexual contact.

Several risk factors significantly raise the likelihood of herpes infection, including:

• Unprotected sex
• Multiple partners
• Anonymous partners
• Prior STIs

It is important to note that genital herpes risk is higher in females than biological males.

Additionally, you should look into what is your health insurance coverage regarding herpes.

Conclusion

Herpes spreads through physical contact or fluid from sores, with asymptomatic shedding being a concern. Understanding these causes is crucial for timely intervention. Risk factors with respect to causes of herpes include unprotected sex and multiple partners; females face a higher genital herpes risk than males.

The above blog aims to provide general information about health and related topics. Any information provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials is not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for any medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is important that you contact your Doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.

The sudden nature of this emergency is sure to impact your savings and is also likely to cause panic. A health insurance policy reduces the stress of arranging of finances single handedly and also offers a variety of medical benefits.

Many insurance companies offer health insurance plans that are designed to offer coverage to the entire family. National health policy in India offer primary health care services that are designed to reduce financial stress and burden on the family of the ailing individual. Insurance companies that offer family health insurance policies offer compensation for different medical expenses. Comparing different policy quotes of health insurance policies for family will make you more aware about the different features and allow you to select the perfect plan for your family.

The ICICI Lombard complete health insurance policy offered by ICICI Lombard may offers a comprehensive insurance cover and the floater benefit extends policy cover to the entire family. The sum insured offered by such a health insurance can be shared by all the family members till the policy term expires. Thus, with the payment of a single premium you can insure all the family members with a medical cover.

Managing such a health insurance policy is easy as you do not have to remember individual policy renewal dates. This health insurance policy may also offers life-long renew ability that offers continuous benefits to your loved ones with premium medical care.

The insurance policy offers compensation for like room charges, doctor’s or surgeon’s fees, expenses borne by the insured individual for medicines, etc. All these features are sure to come handy if the patient is placed under medical observation during minor injuries due to an accident or mishap. In cases where the total duration of hospitalization is more than 24 hours, this policy may also offers coverage for inpatient treatment and prevents sudden loss of finances.

It also extends coverage for all expenses 30 days before and 60 days after hospitalisation and is sure to greatly reduce the financial burden in today’s inflated times where medical aid is costly. Another important aspect of the health insurance policy is the cashless claim feature. With this feature, the insurance company offers the ailing member of you family premium health care from its wide network of hospitals. All the hospitalisation bills are settled by the insurance provider and you are relived of monetary stress that could arise when arranging for finances singlehandedly.

Recent studies indicate that the rise in eye infections in cities is a direct result of air pollution. 30,000 people were detected with cornea infection caused by the increased particulates in the air last year in Delhi. Doctors state that the problem is serious because if allergies and conjunctivitis are left untreated, they can damage the cornea and impair vision.

According to doctors, the tear film of the eyes is made more acidic by pollutants like nitric oxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide existing in high levels in the air.

Samir Sud, an eye expert said, "One should not rub eyes directly even if fine particulates enter, rather wash eyes with water. After that they should apply a cool compress to help reduce inflammation."

Direct contact with an allergen leads to the allergic reaction in the eye. Once it happens, chances are that it would occur repeatedly. It is suggested to visit an eye expert if the problem is causing considerable inconvenience. The doctor might recommend antihistamines or anti-inflammatory eye drops. In certain cases the doctor might even suggest steroid eye drops for relief. A good health insurance can help cover consultation and treatment costs, ensuring timely and effective care without financial stress.

Measles is an airborne viral infection that affects many people, young and old alike. Highly contagious, measles can spread quickly if preventative measures against the virus are not taken. While it’s easy to blame the measles virus for this severe illness – which can even result in death if left untreated – there are various factors which contribute directly or indirectly toward its spread. As such, it’s important to know more about what causes measles so you can take action before the disease has a chance to spread. This allows you to claim your health insurance at the right time. In this blog post we'll cover some of the most common causes of measles.

How is Measles Caused?

Measles is the result of infection by a contagious virus known as morbillivirus.

