Thalassaemia is a hereditary blood disorder that impacts the normal production of haemoglobin, a protein that is an important of red blood cells. This vital protein in red blood cells facilitates the transportation of oxygen, ensuring nourishment for the body's cells. Thalassaemia results in low haemoglobin count and red blood cells, causing anaemia. Your body’s cells may lack enough oxygen for energy and overall health.

What are the Symptoms of Thalassaemia?

A patient’s life journey is shaped by the type and severity of their Thalassemia.

1. Without symptoms (asymptomatic): Not possessing one alpha gene usually means no symptoms. If two alpha genes or one beta gene are missing, you might be asymptomatic or you could have mild anaemia symptoms such as fatigue.
2. Mild-to-moderate symptoms: Thalassaemia disease symptoms might be mild anaemia, or more moderate issues in the case of beta Thalassaemia intermedia.

• Challenges in achieving normal growth
• Delayed puberty
• Bone irregularities associated with osteoporosis
• Enlarged spleen in the abdominal region

If you have skeletal problems, surgery may be necessary for correction. Your healthcare provider might opt for spleen removal in cases of significant spleen enlargement.

3. Intense or severe symptoms: When three alpha genes are missing (Haemoglobin H disease), it can lead to anaemia symptoms from birth, resulting in painful, lifelong anaemia. Beta Thalassaemia major (Cooley’s anaemia) often shows noticeable severe symptoms by age 2.

Those related to mild to moderate disease are part of the symptoms of severe anaemia, with the possibility of additional symptoms, which include: 

• Lack of appetite
• Skin showing paleness or a yellowish tint (jaundice)
• Dark or tea-coloured urine
• Irregular facial bone structure

Conclusion

Fortunately, treatment options are available for Thalassemia. The severity of the symptoms determines the extent and frequency of necessary treatments. Enquire with your healthcare provider about how your health insurance plan can support ongoing care. If you're planning a pregnancy and suspect Thalassaemia genes, seek genetic testing and guidance from a counsellor.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Understanding the Causes of Thalassemia Disease

Have you come across the word Thalassemia earlier? The term may sound amusing, like some magical terminology. However, it's the name of a disease, and India has many Thalamic patients. According to Science Direct, in India, approximately 100,000 individuals are grappling with β thalassemia syndrome, which is around a quarter (25%) of the worldwide burden of this disease. 

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disease that reduces the haemoglobin level in the body below the average level. Thalassemia minimises the production of healthy haemoglobin proteins in the body, lowering the production of healthy red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Let us find out the causes of thalassaemia.

What are the Causes of Thalassemia?

The causes of thalassaemia are genetic mutations in the DNA of cells responsible for haemoglobin production. Haemoglobin is the crucial substance in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. These mutations, inherited from parents by children, impact the chains forming haemoglobin molecules, namely the alpha and beta chains. 

Mutations in either chain can reduce their production, giving rise to two main types of Thalassemia: alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia. This genetic disorder disrupts the normal synthesis of haemoglobin, affecting the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells and contributing to the characteristic symptoms associated with Thalassemia. Let us look at alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia separately.

• Alpha-thalassemia: This condition is influenced by four genes responsible for creating the alpha haemoglobin chain, with each person receiving two genes from each parent. If you inherit one mutated gene, you won't show signs of Thalassemia, but you become a carrier who can pass it on to your children. Having two mutated genes leads to mild symptoms, known as the alpha-thalassemia trait. With three mutated genes, symptoms become moderate to severe. Inheriting four mutated genes is rare and often results in stillbirth.

• Beta-thalassemia: The beta-haemoglobin chain is formed by two genes, one from each parent. Inheriting one mutated gene results in mild signs and symptoms, termed Thalassemia minor or beta-thalassemia. If you inherit two mutated genes, the signs and symptoms become moderate to severe, known as Thalassemia major or Cooley anaemia. Babies born with faulty beta haemoglobin genes are typically healthy but develop symptoms during the first two years.

Here are the risk factors associated with Thalassemia. 

The risk of Thalassemia is heightened by specific factors, such as:

• Family heritage: Thalassemia is inherited from parents to children from mutations in the haemoglobin genes.
• Ancestral background: Thalassemia is more prevalent among individuals with African-American heritage and those of Mediterranean and Southeast Asian descent. According to Mayo Clinic, people from these ethnic backgrounds are more susceptible to Thalassemia.

Conclusion

If left untreated, Thalassemia causes moderate to severe complications. Getting the condition treated at the right time is essential. As you see a health professional, we also suggest taking health insurance. Adequate insurance renders any medical emergency less severe as the financial burden is shared. Health insurance is like providing yourself with an extra layer of protection.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

We often hear people using the term “anaemic”. This prevalent health condition affects over 40% of the population in India. Anaemia is a medical condition characterised by insufficient red blood cells or impaired functionality of existing ones. Common symptoms of anaemia include fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Let us look at the different kinds of anaemia. 

What are the Types of Anaemia?

There are many types of anaemia, but they can be broadly classified into acute and chronic.

