When it comes to women’s health, one condition that is often not discussed enough is endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer, a type of uterine cancer has become a health concern and hence awareness regarding it is crucial. In this article, we will understand what is endometrial cancer, what are endometrial cancer causes, its stages and the risk factors associated with it. We will also understand the type of endometrial cancer and look at its treatment options and how it can be prevented.

What is endometrial cancer?

Endometrial cancer, a form of uterine cancer, originates in the endometrium – the inner lining of the uterus. As per the data provided by the National Cancer Institute, (NCI), it is believed that 3 out of every 100 women are at risk of being diagnosed with uterine cancer once in their lifetime. While talking about the survival rate, 80 percent of women survive for 5 years or even more after receiving the treatment. Thus, early detection and diagnosis increase the chances of recovery from endometrial cancer.

Symptoms of endometrial cancer

Abnormal vaginal bleeding stands out as the predominant symptom linked to endometrial cancer. Further symptoms include:

• Changes in menstrual cycle flow and length
• Bleeding or spotting occurring between menstrual periods
• Vaginal bleeding after menopause

Some other symptoms include:

• Pain during intercourse
• Unexplained weight loss
• Discomfort experienced in the pelvic and lower abdominal regions
• Blood-tinged or watery discharge from the vagina

If one experiences any of the above listed symptoms then do consult a doctor. At times these may not be a sign of serious issues but to be on the safer side a consultation is ideal.

Menopause or other non-cancerous issues can cause bleeding in the vagina. Though in some cases it is associated with endometrial cancer and other gynecological cancer.

It is your doctor only who can identify the cause and put you on the right treatment.

Causes of endometrial cancer

The exact endometrial cancer causes are still unknown. Experts attribute it to the changes occurring in the hormone levels of estrogen and progesterone as they affect the endometrium. The increased levels of estrogen cause the endometrial cells to multiply and divide.

Genetic mutations occurring in the endometrial cells can cause them to rapidly grow and transform into tumours.

There are numerous studies being conducted to understand what causes normal endometrial cells to convert into cancer cells.

Risk factors associated with endometrial cancer

Age is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. According to reports, people under the age group of 45 to 75 are more prone to be affected by endometrial cancer.
A number of other factors are also connected with the increased risk of endometrial cancer. These include changes seen in the level of sex hormones of the woman, certain medical conditions, family history of cancer, obesity, and more. Let’s discuss some of these factors further:
1. Hormone levels
Female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are mainly responsible for the health of the endometrium. Drastic increases in the production of these hormones can increase the risk of being diagnosed with endometrial cancer.
2. Patient medical history
A woman’s medical history is also known to have an effect on the sex hormone leading to higher chances of developing endometrial cancer, including:
● Longer years of menstruation and early menarche or late menopause increase endometrial cancer risk.
● Lack of pregnancies heightens risk, especially with infertility-related issues.
● Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) elevates risk due to hormonal imbalances
● Granulosa cell tumors in ovaries releasing estrogen raise endometrial cancer risk
3. Medication:
Medications like estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or tamoxifen can impact hormone balance. Tamoxifen, used for breast cancer, may increase endometrial cancer risk.
4. Birth control
Birth control pills lower endometrial cancer risk, with longer use offering greater protection. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are linked to reduced endometrial cancer risk.
5. Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia is a disorder where the lining of the uterus becomes thick but it cannot be termed cancerous. At times it goes away on its own, and in other cases it can be treated with HRT or surgery. Endometrial hyperplasia, when not treated, can turn into endometrial cancer. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is known to be the most common symptom of endometrial hyperplasia.
6. Obesity
People who are obese and have extra weight are more at risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes which is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Higher the chances of obesity in people having type 2 diabetes, the more they are prone to endometrial cancer.
7. History of cancer
Your chances of developing endometrial cancer are much higher if other members of the family have had it. Moreover, a family history of Lynch syndrome also increases the chances of developing cancer. Having suffered from breast cancer or ovarian cancer raises your risk of endometrial cancer. Also, radiation therapy on the pelvis increases your chances of having endometrial cancer.
One should be cautious about these risk factors also. In some cases, people who have been identified as suffering from certain factors may never develop endometrial cancer and on the other hand, people who never showed any risk factors may develop endometrial cancer.

Lymphoma is the general term for a group of blood cancers that occurs in our lymphatic system. This vital system is made up of a network of tissues, vessels and organs that helps in fighting infections in our body. This cancer is also known as blood cancer, as it starts in the white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the lymphatic system. A specific reason for the occurrence of lymphoma and related cancer cannot be attributed to any specific cause and the research continues. In this article, we will explore what is lymphoma, its causes, treatment options and more.

What is lymphoma?

Lymphoma, a type of cancer, affects the lymphatic system that plays a vital role in defending the body against infection.  This type of cancer can quickly metastasize or spread to different tissues and organs like the liver, bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lungs. It can occur at any age, but the most commonly reported cases of lymphoma are of children and young adults aged 15-24 years. There are 2 main types of lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common type that develops from B and T lymphocytes (cells) present in the lymph nodes or tissues throughout the body. Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the immune system that involves abnormal large B lymphocytes that usually moves from one lymph node to an adjacent one.