Morbillivirus spreads through various means. This includes the release of contaminated droplets into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The following are some of the most popularly known causes of measles:

• Morbillivirus can be transmitted through intimate contact such as kissing
• Sharing drinks or food
• Shaking hands or holding hands, or hugging with an infected individual.
• Pregnant individuals can pass on the virus to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth, or through breastfeeding

Notably, the morbillivirus can persist in the air even after the infected person has left the vicinity. After exposure to the morbillivirus, it can take between six to 21 days for symptoms of measles to manifest. This period is known as the incubation period. Importantly, individuals become contagious approximately four days before the onset of the characteristic rash and continue to be so for about four days after the rash appears.

It's essential to note that there is no known cure for measles. The virus typically follows its natural course, which usually lasts for about 10 to 14 days.

However, some measures can be taken to alleviate symptoms and discomfort during this time. Some timely pain-relieving intervention include taking over-the-counter pain relievers, ensuring adequate rest, staying well-hydrated, gargling with salt water, and avoiding bright lights if one's eyes become sensitive.

Conclusion

Measles poses a significant threat, especially to young children. Measles spread through respiratory droplets, close contact, and from pregnant or new mother to child. Despite a readily available vaccine, thousands still succumb to this preventable disease annually. Understanding the causes of measles is crucial for early intervention. Timely vaccination remains the most effective defense against measles.

The above blog aims to provide general information about health and related topics. Any information provided in this blog, website or in any linked materials is not intended and should not be considered, or used as a substitute for any medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is important that you contact your Doctor before starting a new medicine or health regime.

However market statistics show that the decision to opt for an insurance cover does not immediately culminate into a purchase. This is generally due to the availability of multiple types and options of insurance schemes that leave the buyer undecided on the best course of action.

Are you too in a similar stage of dilemma? If so, spend the next few minutes with us, as we acquaint you with the various aspects of a Complete Healthcare Insurance Plan.

For starters, health insurance plans offer the following benefits:

Peace of Mind: Needless to say an insurance plan that provides financial relief in medical exigencies gives immense peace of mind

Reduced Financial Liabilities: Financial liabilities towards healthcare can be addressed by opting for a reliable Individual Healthcare insurance plan.

Quality Healthcare Services: Insurance companies have a tie up with a vast network of hospitals. By opting for a health insurance plan you can get immediate medical attention at such hospitals.

Healthcare Expenses: A health plan safeguards your finances and protects you against losses due to rising medical costs.

How is it different from a Life Insurance Plan?

A life insurance plan offers a lump sum amount (sum assured) to your dependants (nominees) once you pass away. On the other hand, health insurance plans cover the cost of medical expenses.

What are the types of Health Plans?

There are primarily two types of Health Plans: Benefit and Indemnity Plans. While Benefit Plans provide a lump sum amount on being diagnosed with select critical illnesses, Indemnity Policies offer to reimburse your medical expenditure either through a cashless channel or 'pay-and-claim' method.

Complete Health Insurance - iHealth Plan

is a comprehensive plan designed to cover your healthcare expenses during emergencies thereby minimizing your financial burden.

What is Health Insurance?
An agreement between you and the Insurance Company wherein the company agrees to bear your healthcare and hospitalization expenses in lieu of a yearly charge known as premium.

Things to Consider Before Deciding the Coverage Amount:

• Number and Age of Policyholders
• Pre-existing Ailments

Unsure About The Coverage Amount?
Well, opt for the health plan along with a top up plan, in that case. Available at nominal rates, these plans (like Health Care Plus) offer to cover expenses in case your existing health care policy coverage proves to be inadequate

Quick Tip:
Well, opt for the health plan along with a top up plan, in that case. Available at nominal rates, these plans (like Health Care Plus) offer to cover expenses in case your existing health care policy coverage proves to be inadequate.

Updated on - 04 Feb 2026

Filing a reimbursement claim under your health insurance policy can feel overwhelming, especially after dealing with a hospital stay or unexpected medical treatment. You may have already paid your bills and want to make sure your policy covers them smoothly. Whether it’s a planned procedure or an emergency, understanding how to file a claim, what documents to prepare and how to track your request can save time, reduce stress and ensure your health insurance policy works effectively for you.

When can you file a health insurance reimbursement claim?

You can file a reimbursement claim under your health insurance policy after paying all medical expenses.For planned hospitalisation, inform your insurer at least two days before admission.In case of emergency hospitalisation, notify them within 24 hours. Exact timelines may vary between insurers, so always check your policy documents for the specific requirements.

