Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a severe skin condition. While eczema isn't always visible to the naked eye, its effects can impact one's quality of life. From the relentless itch that keeps you up at night to flaky skin patches, living with eczema is like having an invisible illness that constantly reminds you of its presence. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common symptoms of eczema so that you may gain a better understanding of this condition.

What are the Symptoms of Eczema?

Symptoms of eczema include:

• Intensely itchy skin with dry red patches that appear on the cheeks, arms, and legs.
• Painful blisters on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
• Scaly patches are often due to the overgrowth of yeast.
• Thickening of the affected skin
• Coin-shaped patches of dry and itchy skin on arms and legs
• In children between 1 and 3 years old, eczema primarily involves the face, scalp, and exterior surfaces of the limbs.

Itching is the most significant symptom of eczema, and scratching worsens the situation. Itching is severe enough to disturb sleep. At times, the scratching can be so severe that the areas of the skin start to bleed and become infected to the extent that the skin oozes and crusts. 

Asbestosis is a serious lung disease caused by inhaling high levels of asbestos fibres over a long period of time. When asbestos dust is inhaled, the tiny fibres can become lodged in the lungs, leading to lung tissue scarring and stiffening over time. This scarring makes it progressively more difficult to breathe. Understanding the causes of asbestosis is important for prevention and early treatment of this debilitating disease.

What are the causes of Asbestosis?

Here are some of the major causes of asbestosis:

• Inhaling High Asbestos Dust Levels - Breathing in concentrated asbestos dust over many years, often in high-risk work environments like construction, puts you at the greatest risk. The more dust inhaled, the more fibres are embedded in lung tissue.
• Fibres Lodged in Lung Tissue - When inhaled, tiny asbestos fibres can become trapped in the alveoli (small air sacs) of the lungs. The sharp fibres then irritate and scar the thin lung tissue.
• Lung Tissue Scarring - Continued irritation and inflammation cause progressive scarring of the lungs. This makes the lung tissue stiff and inelastic over time, reducing the lungs' ability to expand and contract for air intake.
• Smoking - Smoking drastically increases asbestos fibre retention in lung tissue and accelerates the disease's progression. The combined damage from smoking and asbestos puts smokers at much higher risk.

Angioedema occurs when tissue suddenly becomes swollen due to an excess release of fluid and other bodily compounds rushing into the area. These flares can range from mild to severe, making them somewhat unpredictable. In this article, we'll offer insight into how the various types of angioedema differ from each other. With this information in hand, anyone with symptoms will be able to make informed decisions about their care.

What are the types of Angioedema?

The following are the different types of angioedema: 

• Acute allergic Angioedema

This is a fast-onset type of angioedema. It is triggered by a particular food item, taking certain medications, physical touch, and others.

• Non-allergic drug reaction

This reaction may not start right away, and is connected to drug ingestion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the main class of medications linked to this non-allergic reaction. 

• Idiopathic Angioedema

Another type of angioedema is idiopathic Angioedema. It has no known cause, making it a more serious condition. Certain triggers like infection and drugs can cause symptoms.

• Hereditary Angioedema

If one parent has this type of angioedema, there is a 50% chance that a child may inherit it. 

• Acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency

Acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency may be associated with B-cell lymphoma, a type of cancer. Similar to other forms of angioedema, this type can impact the larynx, affecting one's voice box and potentially leading to asphyxiation (suffocation).

• Vibratory Angioedema

Vibratory angioedema occurs due to the exposure of the skin to vibrations- repeated stretching, or friction.

Angioedema is the swelling of the area beneath the skin. It can be caused by an allergic reaction, but this condition may also be hereditary. Dealing with this condition can be quite chalenging, due to flare-ups. In this article, we'll take a closer look at angioedema treatments, and discuss the steps that can be taken, along with home remedies and medical interventions to help manage attacks. 

What are the Treatments for Angioedema?

Listed below are the main angioedema treatments:

• Antihistamines

These chemicals help block the histamines responsible for swelling. Whether available over-the-counter or prescribed, there's an option suitable for everyone.