Symptoms of lymphoma

The most common lymphoma symptoms can include:

• Swelling of one or more lymph nodes that does not cause pain
• High fever persisting for a longer period without infection
• Unexplained weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Persistent fatigue or tiredness
• Sweaty nights
• Unusual itching
• Shortness of breath
• Cough and chest pain
• Swelling in armpits, neck or abdomen
• Bruising or Bleeding

Causes of Lymphoma

Doctors do not understand the real lymphoma causes. However, there are certain factors that can increase our risk of developing lymphoma. These include:

• Genetics: Disease-fighting white blood cells go through genetic mutation and continue to multiply in the lymphatic fluid. As a result, cancer spreads to the patient's lymph nodes, liver and spleen.
• Viral disease: There is an increased risk of acquiring lymphoma after exposure to certain viruses including HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and Epstein-Barr (causes mononucleosis) Virus.
• Weak immune system: A person would be at higher risk of developing lymphoma if their immune system is weakened by other conditions or medical treatments. For example, people who undergo organ transplantation and have to take immunosuppressant medication to keep their bodies from rejecting the transplanted organ would have a weak immune system.
• Autoimmune disease: Individuals with autoimmune diseases have an increased susceptibility to blood cancer, a condition in which the body mistakenly targets its own cells. Conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease are associated with a heightened risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

How is Lymphoma diagnosed?

To diagnose lymphoma in a suspected patient, a doctor will perform a biopsy by removing cells from an enlarged lymph node which is then sent to a hematopathologist for examination. The other tests to diagnose lymphoma are:

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: This technique involves the use of powerful X-rays that create detailed pictures inside the body
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET): This scan is done to acquire a three-dimensional image, to look for lymphoma in the bone marrow.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging: It is a powerful technique that uses magnets and radio waves to acquire images of the lymph nodes.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: Bone marrow biopsy, in which a small amount of liquid is taken from the bone marrow, is done to identify if cells present in the bone marrow are cancerous or not.
• Gland Biopsy: It involves the biopsy of lymph nodes or tissue of the nearby cells
• Ultrasound: In this method, high-energy sound waves are used to create echoes that form a picture of the abdominal organs.
• Lumbar puncture: This is performed where a small amount of fluid from the spine is removed and tested for cancer cell growth.

Ovarian cancer is a form of cancer that is not often talked about. It is a type of cancer that grows in the ovaries, which are the main part of the female reproductive system. Women who are diagnosed with this form of cancer often do not exhibit any symptoms in the early stages of the disease, which can make it difficult to catch. Unfortunately, this also means that the cancer has typically spread to other parts of the body by the time it is detected, making it more difficult to treat successfully. While the thought can be scary, it is important to understand the various ovarian cancer symptoms, in order to catch it as early as possible. In this article, we'll explore everything you need to know about ovarian cancer- from risk factors and symptoms to ovarian cancer stages diagnosis, treatments, and more. We hope our insights leave you feeling educated and empowered in your battle against ovarian cancer!

What is ovarian cancer?

Women have two ovaries which are an important part of the female reproductive system. Ovaries are located on each side of the uterus and produce eggs and hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer can start in one or both ovaries, when abnormal cells grow and multiply out of control and even in the abdominal lining, called the peritoneum. Like other cancers, ovarian cancer can invade and grow spreading to other tissues and organs leading to a condition known as metastasis. Epithelial ovarian cancer is reported to be the most common type of ovarian cancer, in which cancer cells start growing on the surface of the ovary.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer-related symptoms are hard to find in its earliest stages, and is often detected in the advanced stage of cancer.  So it is always recommended to consult a gynaecologist in cases of irregular menstruation or any abnormalities related to the female reproductive system. The ovarian cancer symptoms include:

• Vaginal bleeding (not occuring because of menstruation)
• Irregular menstrual periods
• Watery or white vaginal discharge that contains blood
• Urge to urinate frequently
• Discomfort in the pelvic area
• Fullness after eating less amount of food
• Bleeding from the vagina after menopause
• Gastrointestinal problems like bloating
• Swelling in the lower abdomen
• Pain in the lower belly
• Constipation
• Painful intercourse
• Fatigue

Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer

According to studies, there is no particular way to prevent ovarian cancer, but we might be able to reduce the chances of developing this disease by understanding a few risk factors, such as: 

• Women with advancing age between 50 to 79 years are at a higher risk of getting this cancer
• Inherited gene mutations (such as BRCA): The genes that are responsible for ovarian cancer are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), which increase the risk for breast or ovarian cancer. You can consult with your doctor about getting gene testing, especially if the risk runs in your family.
• Certain post-menopausal conditions can trigger the cells of the female reproductive system to mutate, leading to ovarian cancer.
• Birth control: Most studies have found that women using oral contraceptives or taking long-acting progesterone shots every 3 months for birth control have a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer than women who have never used them.
• Being overweight or obese has been directly linked to having a higher risk of developing many cancers, including ovarian cancer.
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy, in which oestrogen combined with progesterone has been used to help relieve symptoms of menopause, have been found to increase the risk of developing cancer.
• Having a family history of endometrial cancer or colorectal cancer can also raise the risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Stages of ovarian cancer

After diagnosing ovarian cancer, healthcare professionals assess its stage and grade to develop an effective treatment plan. There are four ovarian cancer stages, determined by the extent of the disease's spread.

• Stage I: In this ovarian cancer stage, cancer is present in both ovaries and fallopian tubes and in the space around the ovary (called the peritoneal cavity).
• Stage II: In this stage, the cancer is not only in the ovaries but has spread to the uterus and also to other nearby structures in the pelvis.
• Stage III: In this stage, the tumour is 2 centimetres or more in size, and has spread beyond the pelvic area, lymph nodes and it could impact other organs, like the liver and spleen.
• Stage IV: Stage IV cancer is the most severe stage in which the cancer has spread to the inside of organs such as the liver or spleen, and also to the lymph nodes of the groin or into the chest.