However, the exact timing for filing a claim can vary as per different insurance providers, so you must check your policy documents properly.

Steps to raise a reimbursement health insurance claim

Unlike a cashless claim, you have to take the initiative when it comes to making a reimbursement claim. Here is a step by step guide to make the reimbursement process smoother.

Step 1: You intimate the claim

Inform your insurance provider about the hospitalisation or medical treatment as soon as possible. Most insurers may offer different ways to do it, like contacting them through toll-free number, email, online portal, etc.

Step 2: Arrange your documents

Once you have made the payment at the hospital, arrange all the documents chronologically. Start from the original bills for doctor’s consultation, X-ray and other medical expenses to your discharge summary, medical reports and hospital bill.

Step 3: You fill out & submit the claim form

Next, you’ll have to download the claim form from the insurer’s website. Take a print and fill in the details in the required sections. Some parts of the form may also need to be filled by your doctor or hospital. After that, sign on the claim form and also get it signed by your treating doctor and submit it with other documents.

Step 4: Claim processing and tracking

Once the form is submitted, the insurance provider reviews the claim. The claim may be approved or declined or they can also request additional documents. You can also track your claim’s status online using the claim number, and once approved, the claim amount will be transferred to your bank account.

Documents required for reimbursement health insurance claim

When filing a reimbursement claim under a health insurance policy, you will need to submit the claim along with the documents listed below.

1. Duly filled claim form, filled and signed by you with section completed by the treating doctor or hospital.
2. Original discharge summary/daycare summary, providing details of diagnosis, treatment and hospital stay.
3. Original final hospital bill and other bills along with receipts showing payment.
4. Original payment receipts and other receipts supporting bills
5. Original investigation reports (Including ECG/ CT/ MRI/ USG/ HPE)
6. Original pharmacy bills
7. Original implant sticker/invoice
8. Photocopy of doctor’s prescriptions
9. Photocopy of the consultation paper
10. Photocopy of age proof (Driving license/ PAN card/ Passport/ Aadhar card)
11. Photocopy of indoor case paper
12. EFT (Copy of cancelled cheque/self-attested ID poof/Bank-attested copy of passbook with IFSC code)
13. KYC (Copy of ID proof, Residence proof, & 2 passport-size photos)
14. Pre and post hospitalisation bills including expenses of before admission and after discharge (if these expenses are covered in the policy)
15. MLC reports, FIR, police closure in accident related claims (if applicable)
16. In case of death- death summary, death certificate, nominee’s ID, bank details and documents.

Note: This is an indicative list. Please read the policy wordings for the complete list of inclusions/exclusions.

Things to keep in mind while filing a reimbursement claim in health insurance

To ensure you have a smooth and speedy reimbursement claim process, it's important to be thorough. Here are a few things to remember:

• Check your hospital bill before you sign and pay it for any errors or unexplained extra charges.
• Collect all your receipts, reports and relevant documents from the hospital at the time of discharge.
• Also, collect any bills for medical expenses incurred 30 days before and 60 days after hospitalisation.
• Don’t forget to submit the mandatory documents along with other necessary proofs like, prescriptions, payment receipts, diagnostic reports, etc.
• Take time out to go through the policy inclusions and exclusions when you make a reimbursement claim to avoid any confusion at a later stage.
• Keep copies of everything that you've submitted for your own records.
• Keep the claim submission timelines set by your insurer in mind.

Note: This is an indicative list. Please read the policy wordings for the complete list of inclusions/exclusions.

Common reasons reimbursement claims get rejected

Health insurance reimbursement claims can be rejected if they do not meet the insurer’s requirements. Common reasons include:

• Incomplete or missing documents: Not providing complete and original documents such as bills, discharge summaries, claim forms or medical reports.
• Non-disclosure of pre-existing conditions: If an illness or condition was not declared when purchasing the policy.
• Expenses outside the policy coverage: Costs for items not covered, like non-medical consumables, excluded treatments or cosmetic procedures.
• Policy lapse: If premiums are unpaid or the policy is inactive.
• Treatment from a non-recognised hospital: If the hospital is not registered with the insurer or does not meet required standards.

Note: This is an indicative list. Please read the policy wordings for the complete list of inclusions/exclusions.

How long does it take to settle a health insurance reimbursement claim?