Acute Anaemia

Acute anaemia is a swift and abrupt reduction in the amount of red blood cells (RBCs), often triggered by haemolysis or sudden bleeding. The speedy reduction in RBCs during acute anaemia can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, increased heart rate, and shortness of breath. 

Chronic Anaemia

A gradual and prolonged decrease in RBCs marks chronic anaemia. The origins of chronic anaemia are varied and encompass factors such as nutritional deficiencies. They may include iron deficiency, chronic diseases, drug-induced influences, and other underlying contributors. This condition can manifest over an extended period. 

Besides these, you will also hear people talk about other kinds of anaemia. Let’s get acquainted with those, too. 

1. Microcytic anaemia occurs when red blood cells have insufficient haemoglobin, leading to smaller-than-normal cell size. According to the World Health Organization, anaemia gets triggered when the haemoglobin level is lower than 13 g/dL in men and below 12 g/dL in women.
2. Normocytic anaemia is characterised by inadequate red blood cells to meet the body's requirements and is often associated with certain chronic diseases. 
3. Macrocytic anaemia occurs when the bone marrow produces red blood cells larger than the typical size.
4. Haemolytic anaemia occurs when red blood cells break down or perish faster than normal. 
5. Aplastic anaemia is characterised by insufficient production of RBCs following a deficiency in stem cells within the bone marrow. 
6. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia occurs when your immune system targets and attacks the red blood cells. 
7. Sideroblastic anaemia is identified by a shortage of red blood cells alongside an excess of iron in your system.

Medical professionals can better access these different types of anaemia.

Conclusion 

Now, we have adequate information about this health condition. However, only a doctor can ascertain the exact type, provide tailored interventions, and improve patient outcomes. Also, we suggest investing in health insurance to make any medical emergency, including anaemia, less stressful. Health insurance plans offer financial security and ensure that the costs associated with medical treatments and consultations are covered. So, be sure to secure your family and you with health insurance!

References: Anemia Mukt Bharat

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Appendicitis is a health condition whereby the appendix (the pouch attached to the large intestine) swells up or gets infected. It may be caused by virus, bacteria, or parasite in your digestive tract. If left untreated, Appendicitis can turn fatal. The pain associated with Appendicitis typically begins as mild cramps in the upper abdomen or around the belly button region before progressing to the lower right quadrant of the stomach. The prevalence of this health condition is quite common. Between 1990 and 2019, there was a 63.55% increase in the global Appendicitis incidence rate. 

Let us take a peek into the types of Appendicitis.

What are the Types of Appendicitis?

There are 2 types of Appendicitis, and they comprise: 

1. Acute Appendicitis: An abrupt and severe form of Appendicitis, acute Appendicitis predominantly affects individuals aged 10 to 30, with a higher incidence in males. The onset of intense pain occurs rapidly, escalating within 24 hours. Swift medical intervention is essential, as untreated cases may lead to appendix rupture, posing a serious and potentially fatal complication.

2. Chronic Appendicitis: This form of Appendicitis is less prevalent than its acute counterpart, affecting approximately 5% of individuals with a history of Appendicitis. In chronic instances, symptoms are often mild and tend to manifest after an episode of acute Appendicitis. These symptoms may subside temporarily, only to resurface intermittently over weeks, months, or even years. Diagnosing this form of Appendicitis can be challenging. 

While Appendicitis is not directly inherited, there is a possibility that genetics play a role in contributing to certain factors that can lead to the condition.

Conclusion

Appendicitis needs immediate attention whenever symptoms show up. Delaying intervention can lead to complications, such as the appendix rupturing, which poses significant health risks. When discussing medical intervention, we must emphasise the need to invest in a health insurance plan as it provides financial coverage against several health concerns. 

References: PubMed, Healthline

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways leading into the lungs. Coughing is caused by inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, which causes them to expand and fill with mucus. There are 2 types of bronchitis: Acute, which usually has an infectious nature and is short-term, lasting a few weeks, and Chronic, which is marked by a chronic cough that produces mucus and may be an indication of COPD. Health insurance aids in access to the required tests and treatments to maximise care and reduce long-term effects on respiratory health.

What are the Types of Bronchitis?

Let’s understand the types of bronchitis in detail here:

1. Acute bronchitis

Viral infections frequently cause acute bronchitis, which usually goes away on its own in a few weeks. Treatment usually doesn't require medical intervention in most circumstances. Given the airway irritation and mucus accumulation, this acute condition causes coughing. Still, it often goes away on its own and allows infected individuals to heal on their own in a short period. Therefore, no unique treatments are generally required.

2. Chronic bronchitis

A dry cough producing mucus on most days for three months straight or more than two years is a sign of chronic bronchitis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis usually coexist. If you have been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, consult your healthcare provider about getting tested for COPD. Treating respiratory illnesses such as COPD early on is essential by detecting any possible problems and managing them properly.