• Corticosteroids

Frequently recommended to reduce inflammation, these can be administered orally or applied topically. They help combat swelling.

• Epinephrine

In severe situations, this adrenaline shot is vital. It’s important to carry an epinephrine shot around with you in case of emergencies.

• Avoiding Triggers

Prevention is the ultimate remedy. Identify and steer clear of triggers that set off your angioedema, whether they be certain foods, medications, or environmental factors.

• Keep an Emergency Kit

A collection of prescribed medications, such as antihistamines and epinephrine, can make a significant difference during sudden flare-ups.

• Cold Compress

Applying a cold compress can bring relief by reducing swelling and soothing the affected area.

• Consulting a Specialist

Sometimes, it's prudent to bring in the experts. Allergists and immunologists can assist in pinpointing triggers and devising a personalised angioedema treatment plan.

Angioedema is a medical condition that causes sudden swelling beneath the skin. While it may seem frightening to experience swelling in the throat, face, lips, tongue, hands or feet out of nowhere, understanding the symptoms of angioedema can help those suffering from it feel more empowered. Today, we will explore the main signs and symptoms of angioedema in detail so that anyone experiencing it will recognize what they are dealing with and know when to seek medical advice. 

What are the Symptoms of Angioedema?

Angioedema doesn't conform to the usual health symptoms; it introduces a distinct set of symptoms that might catch you off guard. The symptoms of angioedema include:

• Facial puffiness or swelling

A puffy face is a common symptom of angioedema, particularly around the eyes and mouth.

• Digestive challenges

Angioedema causes swelling of the intestines, which causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

• Swelling in mouth, hands, feet, or genitals

Apart from swelling in the face, a person may experience swelling in the hands, feet and genitals. Swelling in the mouth may make it difficult for them to breathe or talk, and would require immediate medical assistance.

• Dizziness or fainting

Blood pressure changes caused due to angioedema may result in dizziness and fainting.

Anaphylaxis refers to a serious, life-endangering allergic response that can happen immediately or within minutes after contact with a trigger, such as food, medicine, or an insect sting. Common allergens that trigger anaphylaxis include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, milk, insect stings, latex, and certain medications. Preventing exposure to known allergens is key to avoiding an anaphylactic reaction. Let’s understand some tips and strategies for the prevention of anaphylaxis.

What can you do to prevent anaphylaxis?

Some tips for the prevention of anaphylaxis are:

• Avoid known allergens - Be vigilant about reading ingredient labels, notifying restaurants about food allergies, and avoiding insect nests or hives if you have a sting allergy. Strict avoidance is the best form of prevention.
• Carry auto-injectors - Always have two epinephrine auto-injectors on hand in case of accidental exposure. Check expiration dates and refill prescriptions before they expire.
• Learn to use auto-injectors - Practice with a trainer device to ensure you know how to administer epinephrine during an emergency properly.
• Tell others - Make sure friends, family members, coworkers, teachers, etc., know about your allergies and how to administer your auto-injector if needed.
• Wear medical ID jewellery - Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace to identify your allergies if you become unable to communicate.
• Administer epinephrine for any symptoms - Even if symptoms seem mild, give epinephrine immediately at the first sign of anaphylaxis for the best chance of survival.

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that can come on quickly and be fatal if not treated promptly. Thankfully, several emergency anaphylaxis treatments exist, and they can help. Being prepared to act fast and get to the hospital is critical, as knowing the emergency care options makes all the difference in effectively treating this sudden and potentially fatal reaction. Recognising symptoms early and seeking immediate help gives patients the best chance of survival.

What are the treatments for Anaphylaxis?

The most important and effective anaphylaxis treatment is adrenaline given by an injection or through an intravenous (IV) line. Adrenaline acts quickly to reverse the dangerous symptoms caused by the body’s severe allergic response. Other common emergency treatments include:

• Oxygen to help breathing difficulties that may develop
• IV fluids to maintain healthy blood pressure levels
• Antihistamines or steroid medications to further reduce allergic response

Upon arrival at the emergency room, these medications will be administered right away as the medical team continually monitors the patient’s breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels. Most patients remain in the hospital for 2 to 12 hours, sometimes longer if symptoms are severe.