The settlement time for a health insurance reimbursement claim depends on the insurer and how quickly you submit all required documents. The initial review usually takes 7-30 days to verify reports and documents.

Once approved, the claim amount is generally transferred to your account within 2-4 weeks. Timelines may vary across insurers, so always check your policy documents for specific details.

Tips to ensure a smooth reimbursement claim process

To ensure a smooth reimbursement claim process:

• Notify your insurance provider as soon as hospitalisation or treatment occurs.
• Keep all documents, including bills, prescriptions, discharge summaries and reports, organised before submission.
• Check your health insurance policy for inclusions and exclusions to avoid last-minute issues.
• Submit your claim within the timeline specified by your insurer to prevent delays or rejection.
• Use network hospitals when possible for faster treatment and claim processing.
• Maintain copies of all submitted documents for your records.

How to track your reimbursement claim status online?

You can track your health insurance reimbursement claim online using these methods:

• Insurance provider’s website: Most insurers have an online portal where you can check your claim status by entering your details.
• Mobile applications: Dedicated apps provide real-time updates and often allow you to submit documents and track progress directly from your phone.
• Third-party administrator (TPA) portals: If your policy is managed by a TPA, you can log in to their portal to see detailed claim information.
• Customer support: If online tracking isn’t available, you can contact your insurer’s customer support for updates and assistance.

Role of pre-authorisation in health insurance claims

Pre-authorisation, also called pre-approval, is an important step in many health insurance claims, especially for planned hospitalisations or high-cost treatments. Its key roles include:

• Coverage confirmation: The insurer checks and confirms before treatment that it is covered under your health insurance plan.
• Faster claim processing: Pre-approved treatments help speed up claim settlement and reduce delays at discharge.
• Correct documentation: The process ensures all documents are correct and clarifications are completed before treatment to avoid issues later.

Conclusion

Filing a reimbursement claim under your health insurance policy involves following a clear set of steps to make sure that the expenses are covered efficiently. Timely notifying your insurer, diligently collecting and submitting the necessary documents, and following the specified timelines are simple steps that save time later and ensure that the claim process is smooth.

Whether it’s an individual plan or a family health insurance policy, these practices help you make the most of your coverage. While you focus on your recovery and well-being, let us help you manage your finances. Get your customised health insurance advice and solutions by filling out the form provided on this page.

FAQs

1. How is a reimbursement claim different than a cashless claim?

A cashless claim allows the hospitals to settle the bills directly with your insurance provider so that you don't have to pay anything. Whereas, in a reimbursement claim, you have to pay the hospital first and then claim the expenses back from your insurance provider.

2. How long does a reimbursement claim take to process?

Reimbursement claims are typically processed within 15–30 days after submission of all required documents.

3. Can I file a reimbursement claim for treatment at any hospital?

In most cases, you can file a reimbursement claim for treatments received at any hospital, but it’s best to confirm with your insurer or check your policy terms.

4. What medical expenses can I claim back?

You can claim most of the hospital and treatment-related expenses, including doctor’s fees, diagnostic tests, surgery costs, pharmacy bills and pre- or post-hospitalisation costs. However, the exact list of expenses covered may vary across insurers and policy types, so it’s best to check your policy document for the complete list of inclusions and exclusions.

5. What are the types of reimbursement claims?

There are typically two types of reimbursement claims. One is a planned hospitalisation claim, which is for scheduled procedures where you know the treatment in advance.

Another one is the emergency hospitalisation claim, which is for unexpected medical emergencies needing immediate attention.

6. How to write a claim?

Writing a claim is simple, you just have to fill out the claim form provided by your insurer. You also need to attach all original bills, reports, etc., while including details like hospitalisation dates, treatment summary and payment proofs. Lastly, get your form signed and filled by the doctor or hospital and submit it to your insurer.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the topic featured in the article. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

Do you have a rash that looks like a ring? You may be suffering from ringworm, an infection caused by fungi. While it sounds scary, having ringworm doesn't mean you're unclean — anyone can get it! It's important to understand the causes of this common skin condition so you can take steps to prevent it and get rid of any current outbreaks as soon as possible. In this article, we'll discuss the causes of ringworm and provide several helpful tips for preventing the spread of this infection.

How is Ringworm Caused?