Conclusion

Both types of bronchitis, i.e. acute and chronic bronchitis, can cause respiratory problems; the former usually goes away on its own, while the latter may be a sign of COPD. Health insurance plans are critical in providing comprehensive care by guaranteeing access to necessary tests and treatments for controlling different forms of bronchitis and minimising long-term effects on respiratory health.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

PID, or pelvic inflammatory disease, refers to infections in the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries, mainly caused by sexually transmitted infection (STI). PID usually gets transmitted through sexual intercourse. Checking abdominal discomfort and unusual discharge helps in the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease. Further, if you have health insurance, thorough pelvic tests become easily accessible, ensuring timely discovery and treatment of such conditions.

What is the Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

Medical professionals perform several tests and procedures to detect and confirm the presence of PID. The following comprise the crucial steps:

• A medical history examination is needed to diagnose PID correctly and quickly. This evaluation reviews reported symptoms, sexual activity, and overall health.
• A pelvic exam helps in the diagnosis of PID by looking for discomfort or abscesses in the reproductive organs.
• Vaginal culture tests help diagnose PID by identifying certain bacteria in discharge.
• Blood and urine tests are performed to evaluate general health and rule out illnesses linked to PID-like symptoms.
• Ultrasound imaging is conducted to obtain a more precise view of the reproductive system, which assists in the diagnosis of PID.
• Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) associated with PID is conducted to enable thorough evaluation for an accurate diagnosis.
• An endometrial biopsy analyses uterine tissue to confirm and fine-tune PID diagnosis.

Conclusion

Various tests and examinations need to be conducted to diagnose PID to enable accurate and immediate treatment. Health insurance makes it much easier to access necessary diagnostic tests such as imaging, pelvic examinations, and cultures. Health insurance plan makes possible the early diagnosis of PID, successful treatment, and avoidance of potential long-term problems that could affect reproductive health.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection in the female reproductive organs, usually resulting from sexually transmitted bacteria moving from the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. If left untreated, early-stage pelvic inflammatory disease can cause serious long-term consequences. However, PID treatment, including antibiotics recommended by your doctor or a sexual health clinic, may be covered by health insurance.

What is the Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

Prompt medical intervention can successfully treat the infection-causing PID. However, pelvic inflammatory disease treatment typically results in a permanent scar or reproductive tract damage. The treatment process primarily involves:

1. Antibiotics

Medical professionals usually start antibiotic medication for PID treatment right away, frequently in combination, while waiting for the results of lab tests. The prescription may need to be changed depending on the pathogenic organisms. The effectiveness of the therapy is ensured by follow-up appointments within three days. Follow the antibiotic regimen to the end, even if your symptoms go away quickly.

2. Treatment of Partners

Considering that some infected partners may not exhibit any symptoms, it is important to check and treat partners to prevent reinfection.

3. Avoid Sexual Activity

To avoid more problems or the infection spreading, avoid engaging in sexual activity until after therapy is finished and all symptoms have subsided.

4. Hospitalisation in Certain Situations

Hospitalisation may be required in cases of pregnancy, severe sickness, suspected abscess, or poor response to oral therapy. Patients admitted to hospitals may first take antibiotics through intravenous injection, and thereafter, receive antibiotics directly.

5. Rare Surgical Operations

During surgery, it could be necessary to drain cysts that could burst or are in danger of bursting. Though surgery is rare, it may be required if antibiotics have failed or if the diagnosis of PID is unclear since the condition's normal symptoms are absent.

Conclusion

Early and thorough treatment is essential when the concern is pelvic inflammatory disease. This includes using antibiotics, including partners, and, if required, undergoing surgery or being admitted to the hospital. It is important to address PID early to prevent long-term reproductive health issues, even if health insurance plan frequently covers medication expenses. This highlights the need for affordable health services for complete PID treatment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Inflammation of the upper genital tract, which usually occurs from underlying bacterial or virus infection in the genitals, is known as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). If the infection in the genitals is left untreated, it can travel upwards and cause inflammation in other reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. 

This article explores the causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in detail.

What are the causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?    

A majority of PID cases emerge from the transmission of infecting agents from the cervix to the upper part of the female reproductive tract. Upon reaching the tract, the infection can cause severe inflammation and scarring of tissues and organs. PID can also cause partial or total damage and obstruction to the fallopian tubes, rendering conception very difficult. The primary cause of PID is bacterial or viral infection, which can be transmitted to sexual partners.   

The following are the major PID causes:

• Infection by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis
• Infection by some other cervical microbes, including Mycoplasma, E. coli, Staphylococcus, etc.,
• Viruses such as the Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) that causes many sexually transmitted diseases may also cause PID
• Sexual intercourse with an infected person
• Infection at the time of childbirth, miscarriage, pelvic surgery, tubal ligation, or during the implantation of Intrauterine Devices (IUD) can cause PID

Conclusion

Lack of proper medical attention after an infection can induce the onset of PID. This disease can be avoided by refraining from unhealthy means of sexual intercourse and maintaining vaginal hygiene. Assessing the symptoms of vaginal infection and going for early treatment can prevent PID. Various tests and surgery options are available to manage this condition properly. That may involve substantial medical bills, but you can tide over such a phase by opting for a sound health insurance plan.    