When the body's immune system overreacts to specific factors, a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis occurs. Foods like nuts, shellfish, or eggs, insect stings from wasps or bees, drugs like antibiotics or painkillers and latex are common causes of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis may occur in certain people for reasons that are not known. These stimulants set off a chain reaction in the body that results in acute symptoms and extensive inflammation. Knowing these typical causes is important because it enables people to recognise possible allergens and take the appropriate safety measures to prevent severe allergic responses. This creates a safer environment for those who are prone to anaphylaxis.

What are the causes of Anaphylaxis?

Following are some of the leading causes of anaphylaxis:

1. Insect Stings:

• Common causes of anaphylaxis include wasps and bee stings.
• In certain people, venom delivered into the body after a sting might cause a significant immunological reaction. 
• Proteins in the venom cause the release of histamine and other substances, which accelerates and amplifies the immunological response. 
• In severe circumstances, this immune response may result in life-threatening symptoms such as breathing difficulties, hypotension, and blood pressure drops.

2. Foods: 

• For those who are allergic, several foods, including milk, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, and other foods can cause anaphylaxis. 
• After consuming certain meals, the immune system misinterprets some proteins as dangerous intruders and overreacts aggressively.
• Histamine is released because of this overreaction, which can cause severe symptoms, including swelling, hives, gastrointestinal upset, and breathing difficulties.

3. Medicine: 

• In addition to other medicines, antibiotics can cause anaphylaxis in specific individuals. 
• Certain medications have the potential to activate the immune system, releasing substances into the body that cause acute, severe symptoms. 
• Skin rashes and itching are common reactions, but more serious symptoms, including breathing problems, a reduction in blood pressure, or even unconsciousness, can occur.

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal and occurs quickly. A quick pulse, low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, facial puffiness, and hives are some of the symptoms of anaphylaxis. It occasionally results in symptoms like nausea or vomiting. Emergency attention and an injection of adrenaline are frequently necessary in cases of anaphylaxis. It is critical to identify these symptoms as soon as possible to receive the appropriate care and avert major risks.

What are the symptoms of Anaphylaxis?

Following are some of the major symptoms of anaphylaxis that one witnesses-

• Severe symptoms, like those of an allergic reaction to some foods, medicines, or insect stings, emerge soon after exposure to the allergen.
•  These symptoms are concerning because they include swelling of the tongue and throat, which makes it difficult to breathe and swallow. 
• There may be a fast or wheezy breathing pattern together with coughing or loud breathing. It is also typical to feel dizzy, tired, or dizzy. 
• The skin may become pale, blue, or grey, and it may feel chilly. This is also visible on the lips and tongue.
•  It might be useful to inspect the palms or soles for colour changes if you have darker skin. Itchy, swelling rash is also another symptom. 

It is critical to recognise these symptoms because anaphylaxis needs rapid medical attention, typically in the form of an adrenaline injection and urgent treatment, to prevent serious consequences.

Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic response that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. The most common allergens that trigger allergic rhinitis include pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, as well as mold spores, pet dander, dust mites, and certain indoor irritants. Avoiding these allergens and implementing preventative measures are key to the prevention of allergic rhinitis. Exposure can be decreased by employing air filters and maintaining a clean interior. Vacuuming and washing bedding regularly can also help in the reduction of dust mites. The allergy might flare up when you come in contact with pollen, so reducing outside activities while pollen counts are high is a preventive measure to ensure lesser discomfort. Prevention of it also involves not smoking and making sure your house has enough airflow. 

What can you do to prevent allergic rhinitis?

Following are some measures for the prevention of allergic rhinitis:

• It is important to keep track of weather forecasts for high pollen counts and to remain indoors during such times to reduce your exposure to pollen.
• One way to greatly minimise exposure is to stay indoors during peak pollen season and avoid line-drying clothing or bedding. 
• Pollen protection for the eyes is aided by protective measures such as wearing wraparound sunglasses. 
• Using HEPA filters while vacuuming, dusting often with a moist cloth, and washing hypoallergenic bedding at higher temperatures, specifically 60 degree celsius, all assist in minimising the presence and effect of allergens. 
• Keeping a dry and well-ventilated home, preventing dogs from entering beds, and routinely brushing and cleaning pets all help to reduce the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. 
• Combining these efforts may help reduce allergic rhinitis by reducing the number of allergens in the environment.