Ringworm is a prevalent issue, especially in tropical regions and during sweltering, humid summers. Ringworms can easily propagate in warm, damp settings. This includes locker rooms and indoor swimming pools. Ringworm is caused by various fungi. These infectious fungi tend to thrive in warm and humid environments. You can contract ringworm through various means:

1. Direct skin-to-skin contact with an individual who is infected.
2. Interaction with animals like dogs, cats, or farm animals carrying ringworms.
3. Contact with soil that has been contaminated by ringworm.
4. Handling objects, such as phones, combs, or towels, that have been contaminated with the fungi responsible for ringworm.

Your likelihood of developing a ringworm infection increases if you:

1. Reside in tropical regions.
2. Spend considerable time in hot and humid weather.
3. Experience heavy sweating.
4. Engage in activities like wrestling, football, or other contact sports.
5. Live in close quarters with others, such as military housing.
6. Share towels, clothing, razors, or other items without proper disinfection (razors) or washing (clothing and towels).
7. Are overweight or obese.
8. Have diabetes.
9. Wear clothing that rubs against and irritates your skin.
10. Frequent locker rooms or pools without thoroughly washing and drying your feet before you put on shoes and socks.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that is characterised by the malfunctioning and rapid multiplication of abnormal white blood cells in the bloodstream. While it can affect individuals from all walks of life, leukemia - specifically acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML)- has been known to primarily target children. With devastating effects like anemia, severe bleeding issues, bone pain, and piled up infection risk due to lowered immunity system amongst many others; it’s no surprise that understanding the causes of leukemia holds paramount importance when it comes to prevention as well as implanting new treatment strategies. Therefore join us as we decode the mysteries surrounding the causes of leukemia.

How is Leukemia Caused?

Leukemia is caused by mutations in the genetic material within blood cells, specifically leukocytes. The changes impair the cells' ability to regulate their growth and division. In some instances, the mutated cells manage to evade the immune system's control mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and outnumbering of healthy blood cells in the bloodstream.

Several factors increase a person's risk of developing leukemia. This includes:

• Gender: Gender plays a role, with men being more predisposed to this condition than women.
• Age: Age is a significant factor, as the likelihood of developing most forms of leukemia increases with advancing age.
• Family history: While most leukemias do not have a strong hereditary component, having a first-degree relative or an identical twin with the condition can increase an individual's risk.
• Other medical conditions: Congenital syndromes, including Down syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Bloom syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and Blackfan-Diamond syndrome, are associated with an elevated risk of developing the condition.
• Smoking: Although smoking itself may not directly cause leukemia, individuals who smoke cigarettes face an increased risk of developing the condition.
• Radiation: Exposure to radiation, particularly from high-energy sources like atomic bomb explosions, can raise the risk of leukemia.
• Certain chemicals: Long-term exposure to specific pesticides or industrial chemicals like benzene is also considered a risk factor for leukemia.
• Electromagnetic fields: Prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields, such as living near power lines, may increase an individual's likelihood of developing the condition.
• Certain therapies: Certain types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat other forms of cancer are recognised as factors that can increase the risk of developing leukemia.
  

If you or your family have been dealing with red, itchy, and watery eyes lately—conjunctivitis (also known as “pink eye”) may be to blame. Conjunctivitis is a very common eye condition that can affect individuals of all ages and cause a range of annoying symptoms. While this infection can make life uncomfortable for a short time, understanding its causes and treatments will help ensure quick recovery periods so you can get back to living your life normally! In this article, we'll cover the various causes of conjunctivitis and what you should do if you're experiencing any of its symptoms.

How is Conjunctivitis Caused?

The following are some of the popularly known causes of conjunctivitis.

• Viral Conjunctivitis

One prominent cause of conjunctivitis is viral infection. Adenoviruses in particular, are the primary reason. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and typically spreads via contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, and is mainly what causes redness in the eyes. Symptoms include watery discharge, redness, and itching. The condition often accompanies viral illnesses like the common cold or upper respiratory tract infections.

• Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, can induce bacterial conjunctivitis. The condition frequently occurs in the morning with crusty eyelids and yellow or green discharge. Close physical contact with infected persons, sharing personal items, or touching contaminated surfaces are common modes of transmission.

• Allergic Conjunctivitis

Some individuals experience allergic conjunctivitis triggered by exposure to allergens or seasonal changes. Typical allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold spores. The allergens lead to inflammation of the eye's conjunctiva, resulting in redness, stinging, and tearing.