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammatory disease of the upper genital tract in females, which includes the reproductive organs such as ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes. This disease is generally a complication of other untreated sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in the genital areas. 

What are the Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?         

PID mainly gets transmitted through sexual intercourse. However, there are reports that other medical conditions may also cause the condition. Infection begins at the vagina and spreads to the upper part of the genital tract, causing inflammation, scarring, and even damage to the reproductive organs. PID can also occur from sexual intercourse with multiple partners, intrauterine device implantation, PID history, advanced age, tubal ligation, etc. Early PID symptoms include lower abdominal pain, which may go on to become severe and include the following:

• Lower abdominal/tummy pain
• Pelvic pain and discomfort
• Vaginal discharge, which can be white, yellow, or green-coloured and smelly
• Vaginal bleeding
• Pain during sexual intercourse or dyspareunia
• Persistent or intermittent genital pain
• Pain while passing out urine
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Bleeding in between periods

Conclusion

The diagnosis of PID mainly depends on clinical presentation and laboratory tests. Early pelvic inflammation symptoms may also include pelvic pain, particularly pain during intercourse. PID can be treated without damaging the reproductive organs with proper and timely medical intervention. Notably, the financial burden incurred in PID treatment can be better managed if you opt for a sound health insurance policy.    

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Genital warts (also known as venereal warts) represent a type of sexually transmitted infection that occurs from Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A soft, hollow outgrowth appears over and around the genital area that usually does not hurt but may be painful when touched and cause itching. 

What are the Symptoms of Genital Warts? 

Genital warts are transmitted sexually and appear like whitish or skin colour bumps on the affected area. It may appear as a single wart or as a cluster of 5-10 warts at a place. In males, genital warts can appear in areas such as the penis, scrotum, groin, thighs, and inside and around the anus. In females, they can appear inside and outside the vagina, cervix, vulva, and inside and around the anus. Genital warts may also appear in the mouth or throat of individuals who have had oral sex with an infected person.  

Early infection is hard to identify as it may be asymptomatic. Here are some common venereal wart symptoms: 

• Itching
• Vaginal discharge in females
• Bleeding in the affected area
• Burning sensation
• Pain, particularly if the warts are large 

Conclusion

Genital warts sometimes go away on their own, but the infectious virus usually remains and can cause several outbreaks in the future. Early anogenital wart symptoms typically include itching and burning sensations that can further progress into a severe outbreak. Topical treatment of these warts with creams and surgery is a well-known medical intervention. Nevertheless, healthcare professionals always advise patients to go for a good health insurance policy to manage treatment costs that may exceed expectations if complications arise.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Haemorrhoids, or piles, affect many people, with the trigger being the veins in the anus or the lower part of the rectum getting swollen and inflamed. This swelling can lead to bleeding and discomfort. Haemorrhoids can be either inside or outside the anal canal and can form a hard and painful lump sometimes. The condition is not a severe medical problem, but it can drastically interfere with your self-esteem and daily activities.

Now, let's look into what causes piles so that we remain better informed about the condition. 

What are the Causes of Haemorrhoids?

1. Straining During Bowel Movements: Your bowel habits matter. Straining while passing stool, often from constipation, increases pressure on the blood vessels in the rectal area, one of the leading piles causes.

2. Chronic Constipation or Diarrhoea: Consistent difficulty with bowel movements, whether due to chronic constipation or frequent episodes of diarrhoea, can be a contributing factor. Both extremes disrupt the body’s natural balance and strain the rectal veins.

3. Sedentary Lifestyle: If you sit for prolonged periods, especially on the toilet, you may be at a higher risk. A sedentary lifestyle hampers blood circulation, and can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids.

4. Obesity: Carrying extra weight adds tension to the pelvic and rectal veins. Obesity is a known risk factor for haemorrhoids, and keeping a healthy weight can lower this risk.

5. Pregnancy and Childbirth: Ladies, do take note. The pressure exerted on the pelvic area during pregnancy and childbirth can lead to haemorrhoids. Hormonal changes also play a role in weakening the rectal vein walls.

6. Genetic Predisposition: Your family history matters. If your parents or close relatives have had haemorrhoids, the condition can make you genetically predisposed and, hence, more susceptible.

7. Age: Ageing can weaken the connective tissues in the rectal area. As you age, the risk of haemorrhoids may increase.

8. Heavy Lifting: Engaging in frequent heavy lifting, especially without proper techniques, can strain abdominal and pelvic muscles, potentially leading to the development of haemorrhoids.

9. Chronic Liver Disease: Liver conditions such as cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension, increasing pressure in the veins connected to the liver. This elevated pressure can extend to the rectal veins, contributing to haemorrhoid formation.

10. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, categorised under IBD, can contribute to inflammation in the rectal area, potentially leading to haemorrhoids.

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, can affect anyone regardless of sex, age, sex, or ethnicity. The condition occurs when the veins in the anus and rectum become inflamed and swollen. They can cause discomfort, pain, itching, and bleeding.