Breast cancer can feel like a daunting and overwhelming topic, but understanding the basics of what it is and how to recognize the signs could help you save your own life or that of someone else. In this article, we will go over everything from breast cancer basics, to recognizing symptoms of breast cancer, causes of the disease as well as breaking down stages for diagnosis so that we can all learn more about how to detect this important health issue. Knowing these key facts may not only help those affected by breast cancer but hopefully allow us to take proactive steps towards prevention and early detection. Additionally, the importance of having proper health insurance coverage for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment cannot be overstated. With the right breast cancer insurance policy, many patients are able to receive the best care possible, including important tests such as mammograms, MRIs, and biopsies. 

What is breast cancer? 

Breast cancer originates in the breast tissue, wherein cells mutate and grow out of control, creating a mass of tissue that results in a tumour. Like other cancers, breast cancer cells can grow rapidly, spreading to other tissues and organs leading to a condition known as metastasis. Sometimes, the non-cancerous tissue mass growing in the breast does not spread outside of the breast and is referred to as a benign tumour. This form is usually not life-threatening if treated on time. Some types of breast lumps can be malignant, meaning it can be spread to other body parts. 

Symptoms of breast cancer 

It should be noted that the signs and symptoms of breast cancer can vary for each person based on the type of breast cancer. Breast cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages and usually appears in advanced cancer stages. The signs and symptoms are:

●    A breast lump or thickening which is often non-painful

●    A lump or thickened area in or near the breast or underarms

●    A change in shape, cup size or appearance of the breast

●    Reddish skin on the breast

●    A change in nipple appearance  

●    Abnormal or bloody fluid from the nipple.

●    A blood-stained or clear fluid discharge from the nipple

●    A distinct area on either side of the breast that differs from the other skin area

Levels of pain one may experience 

Pain can be both a symptom of breast cancer itself or a side effect of breast cancer treatment that occurs when nerves or tissues are damaged or inflamed. The frequency of pain increases with the onset and progression of the disease because of which, the sharpness, throbbing, stabbing, aching, tingling, or pinching increases, hampering sleep patterns and the daily performance of the patient which slows down with the spread of the disease.

Causes of breast cancer 

The causes of breast cancer are many, but genetic mutations also play a major role in the occurrence of breast cancer. The genes that are responsible for the occurance of breast cancer are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) which significantly increases the risk for breast or ovarian cancer.

However, researchers have studied several risk factors that may increase the chances of developing breast cancer. These include:

●    Age: Women aged 50 or older are more at risk to get breast cancer than younger women.

●    Sex: Breast cancer can occur in both men and women but the maximum number of cases of breast cancer are reported in women

●    Personal history of cancer: Our odds could go up slightly if we have certain benign breast conditions.

●    Family history: Women who have a family history of breast cancer face an increased risk of developing breast cancer.

How long does COVID-19 virus live on surfaces? Can coronavirus be transferred via grocery items? Should I wash my vegetables in a soap solution? How often do I disinfect surfaces? Should I sun the grocery items I’ve bought? COVID-19 has changed how we perceive things. For example, a quirky, eye-catching door handle or knocker is now just another often touched surface that must be disinfected on the regular. Mundane chores have now acquired a sense of urgency that belies their innocuous nature.

But we aren’t here to help you ace your household chores with a Stepford wife precision for Instagram-worthy results. We’re here with pointers that we hope will help effectively answer (one of) the most pertinent questions – How do I disinfect/sanitise my home to stay safe? Before we begin here are a few things to take note of -

Keep in mind the following difference:

Cleaning v/s Disinfecting

Cleaning means clearing contaminants from the surface.

Process of disinfecting helps in getting rid of harmful pathogens.

Essentials you’ll need:

Disinfecting wipes, disinfectant sprays, disposable or reusable gloves, detergent, 70% isopropyl alcohol solution, bleach

Frequency

Set up a task-list and prioritise high-touch surfaces such as door knobs, handles, toilets, kitchen countertop, and faucets should be cleaned and disinfected routinely. While COVID-19 transmission occurs mainly through respiratory droplets, surface transmission can also take place. Early evidence suggests that the coronavirus can live on surfaces. Hence, cleaning surfaces or things that you or your family may be touching frequently becomes imperative. A publication by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas mentions, “Coronaviruses are surrounded by a lipid membrane and have a single-stranded RNA genome. This is important because the lipid membrane is very sensitive to soap and the RNA genome is very sensitive to UV light. In general, these are very sensitive microorganisms that don’t survive a long time without a host.” Ergo, frequent disinfection and cleaning goes a long way in keeping the virus at bay.

Here’s how to go about sanitizing your home

Let’s scratch sanitise the surface

As mentioned previously, Table tops, handles, the kitchen slab, children’s toys are all areas that require frequent cleaning. According to the CDC, the above should be cleaned using regular household cleaning agents. You can also use a mixture of soap and water. Remember to wear disposable gloves when you’re on a cleaning spree. If you’re using reusable gloves for cleaning or disinfecting surfaces for the purpose of COVID-19, set them aside and ensure that you don’t use them for any other task. As per UNICEF guidelines, “It’s important not to wipe cleaning solutions off as soon as you have applied it to a surface. Many disinfectant products, such as wipes and sprays, need to stay wet on a surface for several minutes in order to be effective.”

Cleaning electronics

Keyboards, tablets remotes, mobile phones should all be cleaned frequently using alcohol-based wipes, preferably a make with a high percentage of alcohol content. Make sure to read the manufacturer’s directions and recommendations for cleaning all electronic items. You can also use these wipes to clean board games, something everyone in the family must be making frequent use of considering we’re all homebound these days.