Several methods of rhinitis treatment can reduce symptoms and enhance quality of life. One effective way is to reduce allergens by using air purifiers or keeping the humidity levels low indoors. Nasal sprays or over-the-counter antihistamines may provide relief from symptoms such as runny or stuffy noses and sneezing. Long-term relief for severe or chronic instances can be obtained by speaking with a healthcare provider. People can effectively manage their rhinitis symptoms and improve their everyday well-being by putting these techniques into practice.

What are the treatments for rhinitis?

To effectively manage allergic rhinitis, follow these steps-

• Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. They work best when used nonstop, but they can also be helpful when used for shorter periods of time. They can even help when used intermittently. Corticosteroid sprays are generally safe for children and adults.
• Medications, such as antihistamines, decongestant nasal sprays (not for children under 6), and saltwater solutions for nasal cleaning, could be used with the consultation of a chemist.
• Use of over-the-counter nasal sprays should be done with caution, with a one-week restriction to avoid exacerbating symptoms.
• For severe or chronic instances, seeking expert advice from healthcare providers is advised for tailored treatments, such as prescription drugs or allergy injections.

The leading cause of allergic rhinitis is a reaction by the immune system to specific allergens. These allergens, which include mould spores, dust mites, pollen, and pet dander, inflame the nasal passageways, resulting in symptoms including runny nose, congestion, itching, and sneezing. When the immune system interprets these mild molecules as dangerous, it releases molecules that cause irritating symptoms of allergic rhinitis. To manage and stop its onset, it is essential to understand these triggers.

What are the causes of Allergic Rhinitis?

The body's response to several allergens causes allergic rhinitis, sometimes referred to as hay fever. It is an allergic reaction. The following are some main causes of allergic rhinitis:

• The main cause of symptoms like runny nose and sneezing throughout the seasons is pollen from grass, weeds, and trees. 

• Allergies are brought on by home dust mites, which are tiny creatures found in household dust. Dust or hair from pets like dogs and cats can trigger allergic rhinitis. 
• For many people, mould which is frequently present in moist indoor environments can cause major allergy. 
• Allergy rhinitis can also be brought on by exposure to wood dust, wheat dust, and leather at work.
• A family history of allergies, such as asthma or eczema, increases the risk of acquiring allergies, including hay fever.
• These hereditary traits have the potential to increase an individual's sensitivity to allergens, which may lead to the development of allergic rhinitis symptoms when exposed to triggers.

Allergic rhinitis, also called hay fever, occurs when your nose becomes irritated due to exposure to allergens like pollen, dust mites, animals, mold, and certain substances. Most individuals find relief through readily available medications at a pharmacy.

Triggered by an allergic reaction, sneezing is one of the common symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The risk of developing allergies increases with a family history of allergies or conditions such as eczema and asthma. Identifying these allergens and risk factors is essential for effective management of allergic rhinitis. 

What are the symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?

Common symptoms of allergic rhinitis are similar to a cold and include:

• Sneezing
• Itchy nose
• Runny or blocked nose
• Itchy, red, and watery eyes
• Cough
• Itchy sensation in the roof of the mouth

These symptoms typically occur within minutes of coming into contact with an allergen. Though it shares similarities with a cold, it is triggered only by exposure to specific allergens so you can take steps to prevent symptoms by avoiding exposure.

For example, if you're allergic to pollen, stay indoors during pollen season, particularly in air-conditioned spaces. Close windows when sleeping and roll up car windows while driving.

Pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas becomes red and swollen due of an attack by digestive juices or enzymes. The pancreas have two primary functions: producing enzymes to aid in food digestion by releasing them into the small intestine, and secreting hormones like insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. 

Pancreatitis disrupts these functions and can lead to other complications such as digestive issues, diabetes and in severe cases, organ failure. So it is important to know the symptoms of pancreatitis for prompt medical attention and treatment.