Haemorrhoids are primarily of two types: internal and external. Internal haemorrhoids form inside the rectum and may not show any symptoms initially. However, they can bleed or protrude through the anus, which is a condition known as prolapsed haemorrhoids. The external type forms under the skin around the anus and can be painful, itchy, and may cause swelling. They can also rupture and bleed, leading to irritation.

Let's learn about haemorrhoids disease symptoms in detail.

What are the Symptoms of Haemorrhoids?

The most visible symptoms of haemorrhoid are as follows:

1. Rectal Bleeding: One of the primary indicators is noticing dark red blood in the toilet pot or on the toilet paper after a bowel movement. This bleeding is often painless, but you should promptly contact a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.

2. Anal Itching: Persistent itching around the anus can be a sign of this medical condition. The discomfort often may worsen during or after bowel movements.

3. Swelling or Lump: The development of a lump or swelling around the anus can be indicative of external haemorrhoids. 

4. Mucous Discharge: Some individuals with haemorrhoids may experience mucous discharge. This can contribute to a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying.

5. Protrusion During Bowel Movements: A noticeable protrusion may occur during bowel movements in individuals with prolapsed haemorrhoids. Such a protrusion may require manual reduction after the bowel movement is complete.

6. Thrombosis: In some cases, haemorrhoids can develop into blood clots (thrombosis), causing sudden and severe pain. Such clotting may be accompanied by swelling and a bluish discolouration of the skin around the anus.

Pyorrhoea is a severe gum infection that can harm your gums, ligaments, and bones. The condition is also called periodontal disease or gingivitis. The most common reasons you contract this disease are plaque build-up, poor dental hygiene, and bacterial infection.

However, pyorrhoea is not a rare condition. Over a hundred million people in the United States alone suffer from gum disease, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. If you get infected and leave it untreated, pyorrhoea can lead to tooth loss, infection, and other serious health problems.

What are the Symptoms of Pyorrhoea?

1. Bleeding Gums: You may observe bleeding from the gums while brushing or eating. Bleeding is a common and early sign of pyorrhoea and indicates gum inflammation.
2. Persistent Bad Breath: If your breath smells persistently bad, even after routine oral care, it could result from bacterial activity associated with this disease.
3. Swollen Gums: Pay attention to any redness and swelling in your gums. It reflects how your body responds to infection.
4. Loose Teeth: As pyorrhoea progresses, you may feel the uneasy sensation of loose teeth. Such a sensation is a consequence of the damage to the supporting structures of the teeth.
5. Pus Formation: The presence of pus around your teeth and gums indicates infection. Such an infection can manifest as a yellowish discharge and signals an advanced stage of the disease.
6. Sensitive Teeth: Check if you have increased sensitivity to hot or cold substances. If yes, it is another potential pyorrhoea gum disease symptom affecting the tooth's protective layers.
7. Receding Gums: Your gums may start pulling away from the teeth, revealing more of the teeth's surface. This sign also indicates weakening gum health.

Pyorrhoea, or periodontitis, is a significant infection that damages the gums, ligaments, and bones. It stems from the accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth and gums, providing a habitat for harmful bacteria. These bacteria produce toxins and acids, irritating the gums and triggering an erosion of the underlying bone structure. Pyorrhoea manifests with several symptoms, including swollen, red, bleeding, or receding gums, bad breath, loose teeth, discomfort while chewing, pus discharge, and bone loss.

Let’s discuss the cure for pyorrhoea in some detail. 

What is the Treatment of Pyorrhoea?

Pyorrhoea can be treated using various methods, depending on the stringency and extent of the infection. Some of the standard treatment methods include:

1. Scaling and root planing: This is a procedure through which the dentist eliminates the plaque and tartar from the teeth and their roots and smoothens the rough surfaces to prevent further accumulation of bacteria.

2. Antibiotics: These drugs help kill the bacteria and reduce inflammation and infection in the gums and bone.

3. Flap surgery: The procedure involves gum elevation, thorough cleaning of the infected areas, and subsequent suturing to reposition the gums.

4. Bone and tissue grafts: These procedures entail the replacement of lost bone and gum tissue, with the dentist using either artificial or natural materials. The aim is to restore the structure and functionality of both teeth and gums.

Taking care of your gums is vital for supporting overall oral health, and one condition that can affect them is pyorrhoea. This disease is categorised into aggressive and necrotising periodontitis. The former is common in young people and is defined by rapid and extensive gum recession and bone loss, which may cause tooth loss at an early age. The latter affects those with compromised immune systems and is accompanied by severe pain, bleeding, and infection.

To help you understand better what pyorrhoea is caused by, let’s have a clear understanding of this disease.

What are the Causes of Pyorrhoea?

Pyorrhoea is caused by the following factors:

1. Poor oral hygiene practices: If you do not brush and floss regularly, it can lead to the accumulation of plaque. Plaque is a gummy film of bacteria on your teeth that can contribute to pyorrhoea development.