Also read: Life after lockdown: 7 mistakes you should avoid to stay safe from COVID-19

Soft surfaces

Curtains, carpets, sofa covers, bed sheets should be cleaned from time-to-time using warm water, appropriate detergent and a disinfectant. If you have a washing machine at home, wash the items in warm water. Read instructions carefully just in case you have items that may shrink. Do not shake dirty laundry and wash your hands thoroughly after handling dirty laundry. Don’t forget to disinfect the laundry basket too from time to time.

Handling and prepping food

There are some activities that we cannot put a full stop to. A grocery run is one of them. Browsing the shelves, an innocuous activity pre-COVID comes with its own set of risks now. You have no way of knowing who and how many have handled a packet that you’re now loading into your shopping cart. Same goes for food that you may be ordering in. So if you’re returning home post a grocery run or receiving a takeout order from the delivery person, first things first – wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds. Discard the packet you have received your food in. If you’re using a cloth bag (really you should!) for your errands, put it away for wash. Empty the contents of your takeout into clean utensils. Try and limit your errands; buy enough to at least last you a week or two.

Our eyes are one of the most important organs in the human body. They allow us to see the world around us and experience its beauty. However, the importance of our eyes often goes unnoticed until we experience an issue. One such issue is eye cancer, which is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Eye cancer can affect any part of the eye, and early detection is critical for successful treatment. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of eye cancer. We will talk about what eye cancer is, its types, and what causes eye cancer. We will also look at what are the symptoms of eye cancer and some tips that can help reduce the risk of acquiring it. Furthermore, we will delve into treatment options for eye cancer and the overall outlook for those affected.

What is Eye Cancer?

So, what is eye cancer?. Eye cancer, or ocular cancer, refers to the abnormal growth of cells within the eye. It can occur in any of the eye’s three major parts, i.e. the eyeball, the orbit, and the adnexal structures. Let’s understand these parts a bit better.

• The eyeball is filled with a jelly-type fluid called the vitreous humor. It has three layers: the sclera, the uvea, and the retina. The outer wall is termed the sclera. Uvea is responsible for nourishment to the eye. The retina transmits information from the eye to the brain.
• The orbit is the bone and tissue framework around the eye.
• The adnexal structures comprise the eyelids and tear glands.

Eye cancer can occur in any of these parts. Scientists are actively investigating genetic changes within DNA that trigger eye cancer.

Types of Eye Cancer

Eye cancer, though rare, manifests in various forms. They also have a distinctive prevalence across different age groups.

For adults, the most common type is melanoma. Intraocular melanoma starts in the cells that give the eye its color. Uveal melanoma is the most frequent. It accounts for 85% of cases of primary intraocular cancers. Most of these occur in the choroid (middle layer of tissue in the eye wall). Conjunctival melanoma affects the clear layer over the sclera, and is less common among adults.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the next most common eye cancer in adults. It's more likely in people with immune system-related issues.

There are also rare primary eye cancers like orbital and adnexal cancers in adults.

Among children, the main eye cancer is retinoblastoma. A very uncommon type is medulloepithelioma.

Symptoms of Eye Cancer

Let us now understand what the symptoms of eye cancer are. Understanding what the first signs of eye cancer are is crucial for timely detection and prompt treatment. In many cases of eye cancer, individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms until the disease has advanced. However, certain indicators warrant immediate attention from a healthcare professional:

• Blurry or sudden loss of vision
• Tiny floating specks (floaters) or flashes of light
• Partial loss of your visual field
• A growing dark spot on your eye's colored part (iris)
• Changes in pupil size or shape
• Shifts in eyeball position
• Bulging eye appearance
• Altered eye movement

Pain is uncommon in eye cancer unless the tumor is large. Remember, these signs could also be linked to other issues, not just cancer. Healthcare providers use tests like ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound, and fluorescein angiography to diagnose eye cancer.

Bone marrow is one of the most important elements in our bodies, as it plays a vital role in producing blood cells and providing immunity. It also serves as a storehouse for stem cells, which have many potential uses within the medical field. But bone marrow can be affected by certain types of cancer known as "bone marrow cancer". There are different forms of this condition, depending on the bone marrow cell type that turns cancerous. This article will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment of bone marrow cancer.

What is Bone Marrow Cancer?

Bone marrow cancer occurs when cells in the marrow grow abnormally and at an alarming rate. Cancer that begins in the bone marrow is called bone marrow or blood cancer, but it is distinct from bone cancer.

An abnormal multiplication of any of the cells present in the bone marrow, including precursor blood cells, stem cells, or adult cells is considered a diseased condition termed as bone marrow cancer. Since these cells are the major components that make up the blood, any malignancy arising in these cells can affect other parts of the body. The cancer can spread to other organs when the cancerous blood cells get carried to different locations in the body through blood. Hence, bone marrow cancer is considered a malignant form of cancer. It is also known as blood cancer because the malignancy arising in the soft tissue of the bone eventually affects the blood.