What are the symptoms of pancreatitis?

Symptoms can differ from person to person, and may manifest in various ways:

• Severe belly pain that may spread to your back or chest (it may feel worse after you eat)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased heart rate
• Fever
• Swelling and tenderness in the upper belly
• Fluid retention in the abdomen
• Decreased blood pressure
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Always consult your healthcare provider for confirmation because the symptoms of pancreatitis may resemble those of other medical conditions.

A stroke is like a heart attack for your brain, resulting from disruptions in blood flow to a part of your brain. Whether it's caused by blocked blood vessels or bleeding within the brain, strokes are a life-threatening emergency. Quick medical attention is crucial to prevent lasting damage or death.

You have various options to mitigate your risk of having a stroke. It's important to note that this doesn't ensure complete prevention of stroke, but it does contribute to lowering your risk.

How can you prevent stroke?

Taking preventive measures against a stroke involves understanding your risk factors and following your healthcare professional's advice on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. For individuals with a history of stroke, these actions could aid in preventing another occurrence. Those who have had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) can also reduce their risk of a stroke by following these steps. The follow-up care received in the hospital and beyond may also play a role in prevention of stroke.

Many approaches to prevent strokes align with strategies for preventing heart disease. Overall, recommendations for a healthy lifestyle include:

1. Control hypertension, or high blood pressure
2. Limit cholesterol and saturated fat intake in your diet.
3. Give up tobacco consumption.
4. Control diabetes.
5. Maintain an ideal weight.
6. Consume a diet abundant in fruits and vegetables.
7. Maintain a regular exercise routine.
8. Keep alcohol intake moderate or consider abstaining.
9. Seek treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.
10. Do not engage in the use of forbidden drugs.

In the realm of gastrointestinal well being, the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis emerges as a puzzle with multiple facets that requires careful unraveling. This lasting inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by inflammation in the colon and rectum presents a range of symptoms that can have a negative impact on an individual's overall health. The path to reaching a conclusive diagnosis involves a series of assessments, laboratory tests and imaging studies. At the core of this journey lies endoscopy, a procedure that enables healthcare professionals to directly observe the inner workings of the gastrointestinal system.

Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis

The ulcerative colitis  diagnosis  encompasses medical evaluations, laboratory analyses, imaging studies and endoscopic procedures. Here are the key elements involved in this process:

• Medical History

1. Healthcare providers will gather information about your medical history focusing on symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss and fatigue. 
2. They will also consider factors such as family history, lifestyle choices and overall health.

• Physical Examination

1. A thorough physical examination will be conducted to assess your well being and identify any signs of tenderness or bloating that may indicate gastrointestinal distress.

• Blood Tests

1. Doctors may perform blood tests to examine markers of inflammation such, as C reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 
2. Additionally blood tests can help identify anemia and nutritional deficiencies.

• Stool Tests

1. Stool samples may undergo analysis to detect the presence of blood, inflammation or infections that could contribute to the symptoms.

• Colonoscopy

1. A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a flexible tube equipped with a camera (colonoscope) is used to thoroughly examine the entire colon and the last part of the small intestine (ileum). 
2. This allows healthcare professionals to visually assess the extent and severity of inflammation within the colon.

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

1. Similar to a colonoscopy but focusing on the lower portion of the colon, a flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed to evaluate inflammation in the rectum and lower colon.
2. Although it provides a limited view compared to a colonoscopy it effectively assesses inflammation in those specific areas.

• Biopsy

1. During either a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy medical practitioners may extract tissue samples (biopsies) for laboratory analysis. 
2. This aids in confirming diagnoses while ruling out other conditions.

• Imaging Studies

1. Imaging tests, like X rays CT scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might be used to examine the extent of inflammation, detect any complications or rule out possible conditions.

• Barium Enema

1. In some cases, doctors may perform a barium enema, which's a specialized X-ray procedure that provides detailed images of the colon and rectum. 
2. This helps in getting a clear view of the gastrointestinal tract.