2. Tobacco use: The risk of developing pyorrhoea is higher if you smoke or consume tobacco products. Nicotine constricts blood vessels; it limits oxygen and nutrients to the gums and fosters bacterial growth.

3. Genetic factors: Some may be genetically vulnerable to gum diseases, including pyorrhoea. If your family has a history of gum issues, you may have a higher susceptibility.

4. Systemic diseases: Health issues such as diabetes and cardiovascular ailments are linked to an increased risk of pyorrhoea. These systemic issues compromise the body's ability to fight infections, impacting gum health.

5. Hormonal changes: Women may experience increased vulnerability to gum diseases during hormonal fluctuations, such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.

6. Nutritional deficiencies: Insufficient consumption of essential nutrients, especially vitamin C, can jeopardise the immune system, increasing the vulnerability to gum infections such as pyorrhoea.

7. Certain medications: Some medications, such as anti-hypertensives and antipsychotics, may contribute to a dry mouth, reducing saliva production. Saliva helps protect the gums, and its deficiency can facilitate bacterial growth.

8. Chronic stress: High stress levels can weaken the immune system and make it challenging for your body to combat infections, including those affecting the gums.

Exotic fruits have always piqued people's interest, particularly those with striking shades and unusual shapes. When someone comes across a dragon fruit for the first time, its looks immediately draw that person's attention. Dragon fruit has white flesh with tiny black seeds, and its skin is a beautiful pink colour with green scales, hence the name. You may not have tried it, but you must have heard of this exotic fruit. The dragon fruit's silky, crunchy texture and sweet and refreshing flavour will delight you pleasantly. You do some research online and discover that the dragon fruit is also packed with nutrition.

Let's discuss the benefits of dragon fruit in some detail. 

What are the Health Benefits of Dragon Fruit?

1. Highly Nutritious: You are in for a treat when you eat this fruit. Not only does it delight your tongue with its sweet and tangy flavour, but it also nourishes your body with vital nutrients. Dragon fruit is a powerhouse of vitamin C, iron, and magnesium. And if you want to boost your gut health, dragon fruit has you covered. It has prebiotic fibres, which feed the good bacteria in your intestines, enhancing the digestion process. 

But that is not all. Dragon fruit also contains antioxidants, such as betalains and flavonoids. They shield your body cells from damage.

And if you want to boost your gut health, dragon fruit has you covered. It has prebiotic fibres, which feed the good bacteria in your intestines, enhancing the digestion process. 

2. Fights Chronic Diseases: Dragon fruit can serve as an ally against chronic diseases. It helps ward off cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. You risk contracting these life-threatening diseases when your body accumulates excess free radicals. Free radicals are harmful molecules that have the potential to damage your cells, induce inflammation, and cause oxidative stress. 

Antioxidants, like those found in dragon fruit, can neutralize these free radicals and protect your cells from harm. 

3. Promotes Gut Health: One vital benefit of dragon fruit is boosting your gut health. Your gut is not just a place where food is processed. It is also a complex ecosystem of bacteria that affects your health. Gut bacteria help you break down food, make vitamins, and protect you from harmful invaders. But sometimes, an imbalance leads to digestive troubles, such as gas, cramps, or loose stool. Dragon fruit can help you maintain a healthy gut flora by providing prebiotic fibres, such as oligosaccharides, that nourish the good bacteria in your intestines.

4. Promotes Skin Health: Dragon fruit can help you maintain healthy and beautiful skin by promoting hydration, wound healing, and anti-ageing effects. Dragon fruit can also boost the production of collagen, the protein that essentially gives your skin its firmness and elasticity.

Coriander, the aromatic herb, is a powerhouse of antioxidants with multiple health perks. Coming from the Coriandrum sativum plant, it is closely related to parsley, carrots, and celery in the botanical family. Lowering blood sugars, fighting infections, and promoting heart, brain, skin, and digestive health are among its many virtues.

People add coriander to soups, salsas, and dishes in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Asian cuisines, such as curries and masalas. The leaves are used whole, and the seeds are dried or ground.

This article explores the health benefits of coriander seeds and the ways in which you can include this ancient spice in your diet. So, let us start!

Nutritional Value of Coriander Seeds

The simplest way to know about the health benefits of coriander seed is to look at its nutritional value.

This table covers the nutrient contents per 100 gm of coriander seeds.

You will get 298 Kcal of energy from 100 grams of coriander seeds.

Health Benefits of Coriander Seeds

Packed with several nutrients, coriander seeds have many health benefits that are listed below-

1. Can improve blood sugar regulation

High blood sugar raises the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Coriander seeds, extract, and essences may help lower such sugar levels. Caution is advised for those with low blood sugar or on diabetes medication, as coriander may significantly lower blood sugar levels.

2. Boost immunity with antioxidants

Coriander is rich in antioxidants, which help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

3. May have a positive effect on heart health

Coriander may help protect your heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing LDL (bad) cholesterol levels while increasing HDL or good cholesterol. Including plenty of spices in your diet reduces the risk of heart disease.