Causes of Bone Marrow Cancer

Mutations in the DNA of the cells are the reason for the development of cancer but the exact cause that leads to this change is unknown in many cases. Hence, the precise bone marrow cancer causes are not fully understood. Researchers have identified certain risk factors linked to bone marrow cancer which includes:

• Increasing age
• Radiation exposure
• Family history of the particular bone marrow cancer type
• Exposure to carcinogenic chemicals
• Having other bone marrow-related disorders

Types of Bone Marrow Cancer

There are three main forms of blood cancer depending on the bone marrow cells that have become cancerous. These are:

1. Multiple myeloma: Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells, which is a type of white blood cell. These cells are involved in the production of antibodies that are targeted against antigens. But in multiple myeloma, the malignant plasma cells generate abnormal proteins that cause health complications. The cancerous cells aggregate in the bone marrow, outnumbering the healthy blood cells.
2. Leukemia: Leukemia is a general term to denote the cancer of blood-forming cells. It usually involves the abnormal multiplication of white blood cells. There are mainly two forms of leukemia: lymphocytic leukemia affecting the lymphocytes, and myelogenous leukemia involving myeloid cells.
3. Lymphoma: Cancers that begin in the lymphatic system are categorised under the broad term lymphoma. It arises when the cells of the immune system that are dedicated to fighting off infections, called lymphocytes, grow out of control. This cancer can develop in any part of the lymphatic system, like the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow. It can also metastasise to the liver or kidney. There are two main classifications of lymphoma: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Symptoms of Bone Marrow Cancer

The signs and symptoms of bone marrow cancer vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer. The common indications of multiple myeloma may include:

• Bone pain or fractures
• Feeling exhausted
• Having a high rate of infections due to a shortage of disease-fighting white blood cells
• Change in the frequency of urination
• Excessive thirst
• Confusion as a result of high levels of blood calcium
• Losing body weight for no reason
• Vomiting

The symptoms of leukemia may manifest as:

• Extreme tiredness
• Lack of energy
• Shortness of breath
• Fever accompanied by chills
• Night sweats
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Unexplained loss of weight
• Tiny red dots appearing on the skin
• Easily getting bruises and bleeding
• Bone pain
• Frequently occurring infections

Some of the signs and symptoms that indicate the possibility of having lymphoma are:

• Fever accompanied by chills
• Low energy levels
• Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes
• Swollen underarms, neck, arms, legs, or groin
• Having night sweats
• Experiencing nerve pain
• Having numbness in different body parts
• Having tingling sensation, pain in the chest or lower back
• Itchy rashes appearing on the body
• Feeling of fullness in the stomach.

How is Bone Marrow Cancer Diagnosed?

After carefully analysing the symptoms, the doctor may suggest running certain tests to confirm the diagnosis. This includes a blood test and bone marrow examination. A complete blood cell count is done to evaluate the number of white and red blood cells and platelets. Any abnormal increase in any of these cells may be an indication of blood cancer.

There are two types of bone marrow testing for cancer, which are aspiration and biopsy. In bone marrow aspiration, a small sample of the bone marrow’s liquid part is taken using a needle. This is then examined to check the number of red and white blood cells and platelets. Bone marrow biopsy procedure involves removing a tissue sample from the bone marrow and examining it under the microscope to investigate if the cells are cancerous.

How is Bone Marrow Cancer Treated?

The treatment method adopted for bone marrow cancer varies for each person. It depends upon the type of cancer, stage, the extent of cancerous growth, the patient’s age, and overall health. The common approaches to the treatment of bone marrow cancer include:

• Chemotherapy: In chemotherapy, drugs that can either destroy or arrest the growth of cancer cells are administered to the patient through an intravenous drip or orally.
• Radiation therapy: Radiotherapy employs beams of intense energy ionising radiations, like X-rays or proton radiation to kill the cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Cancer immunotherapy uses substances produced by the body or synthetic ones to enhance the immune system of the patient. This will help the body to identify and destroy the cancer cells. Immunotherapy is used alone or in combination with chemotherapy or other treatment methods.
• Targeted therapy: This treatment uses drugs that can precisely identify and bind to specific proteins in the cancer cells that help them in their growth and survival. The chemical substance then destroys the malignant tissue.
• Stem cell transplant: Stem cell transplant involves the replacement of bone marrow cells destroyed by cancer or cancer treatment with healthy bone marrow stem cells from a donor.

An Outlook Towards Bone Marrow Cancer

The prognosis of bone marrow cancer varies significantly among individuals. It depends on various factors like the type of bone marrow cancer, stage, whether the cancer cells have spread to other body parts, age of the patient, response to treatment, etc. If a patient receives an early diagnosis before the spread of the malignant cells, then they are more likely to respond effectively to the therapies. The cancer cells in such cases can be destroyed and the remission chances remain low. But certain types of bone marrow cancer are so aggressive that treatment may not be effective. The therapies may continue for a longer time with an increased risk of complications occurring.

From speaking to singing and from breathing to swallowing-the throat plays an incredibly important role in how we engage with the world around us. Everyone, regardless of their age, gender or lifestyle, relies on the health of their throat for a range of activities. Taking good care of your throat should be near the top of everyone’s list when considering their overall wellness. Understanding the signs and symptoms of a more serious condition like throat cancer can help ensure that any issue you may have with such a delicate area gets addressed quickly and appropriately. With this in mind, it’s essential that you understand just what impacts your throat’s health and take actionable steps towards looking after it on a daily basis.

What is Throat Cancer?

Throat cancer, in everyday language, refers to cancer that begins in your throat. However, doctors and medical experts prefer to use more precise terms because the throat area can be affected by various types of cancers. When you have medical appointments, your healthcare provider will explain the exact type of cancer you're dealing with using the correct medical terms.

For instance, cancer that starts in the thyroid gland at the front of your neck is called thyroid cancer. Cancer that begins in the tube that typically carries food to your stomach is known as esophageal cancer. Similarly, cancer that originates in the windpipe, also called the trachea, is called tracheal cancer.

Types of Throat Cancer 

The following are some of the most commonly known types of neck cancer.