By utilizing this combination of tools and procedures, healthcare professionals are able to establish a definitive diagnosis for ulcerative colitis, determine its severity and develop an appropriate treatment plan to manage symptoms and promote long term remission.

The causes of stroke can be broadly classified into two categories. A blockage or reduction in blood supply in a part of the brain leads to an ischemic stroke. In this scenario, the affected brain tissue is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, initiating the death of brain cells within minutes. On the other hand, a hemorrhagic stroke is characterised by the leakage or bursting of a blood vessel in the brain, causing bleeding that exerts pressure on brain cells, resulting in damage.

What are the causes of stroke?

The classification of strokes is typically based on their causes, and they can be categorised into three main types:

• Ischemic Stroke: 

The most common type of stroke, due to blockage of brain blood vessels, often caused by fatty deposits or particles from the heart. 

Initial research suggests a possible link between COVID-19 and a higher risk of ischemic stroke. However, further, more extensive studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Hemorrhagic Stroke: 

Hemorrhagic strokes result from conditions like lack of control over high blood pressure, overuse of blood thinners, weak spots in blood vessel walls (aneurysms), head trauma, protein deposits causing vessel weakness (cerebral amyloid angiopathy), and hemorrhage triggered by an ischemic stroke.

• Transient ischemic attack (TIA): 

TIA is a brief episode resembling stroke symptoms but without lasting damage, contrasting a stroke. It occurs due to a temporary reduction in blood supply to a part of the brain, with a duration as short as five minutes. Commonly known as a ministroke, immediate medical attention is essential.

Many medical factors can increase the risk of stroke:

• High blood pressure.
• Cigarette smoking or secondhand smoke exposure.
• High cholesterol.
• Diabetes.
• Obstructive sleep apnea.
• Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, heart infection or irregular heart rhythm, such as atrial fibrillation.
• Personal or family history

In the world of neurological disorders, Alzheimer's disease stands as one of the most challenging conditions. One of the most prevalent forms of dementia, Alzheimer's not only affects memory but also complicates cognitive functions, leaving an indelible impact on individuals and their loved ones. This blog focuses on methods for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease

Trouble recalling recent events or conversations is the first hunch about the condition, which gets worse with time, giving rise to the following symptoms:

• Memory Loss Initially mild, progressing to severe forgetfulness.
• Difficulty in Problem Solving Struggling with tasks that were once routine.
• Confusion About Time or Place Losing track of dates, seasons, or locations.
• Impaired Judgment Poor decision making becomes apparent.
• Difficulty Completing Familiar Tasks Everyday activities become challenging.
• Changes in Personality and Behavior Mood swings, withdrawal, or increased anxiety.

Causes of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease can snake its way in through many ways, including genetics and lifestyle factors, depending on the individual. Here are the common causes of this condition:

• Certain gene mutations increase susceptibility.
• Advanced age is a primary risk factor.
• Family History A history of Alzheimer's in the family may elevate risk.
• Trauma
• Alcohol consumption and smoking 
• High blood pressure
• Poor sleep patterns 

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease 

Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis involves the following procedures:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: a holistic walkthrough of symptoms and medical history, and the evaluation of overall health and cognitive functions are helpful in discerning whether someone has Alzheimer’s or not.

• Neuropsychological Tests: Assessment of memory, language, and problem solving skills are also part of the diagnosis of the condition.

• Imaging Studies: MRI and CT Scans rule out other conditions and reveal brain abnormalities. PET Scans are also important as they detect abnormal patterns of brain activity and narrow down the possibilities.

• Biomarker Tests: Blood Tests are also part of the diagnosis procedure as they detect genetic markers or proteins associated with Alzheimer's.

Alzheimer's Disease Treatment

The treatment is determined on the basis of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and severity of the condition. The treatment procedure typically includes:

• Medication: Cholinesterase Inhibitors are usually prescribed to improve communication between nerve cells. Memantine is also often used to help slow down the progression of the disease.

• Therapeutic Approach: Apart from medical methods, people can also resort to therapeutic activities to enhance cognitive functioning. There are lots of behavioural practices available which are often recommended for managing challenging behaviours.