4. Maintains brain health

Coriander's anti-inflammatory properties may protect against brain disorders. In a study on rats, coriander demonstrated potential in protecting nerve cells from seizues. The result indicated coriander’s potential in anxiety management comparable to Diazepam in animal studies. However, human research is needed for further confirmation.

5. Support for digestion and gut health

Coriander seed oil can promote and support good digestion, alleviating discomfort such as bloating often experienced by individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The seed oil may also enhance appetite in certain individuals and help relieve the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

6. Combat infections

Coriander contains antimicrobial compounds that may assist in fighting infections and foodborne illnesses, including Salmonella. In a test-tube study, coriander seeds, along with other Indian spices, were found effective against bacteria causing urinary tract infections.

7. Nurture skin health

One of the health benefits of coriander seeds is that they take care of the skin, addressing mild rashes, including dermatitis. Some use coriander leaf juice for skin conditions such as acne, pigmentation, oiliness, or dryness. However, research on these uses is limited at the moment.

8. Easy to include in your diet

While every part of the Coriandrum sativum plant is edible, its seeds and leaves have distinct flavours. Coriander seeds have an earthy taste (used in baked goods, veggies, etc.,), while the leaves, also called cilantro, have an intense, citrus-like flavour, perfect for garnishing salads, noodle dishes, and so on. 

How to Consume Coriander Seeds?

Coriander is a staple ingredient in Indian and Asian cuisines. There are many simple ways in which you can add these seeds to your daily routine-

1.  Coriander Tea: Boil a tablespoon of grounded coriander seeds for 10 minutes, strain, and enjoy a detoxifying and energising tea that aids digestion.

2. Infused Water: Soak a teaspoon of coriander seeds overnight in water and drink the water after straining in the morning on an empty stomach to regulate sugar levels and boost metabolism.

3. Powdered Coriander: Take a few coriander seeds, roast them, and grind them into a powder. Use this powder to spice your soups, curries, and stews.

4. Herbal Remedies: Coriander seeds can be combined with other spices, such as fennel and cumin, to create teas and infused water that helps with cramps, bloating, and other stomach-related issues.

5. Cooking with Coriander: You can add whole coriander or its powder to your bread, roasts, and pickles for added taste and health benefits.

Conclusion

With its pleasant aroma and abundant antioxidants, coriander is a versatile herb known for its culinary use and health-promoting properties. While following a healthy diet, including beneficial spices, fruits, and vegetables, can help you stay healthy, having a health insurance policy is also essential to deal with unforeseen medical emergencies.  It provides access to quality healthcare for a resilient and worry-free life.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared. 

Indians, known for their love for food, hold a special place for fennel seeds (Saunf) after meals. The digestive benefits of fennel are well-appreciated, making it a popular choice for post-meal freshness and digestion. However, these seeds go beyond refreshment and play a vital role in Indian medicine and cuisine. India stands tall as one of the top exporters of fennel seeds.

These nice-smelling seeds come from a plant called Foeniculum vulgare, primarily found in India and the Mediterranean region. They contain good things in them that help enhance your well-being. The article explores the various benefits of fennel seeds to overall health.

What are the Health Benefits of Fennel Seeds?

1. Fight Bad Breath 

Of the many benefits of fennel seeds, one is the ability to overpower bad breath, which can be chronic, serious, and also a minor issue. It usually develops from bacteria build-up inside the mouth. Germ build-up initiates whenever an individual eats or drinks anything except water. These bacteria cause the decay of food substances in the mouth, causing the odour. Fennel seeds contain a special oil that fights bacteria in the mouth and makes your breath fresh. The sweet seeds make your mouth produce more saliva, killing harmful bacteria. Chewing 5 to 10 seeds is an easy home remedy to fight bad breath.

2. Boost Digestion

Fennel seed essential oils aid digestion by enhancing the production of digestive juices. The oils contain substances with anti-cancer properties, such as anethole, fenchone, and estragole, which ease constipation, indigestion, and bloating. Fennel tea supports digestive health, and the seeds' high-fibre content improves digestion, benefiting heart health. Enjoy the benefits of fennel seeds for overall well-being, including improving eyesight, treating hypertension, regulating appetite, preventing glaucoma, encouraging urination, boosting metabolism, etc.

3. Regulate Blood Pressure

Fennel seeds are rich in potassium, which helps balance the fluid in your blood. This keeps your heart rate and blood pressure in control. Studies have shown that fennel seeds increase the nitrite content in saliva, a natural element that regulates blood pressure. The potassium in fennel seeds helps negate the ill-effects of sodium and restores water balance. You can chew fennel seeds to help maintain healthy potassium levels in the body. Dried fennel powder can be mixed in water and consumed on an empty stomach. The seeds can also be used to make fennel tea, which is a delicious drink.

4. Reduce the Impact of Asthma and Respiratory Ailments

Fennel is good for your breathing. The phytonutrients in fennel seeds help clear the sinuses. These small seeds relax the airways, reducing symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, and congestion. Asthma can cause lead to conditions such as coughing, congestion, and bronchitis, and fennel’s expectorant properties can be of significant help to the symptoms associated with these conditions.