• Oropharyngeal cancer: This type typically impacts the area situated just behind your mouth. Nasopharyngeal cancer: This typically emerges in the area behind your nose.
• Laryngeal cancer: This cancer refers to tumours forming within your vocal cords. The origin of the cancer can be from different parts of your voice box.
• Glottic cancer: If you encounter glottic cancer, it affects your vocal cords located in the middle of your larynx. Notably, more than half of all laryngeal cancer cases begin in this region.
• Subglottic cancer: This cancer starts beneath your vocal cords, in the lower portion of your voice box. Supraglottic cancer originates in the upper part of your larynx and might typically include the epiglottis; it is the cartilage that prevents food from entering your windpipe.

Symptoms of Throat Cancer

Listed below are some of the most commonly known throat cancer symptoms:

• Keep an eye out for recurring nosebleeds.
• The tumour's presence can affect your voice, making it quieter, huskier, or resembling a perpetual cold.
• Throat cancer can make eating and swallowing painful and difficult, leading to weight loss, a common symptom in various cancer types.
• You might encounter pain or a burning sensation when chewing or swallowing, as the tumour interferes with these actions.

Causes of Throat Cancer

The following are some of the popular risk factors that can potentially become one of the throat cancer reasons.

• If you are a man, you have a 4 to 5 times greater likelihood of developing throat cancer compared to women.
• If you have been exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV) through sexual activity with an infected partner, you are at risk of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.
• While those over 55 years of age face a higher risk, it's crucial to note that even younger individuals can also be affected by these types of cancer.
• If you use tobacco products like cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, or snuff, you need to be aware that these increase your risk of cancer. An astonishing 85% of cancer cases are linked to tobacco use. In addition to direct smoking, exposure to second hand smoke and smoking marijuana can further raise this risk.
• If you have difficulty swallowing and are iron deficient, be aware that you are at a higher risk of throat cancer due to this condition.
• If you happen to frequently consume alcohol in excessive amounts, you are significantly increasing your chances of developing cancer. Combining alcohol with tobacco usage intensifies this risk more.
• If your occupation exposes you to harmful substances like asbestos, wood dust, paint fumes, or specific chemicals, your risk of developing cancer significantly increases.

Your tongue possesses remarkable versatility, carrying out a wide range of tasks. Its impressive mobility allows coordinated functions like speaking, sucking, and swallowing. Not only that, this skilled organ acts as a sensory powerhouse, governing your sense of taste and displaying remarkable sensitivity to touch. In addition, it houses numerous immune cells, actively contributing to your body's defence mechanisms. Understandably, any condition that affects your tongue, such as tongue cancer, can lead to distress and discomfort. However, by promptly identifying and addressing such issues, you can be secured financially and mentally.

What is Tongue Cancer?

Tongue cancer typically arises from abnormal cell growth on your tongue and falls into the category of head and neck cancers. There are various types of tongue-related cancers, but the most common type starts from the flat, slim cells that cover the surface of your tongue, known as squamous cells. This type of cancer is commonly called squamous cell carcinoma.

Your tongue is divided into two distinct parts, namely, the oral tongue and the base of the tongue, both of which can be susceptible to cancer. The oral tongue makes up the first two portions you see when you stick your tongue out. On the other hand, the base of your tongue is located at the back and is very close to your throat.

Symptoms of Tongue Cancer

The following are some of the most common tongue cancer symptoms.

You might notice early stage tongue cancer symptoms such as an unhealed ulcer, sore, or lump on your tongue that tends to bleed easily. This condition can lead to sensations of pain or a lingering burning feeling within your tongue. 

Pay attention to tongue cancer symptoms such as discovering a lump in your neck, experiencing a persistent sore throat, or feeling like something is obstructing your throat over time. This condition might even impact your ability to speak clearly and lead to the development of bad breath, unintentional weight loss, and persistent fatigue.

Causes of Tongue Cancer

The following are some of the most popularly known tongue cancer causes.

Tongue tumour is strongly linked to the excessive use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as exposure to the human papillomavirus (HPV). While it used to mainly affect older men, this disease in recent years has started affecting women and younger individuals more frequently. This change is partly due to the rise in HPV infections. HPV, a widely spread sexually transmitted infection, affects nearly everyone who is sexually active.

There are other aspects that contribute to the risk of tongue tumour. These include getting older, with those over 45 years of age being more susceptible. Not having enough fruits, vegetables, and sources of vitamin A in your diet also increases your risk. 

As we age, the risk of developing critical illnesses increases, making planning for unexpected healthcare expenses essential. Critical illness insurance for senior citizens provides financial protection against life-threatening ailments and lifestyle diseases that are expensive to treat. We will discuss the advantages of acquiring critical illness insurance for those aged over 60. Such policies provide coverage for exclusive therapies, medicines, and domestic medical services not included in standard health insurance plans. Furthermore, we will delve into how this supplementary coverage can safeguard retirement funds and offer reassurance for senior citizens and their loved ones.

What Is Critical Illness Insurance For Senior Citizens

The fast-paced and stressful lifestyle of modern times has resulted in a rise in lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and others, leading to serious health complications later in life. However, one can live a healthy life with proper management and treatment. Critical illness insurance policies help you deal with the expenses related to critical conditions and lifestyle-related diseases. It’s imperative to invest in a top-tier health insurance plan that safeguards you financially from these ailments since the treatment for these critical illnesses is exorbitant, and the resultant financial burden is unsettling.

Before purchasing a senior citizen critical illness policy, it is crucial to consider various factors, such as present age, number of dependents, and health status. For example, suppose you have certain family members who are senior citizens and dependents. In such circumstances, you may want additional coverage for sudden healthcare emergencies, such as heart attacks. Thus, it is always advisable to opt for a critical illness cover for senior citizens with sufficient financial support. Additionally, people who smoke regularly, have high-stress jobs or are more at risk of developing health problems with advancing age should start to plan early to overcome hurdles while purchasing insurance.