The key difference between monkeypox and smallpox is that monkeypox causes the swelling of lymph nodes, but smallpox doesn't cause lymphadenopathy. Usually, the lymph node swelling affects some localised areas of your body, or it may impact several parts, such as the neck and armpit.

Still, people tend to confuse monkeypox and smallpox. This is because the two often present similar symptoms. But even though both spread from an infected person, smallpox is more severe than monkeypox.

What is the Difference between Monkeypox and Smallpox?

1. Symptoms

Monkeypox presents symptoms similar to smallpox, but monkeypox is less severe. According to MedlinePlus, the signs that monkeypox present tend to be milder than those of smallpox. 

Monkeypox- Within the first 5 days, the common symptoms include swelling of the lymph nodes, fever, muscle aches, and headaches. Skin eruptions start appearing up to 3 days after the onset of the fever. It affects the face, hands, feet, corneas, genitalia, and other body parts. Generally, most people begin showing symptoms around 6-13 days after infection. However, it can take up to 21 days for some people to show the signs.

Smallpox- Patients develop liquid-filled bumps and rashes within 3 days of infection. The bumps and rashes start on the face and hands and can spread all over the body. The other symptoms that may follow include fever, severe headache, backache, abdominal pains, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

2. Transmission

Monkeypox- Monkeypox is less infectious than smallpox. A person with the monkeypox virus can spread it as early as symptoms develop until their rashes heal fully, all scabs fall off, and a fresh skin layer forms. This often takes around 2-4 weeks. Surprisingly, researchers also discovered that some individuals can spread monkeypox to others from as early as 1- 4 days before their symptoms develop.

Smallpox- The smallpox transmission happens from close contact with the infected person. It has an incubation period of around 7- 17 days. 

3. Survival Rate

Monkeypox- the disease is hardly fatal, with a survival rate of 99%

Smallpox- Historically, about 30% of cases were fatal.

Cervical spondylosis, also known as cervical osteoarthritis or neck arthritis, is a common age-related condition affecting the neck's discs and joints. The condition is more prevalent among people older than 60, but it can also affect younger people whose lifestyles contribute to accelerated wear and tear of the spine and neck. Factors such as poor posture, repetitive neck movements, wavy lifting or a history of neck injuries can contribute to this condition. However, by understanding its symptoms, undergoing an accurate diagnosis, and seeking out appropriate treatment, we can navigate the complexities of this condition effectively.

Cervical Spondylosis Symptoms

Cervical spondylosis often shows no symptoms and rather goes unnoticed in the guise of minor neck pain. At times, people with cervical spondylosis experience shrinking in the spinal canal within the spine, as a result of which, one may experience:

• Neck pain and stiffness
• Headaches, often starting at the back of the head
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or fingers
• Weakness in the arms or legs
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance

Diagnosis

With the symptoms, however silent they may be, surfacing, it gets crucial to reach out to medical care to treat the condition right. For an accurate cervical spondylosis diagnosis, healthcare professionals perform the following procedures:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: Detailed discussion of symptoms and evaluation of neck mobility, reflexes, and muscle strength.

• Imaging Studies: X Rays to visualise bone spurs and the overall condition of the spine; MRI scans for a detailed look at discs, nerves, and soft tissues; CT scans to reveal bony structures and spinal canal details

Treatment

Treatment for cervical spondylosis is different for every patient as it involves factors such as severity, age and more. After cervical spondylosis diagnosis, it is not only imperative to undergo proper medical intervention but also healthy lifestyle changes that promote ease in pain.

• Medications: Pain relievers such as acetaminophen, NSAIDs; muscle relaxants to alleviate muscle spasms such as Amrix, Fexmid; corticosteroid injections for severe pain and inflammation.

• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises to promote neck strength and flexibility; posture improvement techniques; manual therapy for pain relief.

• Lifestyle Modifications: Ergonomic adjustments in workspaces; neck-supportive pillows for sleep; regular breaks during prolonged activities

• Surgery (in severe cases): Surgery may be considered if conservative measures fail. Procedures like discectomy or cervical fusion are also helpful in treating, or rather tackling this ailment.