5. Support Breastfeeding 

The presence of anethole in fennel seeds stimulates galactagogues, promoting better milk production. A galactagogue is a food that is believed to enhance the production of breast milk. Studies indicate that anethole acts similarly to the oestrogen hormone, fostering lactation. Anethole is an organic compound widely used for its aromatic properties. It is found chiefly in essential oils such as that of fennel.

6. Help prevent cancer

Many studies suggest fennel seeds may prevent cancer due to their anti-cancer properties. The antioxidants in fennel fight the pathogens known to promote cancer. However, an important thing to note here is that fennel consumption should be moderate. Besides fennel seeds, you should also use other herbs to add aroma to your culinary preparations.

COPD is a term used to describe a group of lung diseases, like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. All these conditions cause the affected person’s airways to narrow, which traps air in the lungs and makes it very difficult to breathe. COPD affects many people around the world, and is one of the leading causes of death. In this article, we will explore some of the common forms of COPD treatment that help manage this respiratory condition.

Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD treatment is done based on the type and severity of the disease, whether it's mild or advanced. 

1. The most essential step in any COPD treatment plan is to quit smoking. Stopping smoking will prevent your disease from getting worse and reduce your ability to breathe.

2. Medications are involved in the treatment that needs to be taken regularly. Bronchodilators are medications taken using inhalers — they relax the muscles around your airways.  

Examples of short-acting bronchodilators include:

• Albuterol
• Ipratropium
• Levalbuterol

Examples of long-acting bronchodilators include:

• Aclidinium
• Arformoterol 
• Formoterol 
• Indacaterol 
• Tiotropium
• Salmeterol 
• Umeclidinium 

3. Inhaled steroids

Inhaled corticosteroid medications can help descrease inflammation in the airways and help prevent flair-ups. Examples of inhaled steroids include:

•  Fluticasone 
•  Budesonide 

4. Combination inhalers

Some medications combine bronchodilators and inhaled steroids. Examples of these combination inhalers include:

• Fluticasone and vilanterol 
• Fluticasone, umeclidinium, and vilanterol 
• Formoterol and budesonide 
• Salmeterol and fluticasone 
• Aclidinium and formoterol
• Albuterol and ipratropium 

5. Oral steroids are also given to patients who are in their periods when their condition gets worse. However, long-term use can cause side effects.     

6. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, Theophylline, and antibiotics are oral medications used as oral supplements to treat COPD. 

7. Lung therapies: Doctors often use additional therapies for people with moderate to severe COPD, like Lung Therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs

8. In-home noninvasive ventilation therapy:  Recent research supports in-hospital use of breathing devices such as bilevel-positive airway pressure (BiPAP), but some research now supports the benefit of its use at home. 

9. Severe forms of COPD treatment include three types of surgery, i.e., Lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplant, and bullectomy.

Sesame seeds are oil-rich, tiny seeds that grow inside pods. They are harvested from the Sesame indicum plant. Sesame seeds have been known for their medicinal value since ancient times. They harbour high quantities of oil and have an enticing flavour. Given the rich flavour of sesame seeds, they are used in various dishes – both Indian and international. They also contain some unique phytochemicals that make them good candidates for medicinal use. This article explores the medicinal properties and benefits of sesame seeds, known as ‘til’ in Hindi.

What are the Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds?

The seeds are a good source of fibre and have properties that may help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. And that makes them an excellent choice of food to be included in your diet for overall well-being.

1. Rich fibre content: Three tablespoons of sesame seeds can fulfill 12% of the daily fibre requirement. Fibre is essential to maintaining good digestive health and reducing the risk of heart-related diseases, diabetes, and cancer.

2. Ability to lower cholesterol and triglycerides: Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease. In many studies, consumption of sesame seeds has been found to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

3. Plant protein source: Proteins play various roles in the body, including muscle building and hormone formation, and are, therefore, essential to maintaining good health. 30 grams of sesame seeds provide approximately 5 grams of protein.

4. Reduce blood pressure: The high magnesium content in sesame seeds is essential in controlling blood pressure. Other components, such as lignans, vitamin E, and antioxidants, prevent plaque development and maintain healthy arteries. Other components, such as lignans, vitamin E, and antioxidants, prevent the development of plaque and maintain healthy arteries.

5. Maintain bone health: The calcium in the sesame seeds' hull can contribute to maintaining bone health.
6. Anti-inflammatory properties: Chronic inflammation can give rise to chronic diseases such as cancer, heart ailments, and kidney problems. Studies have shown that sesame seeds and flaxseeds have anti-inflammatory properties because a compound called sesamin is present in them.
7. Rich source of vitamin B complex: Sesame seeds contain some B vitamins. Thiamine, niacin, and vitamin B6 are found in the hull and the seeds.

Sesame seeds also play a crucial role in blood cell formation, controlling blood sugar levels, and are a rich source of antioxidants.