• Irritant Conjunctivitis

Direct contact of the eye with irritants such as smoke, chlorine from swimming pools, or harsh chemicals can cause irritant conjunctivitis. The condition is not contagious and usually resolves once the irritant is removed. Proper eye protection and avoidance of irritants can prevent this form of conjunctivitis.

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing conjunctivitis:

• Exposure to an infected person: You can catch Conjunctivitis by coming into contact with an infected person.
• Age: Children are particularly susceptible to infectious conjunctivitis due to close contact in educational settings.
• Contact Lens Wear: Improper handling, extended use, or inadequate cleaning of contact lenses can lead to bacterial conjunctivitis.
• Compromised Immune System: People with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to bacterial or viral conjunctivitis.
• Allergies: Those with a history of allergies are more prone to allergic conjunctivitis.
• Environmental Exposure: Living in crowded or unsanitary environments may elevate the risk of conjunctivitis transmission.

The pancreas is a component of the gastrointestinal system and is responsible for producing enzymes to aid in digestion as well as hormones to regulate blood glucose levels. Pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, which arises when the digestive enzymes within the organ become activated and irritate the lining of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis can occur suddenly and last for a few days, while chronic pancreatitis manifests gradually over the course of several years. In this article, we explore the causes of pancreatitis.

How is Pancreatitis Caused?

Swelling and pain are consequent to inflammation of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis often stems from gallstones and generally dissipates after a few days of treatment. Nonetheless, repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis can progress into chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is a severe condition that does not resolve on its own. In the absence of treatment, chronic pancreatitis can result in permanent damage to the pancreas. Excessive alcoholism is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis. Some of the other causes of pancreatitis are:

• Gallstones: Gallstones formed in the gallbladder can come out and block the bile duct, resulting in blockage of pancreatic enzyme release into the small intestine. Retention and activation of digestive enzymes in the pancreas result in irritation of the pancreas, which results in inflammation.
• Excessive consumption of alcohol: Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to the development of pancreatitis by increasing the viscosity of pancreatic secretion, which leads to inflammation and fibrosis.
• High levels of triglycerides in the blood: higher levels of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein in the circulation can occlude the pancreatic capillaries, which can damage pancreatic acinar cells, resulting in inflammation.
• Abnormally high calcium levels: Elevated calcium levels in the blood can deposit in the pancreatic duct, which results in the retention and activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas. Activation of enzymes in the pancreas results in inflammation.
• Family history of pancreatitis: Genetics plays an important role in the development of pancreatitis. A person with a family history of pancreatitis has a higher chance of developing pancreatitis.
• Other causes of pancreatitis include pancreatic cancer, cigarette smoking, diabetes, abdominal injury, infection, cystic fibrosis, obesity, abdominal surgery, and trauma.

Gastritis is made up of two words- gastro, meaning stomach, and itis, which means inflammation. In this condition, the protective lining of the stomach becomes inflamed. This condition can be acute and occur suddenly in severe form. In chronic form, gastritis can exist for years if not treated. Erosive gastritis is less common but serious and can lead to bleeding and ulcers. The formation of ulcers and cancer of the stomach can occur if this condition is not treated on time. It is important to know the causes of gastritis to understand the condition better.

How is Gastritis Caused?

Gastritis can occur if the protective lining of the stomach becomes weak or damaged. It can be categorized as erosive or non-erosive. In erosive gastritis, erosion of the stomach lining and the formation of ulcers occur, while in non-erosive gastritis, irritation or reddening of the stomach lining occurs. Given below are the main causes of gastritis as well as the causative factors that increase the risk of gastritis.

• Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori): H. pylori bacteria is the causative agent for infectious gastritis. This bacteria grows in the mucous lining of the stomach and causes inflammation. H. pylori infection can spread through food, water, and contact with infected people.
• Excessive alcohol consumption: Chronic consumption of alcohol can irritate and inflame the stomach lining. Alcohol consumption can also increase the secretion of stomach acid, which can further harm the stomach lining.
• Use of pain relievers like non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs can increase the permeability of the gastric membranes, neutrophil infiltration, and production of oxygen-free radicals, which can increase the risk of gastritis.
• Autoimmune disorders: Chronic inflammation can also result from autoimmune disease, where immune cells start attacking their own cells.
• Stress: Acute gastritis can result from major surgical procedures, injury, severe infections, or burns.
• Ageing: In older adults, the stomach lining becomes thin, which increases the risk of gastritis. Apart from a thinner lining, the chances of H. pylori infection and autoimmune disorders are high in older adults.
• Cancer treatment: chemotherapy or radiotherapy to treat cancer can also make the stomach lining thinner and more vulnerable to ulcers.
• Other causes of gastritis include viral infections, fungal infections, tobacco use, digestive disorders like Crohn’s disease, bile reflux, and reduced blood supply.
  

Updated on 4 Dec 2025

Brain fever is a serious condition that can affect the brain and lead to severe health problems if not treated on time. Knowing what causes it, spotting the early symptoms and taking simple steps to prevent it can make a real difference for you and your family. In this article, we will explain the main causes, common symptoms and easy ways to prevent the condition.

What is brain fever?

Brain fever is a term often used for infections like meningitis or encephalitis that cause swelling or inflammation in the brain. It can be caused by different germs such as viruses, bacteria or parasites. Brain fever can happen to anyone, but children are more at risk because their immune systems are still developing. Brain fever can become dangerous if left untreated.

Causes of brain fever

Brain fever is caused by a number of different agents, including:

• One of the most common causes of brain fever is a viral infection. The herpes simplex virus is one of the most common causes of the condition and can lead to inflammation of the brain. Another common virus that can lead to this condition is the West Nile virus, which can be transmitted through mosquito bites. These viruses can lead to a wide range of symptoms such as headaches, fever, confusion and seizures. Sometimes these symptoms may be mild, and other times they can be severe and even life-threatening.
• Bacterial infections can also lead to Encephalitis. One of the most common bacterial infections to cause this condition is Streptococcus pneumonia. This bacteria can lead to meningitis (inflammation of the brain membranes) and can in turn lead to inflammation of the brain. This condition can present with symptoms such as fever, stiff neck, severe headache and sensitivity to light. It is important to treat bacterial infections quickly to prevent bacterial spread and reduce the risk of serious complications.
• Parasites and fungi can also lead to Encephalitis. One such parasite is the Nematode worm, which can cause eosinophilic meningitis leading to brain fever. Fungal infections such as Aspergillosis can also result in Encephalitis, especially in people who have weakened immune systems. These infections can cause symptoms such as seizures, confusion and difficulty thinking.
• In some cases, Encephalitis can be developed due to autoimmune diseases such as Lupus or Sjogren's syndrome. These conditions lead to the immune system attacking healthy cells in the body, resulting in brain inflammation. Symptoms of autoimmune Encephalitis can include hallucinations, difficulty with coordination, personality changes and memory problems.

What are the symptoms of brain fever?

Brain fever symptoms can appear quickly and may become severe if not treated. Common signs to watch for include:

• High fever that does not go down easily
• Severe headache
• Stiff neck
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light and sound
• Seizures (fits) in some cases
• Confusion or difficulty staying awake

How to prevent brain fever?

You can take several simple steps to reduce the risk of brain fever:

• Maintain hygiene: Wash hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet.
• Drink clean water: Use boiled or filtered water for drinking.
• Keep surroundings clean: Remove stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding.
• Protect against mosquitoes: Use nets, repellents and wear full-sleeved clothing in areas where mosquitoes are common.
• Get vaccinated: Some types of brain fever can be prevented with vaccines. Consult your doctor for available options.
• Act early: Do not ignore symptoms like high fever or severe headache. Early medical care can prevent serious complications.

For older adults, treatment can sometimes be expensive, especially if hospitalisation is needed. Many families now consider senior citizen health insurance to cover sudden medical costs, ensuring timely treatment without financial stress.

Conclusion

Brain fever can be serious, but knowing the causes, spotting the symptoms early and taking simple preventive steps can protect you and your loved ones. The key takeaway is that being proactive by maintaining hygiene, preventing mosquito bites, staying alert to warning signs and seeking timely medical care can make a real difference.