Your present financial position is also crucial to consider as the cost of quality healthcare continuously increases, and inflation is bound to happen. Consequently, it is essential to think about all these issues while deciding on the adequate sum insured.

Why Should You Buy Critical Illness Insurance For Senior Citizens

While traditional health insurance coverage can help with medical expenses, it may not cover all the costs associated with a critical illness. For this reason, senior citizens must consider obtaining a separate critical illness insurance plan.

• A critical illness policy for senior citizens can provide additional financial coverage in the event of a severe medical condition. This type of insurance can cover specialised treatments, medications, and domiciliary treatment, which do not typically get covered by regular health insurance policies. This additional coverage gives those aged over 60 the financial resources they need to cover the costs associated with a critical illness.
• A critical illness’s potential impact can have severe repercussions on the retirement savings of senior citizens. In the event of a severe medical condition, senior citizens may have to withdraw funds from their retirement savings to cover expenses not covered by their standard medical insurance plan. This could significantly impact their retirement plans and leave them with a shortage of funds in their twilight years. Investing in a separate critical illness insurance policy can help alleviate these concerns.
• Critical illness insurance provides a safety net to senior citizens and their family members, as they have additional financial coverage in the event of a severe medical condition.

In conclusion, senior citizens should consider obtaining a separate critical illness insurance plan in addition to their regular health insurance coverage. One can also opt for it as an add-on coverage to widen the scope of coverage of their primary healthcare policy. This can ensure they have the requisite financial resources to meet the extra expenses related to a critical illness and protect their retirement savings.

Health insurance has become crucial in safeguarding our finances with continually rising medical cost. However, navigating the complex claim processes and expenses involved in your time of need can sometimes be overwhelming. To cater to these challenges faced by our customers, ICICI Lombard has introduced an innovative solution called 'Anywhere Cashless.' This feature revolutionises health insurance, offering our policyholders a hassle-free and convenient experience at the time of claim.

Let's delve into the benefits of Anywhere Cashless and discover how it can make managing and using your health insurance easier.

Freedom from network hospital limitations:

Anywhere Cashless allows you to choose any hospital you want without worrying if it's a network hospital or not. This service lets you decide which hospital is best for you, whether near your home or a specialised facility you trust. You can get cashless treatment even if your preferred hospital is not in our network. This is available pan-India, so if you're in your hometown or travelling to another city, you can still get cashless treatment if the hospital you prefer accepts it.

Treatment without worries:

One of the most significant advantages of Anywhere Cashless is that it allows you to receive treatment without worrying about upfront payments. Unlike traditional health insurance plans that require you to pay a deposit or make payments during discharge, Anywhere Cashless eliminates these out-of-pocket expenses. This means you can focus solely on your & your family's well-being, knowing that your insurance will cover the costs directly.

Hassle-free cashless facility:

With Anywhere Cashless, you can bid farewell to the hassle of reimbursement processes and complex paperwork. This seamless cashless experience ensures you can concentrate on your recovery rather than worrying about insurance-related matters.

Peace of mind:

Lack of awareness about insurance coverage and reimbursement processes can be a source of stress during medical emergencies. Anywhere Cashless eliminates these concerns by simplifying the claims process. You no longer have to worry about understanding medical admissibility, sub-limits, or which expenses are covered. By opting for Anywhere Cashless, you can have peace of mind, knowing that your insurance will cover the costs, and you can focus solely on your recovery.

ICICI Lombard Health Insurance Cashless Network Hospital List in Buldhana, Maharashtra

Explore ICICI Lombard’s health insurance policies :

• Family Health Insurance
• Personal Accident Insurance 
• Top Up Health Insurance
• Arogya Sanjeevani Policy
• Corona Kavach Policy
• Senior Citizen Health Insurance
• Parents Health Insurance
• Children Health Insurance

which offers people much needed financial backup during any medical emergencies.

With the increasing costs of medical care and treatments, having a health insurance plan has become essential for everyone. Choosing the right health insurance plan for your family can be a confusing and overwhelming task, especially with the numerous options available in the market. This guide will help you understand the factors to consider while choosing a health insurance plan that best suits your family's needs.

Factors to focus in while deciding coverage

• Coverage

One of the most important aspects to consider while choosing a health insurance plan is the coverage it offers. The plan should cover all the essential medical treatments and procedures required by your family. It is also important to check if the plan covers pre-existing conditions, as it could have a significant impact on the overall cost of treatment.

• Premiums

The premium you pay for your health insurance plan is a monthly or annual fee that you need to pay to keep your policy active. It is important to choose a plan that fits within your budget and is affordable for you in the long run. Do not compromise on coverage for a lower premium, as it could result in out-of-pocket expenses in case of medical emergencies.

• Network Hospitals

Make sure to check the network of hospitals that are covered under the health insurance plan. This is important as it will help you determine the hospitals you can go to in case of a medical emergency. Also, check if the plan covers out-of-network hospitals, as it could have a significant impact on the cost of treatment.

• Deductibles

A deductible is the amount you need to pay out of pocket before your insurance kicks in. It is important to choose a plan with a deductible that you can afford in case of a medical emergency. High deductibles can lower your monthly premium but could result in higher out-of-pocket expenses.

• Co-payments

Co-payments is the amount you need to pay after your deductible has been met. It is important to choose a plan with co-payments that you can afford. A plan with higher co-payments could result in lower premiums but could result in higher out-of-pocket expenses in case of medical emergencies.