While you focus on staying healthy, let us help you choose the best health insurance plan for your needs. Get personalised advice by filling out the form provided on this page and ensure you have the right coverage without paying more than necessary.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

During the colder months, many of us find ourselves dealing with the unpleasant side effects of influenza, or “the flu.” Highly contagious and sometimes dangerous for those whose immune systems are already compromised, influenza affects people all over the world. It is important that we understand what causes it in order to minimise our risk and protect ourselves and our families from becoming sick. In this article, we will discuss some common causes of influenza as well as some measures you can take against this illness.

How is Influenza Caused?

Influenza is caused by different types of viruses, which are classified into four distinct types: influenza A, B, C, and D. This is can be caused by several ways including the following:

• The transmission of influenza typically happens through person-to-person contact, predominantly via respiratory droplets produced when individuals infected with the flu sneeze, cough, or engage in conversation. The airborne droplets have the potential to infect others within a radius of approximately 6 feet.
• Although less frequent, an alternative route of transmission involves indirect contact, where the flu virus lingers on objects or surfaces. If an individual touches a contaminated surface and subsequently makes contact with their mouth, nose, or eyes, they may become infected.

Even before symptoms could typically manifest, most healthy adults can transmit the virus to others. The timeline is up to seven days post-onset of symptoms. Individuals with weakened immune systems or children may remain contagious for an even longer duration. Typically, flu symptoms commence approximately two days after the virus gains entry into the body.

Poliovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that has been causing serious health problems for millions of people worldwide since ancient times. It can cause irreversible paralysis, with around 10 to 15 percent of those infected dying from the disease and many others forced to live with lifelong disabilities. Although effective vaccines against polio were developed in the 1950s, cases still occur - but why? In this blog post, we'll explore the causes of polio for better understanding of this severe disease.

How is Polio Caused?

Polio is caused by the poliovirus, and is also known as poliomyelitis. This highly contagious virus exclusively targets humans and enters the body through the mouth. Here are a few causes of polio:

• Poliovirus transmission can occur if a person touches their mouth after coming into contact with even tiny traces of infected feces.
• Consuming food and drinks infected with poliovirus
• Poliovirus, however, less commonly spreads through droplets from sneezes or coughs.
• Additionally, objects like toys contaminated with feces can pose a risk.

Infected individuals can spread the poliovirus to others shortly before and up to two weeks after showing symptoms. The virus can persist in an infected individual's intestines for weeks, continuing to contaminate food and water sources. Even asymptomatic individuals can carry and pass on the virus to others, causing illness.

There are two types of vaccines available to prevent polio. The inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The vaccines prepare children's immune systems to combat the polio virus, with over 99 per cent protection achievable by following the recommended IPV vaccine schedule. Polio typically affects young children. But people who haven’t been vaccinated are at a huge risk of getting polio.

Hypertension is also referred to as elevated blood pressure. It is a persistent condition characterised by increased pressure within the blood vessels. The heart continually pumps blood throughout our bodies via the blood vessels. Blood pressure results from the force of blood pushing against the artery walls as it is propelled by the heart. When blood pressure is elevated, the heart must work harder. By knowing the causes of hypertension, it is easier to get timely medical intervention.

How is Hypertension Caused?

The following are some of the popular factors that may contribute to the causes of hypertension development:

• Smoking
• Excess body weight or obesity
• Insufficient physical activity
• An excessive intake of dietary salt
• Insufficient intake of nutrients like potassium and magnesium
• Overindulgence in alcohol
• Prolonged stress
• Advancing age
• Genetic predisposition
• A family history marked by high blood pressure
• Chronic kidney disease
• Disorders affecting the adrenal and thyroid glands
• Sleep apnea

The much coveted Bariatric surgery for obesity has recently entered the robotics era in the city with Apollo Hospitals. Robot-assisted techniques have been introduced and these are considered as a better option or alternative to laparoscopy. However, these are also thought to be more expensive.

Dr. Rajkumar Palaniappan, consultant, Apollo Hospital, Addressed a press conference recently and stated that the latest robotic surgery offered excellent results as compared to laparoscopy. The basic downside of this project was that it would cost at least `1.75 lakh more as compared to a laparoscopic procedure.

There are numerous benefits of robotic surgery including supreme precision, enhanced ergonomic flexibility of the robotic arm in a body of patient, less amount of blood loss, pain score reaching 4/10 as compared to 6/10 for laparoscopy. Another benefit is that one can expect faster turnaround time for the patient.