Conclusion

Choosing the right health insurance plan for your family is a crucial decision that should not be taken lightly. It is important to consider the coverage, premium, network of hospitals, deductible, co-payments, and co-insurance while making your decision. With the right health insurance plan, you can ensure the financial stability of your family in case of a medical emergency.

ICICI Lombard Health Insurance Cashless Network Hospital List in Amalner, Maharashtra

Explore ICICI Lombard’s health insurance plans :

• Family Health Insurance
• Personal Accident Insurance 
• Top Up Health Insurance
• Arogya Sanjeevani Policy
• Corona Kavach Policy
• Senior Citizen Health Insurance
• Parents Health Insurance
• Children Health Insurance

which offers people much needed financial backup during any medical emergencies.

Super top-up health insurance means a policy that provides additional protection beyond the existing medical insurance coverage. It acts as a supplementary policy that kicks in when the sum insured by the primary health insurance policy is exhausted. In other words, it provides an extra layer of protection against unexpected medical expenses that may exceed the coverage limit of your standard or primary health insurance policy. Increasing ailments, a sedentary lifestyle, and rising medical inflation make it necessary to consider medical coverage over and above your basic healthcare plans. Let us try to grasp the meaning of what is a super top up policy and how we can use it in medical emergencies.

What is the Meaning of Super Top-Up Health Insurance?

To understand the ins and outs of super top-up health insurance plans, one needs to know super top up health insurance meaning. A super top-up health insurance plan provides additional coverage if the existing cover of the primary health insurance policy is exhausted. It works on the principle of aggregate expense. The total hospitalisation and treatment expenses in a policy year get considered, not the per-claim expenditure. If the cumulative expenses in a year exceed the deductible limit, the super top-up policy comes into effect and covers the remaining expenses up to the sum insured.

Understanding what is super top-up in health insurance explains its need as well. Medical expenses, including hospitalisation charges, surgeries, and other treatments, can quickly escalate and surpass the coverage limit of a primary health insurance policy. In such cases, having a super top-up health insurance plan can provide an extra layer of financial protection, ensuring that individuals do not get burdened with excessive out-of-pocket expenses. Super top-up plans offer additional coverage beyond the primary policy at a lower cost than purchasing a comprehensive plan with a higher coverage limit. It helps individuals mitigate the financial risks associated with unexpected medical expenses and ensures continuous coverage during critical or prolonged illness.

Benefits of Super Top-up Health Insurance Plan

Listed below are some of the major benefits of a super top-up health insurance plan.

• Increased Coverage:

One of the significant benefits of a super top-up health insurance plan is that it enhances the coverage limit beyond the existing health insurance policy. It provides an additional cushion to protect against high medical expenses, especially in cases where the primary policy's coverage limit is insufficient.

• Cost-effective:

Super top-up health insurance is usually more cost-effective compared to purchasing a separate health insurance policy with a higher coverage limit. It allows individuals to enhance their coverage without having to pay high premiums for a comprehensive health insurance plan.

• Flexibility:

Super top-up health insurance offers flexibility in choosing the deductible limit, which is the amount up to which an individual is responsible for paying for medical expenses. The higher the deductible limit, the lower the premium amount. This allows individuals to avail of a policy as per their budget and needs.

• No Claim Bonus (NCB):

Some super top-up health insurance plans offer a no-claim bonus (NCB) feature. If a policyholder does not make any claims in a policy year, he/she gets rewarded an increase in the sum insured or a discount on the premium for the next policy year.

Super top-up health insurance is an effective way to enhance the coverage limit of an existing health insurance policy at an affordable cost. But most importantly, understanding what is a super top up Mediclaim policy will help you make a well-thought-out choice. With its flexibility, affordability and comprehensive protection, super top-up health insurance can be a valuable addition to your healthcare strategy.

Health insurance can involve a plethora of terms and concepts that may be difficult to comprehend. Two of these concepts are copay and coinsurance.

While both terms refer to the amount you pay out of pocket for medical care, they work in different ways. Copay is a specified amount you pay for a covered service, while coinsurance is a percentage of the cost you pay after paying the deductible amount mentioned in your policy.

Understanding the difference between these two concepts is crucial for making informed decisions about your health insurance coverage.

In this blog, we will delve into copay and coinsurance in health insurance, their differences, and how they impact your health insurance policies.

What is Co-Pay in Health Insurance?

Copays refer to the fixed amount an individual must pay out of pocket for a covered healthcare service. However, the copay amounts may vary depending on the specific health insurance plan and the type of service received.

Copays are a cost-sharing mechanism between the individual and the insurance provider. This helps to make healthcare more affordable and accessible while also discouraging unnecessary claims. For example, a copay might discourage individuals from scheduling unnecessary doctor’s appointments or tests since they will have to pay a portion of the cost themselves.

Let’s say you have a medical insurance policy with a copay of Rs 500 for a specialist visit. If you schedule an appointment with a specialist for a health concern, you will be responsible for paying Rs 500 at the time of your visit. Your insurance provider would reimburse the remaining cost of the visit.

Overall, copays are an important component of health insurance plans that help make healthcare more affordable and accessible for individuals. It is essential to understand your specific copay requirements and how they fit into your overall healthcare costs.

What is Co-Insurance in Health Insurance?

• Co-insurance is a cost-sharing mechanism between the individual and the insurance provider, similar to a copay.
• However, while copays are a fixed amount, co-insurance is a percentage of the total cost of the healthcare service. The percentage of co-insurance required may vary depending on the specific health insurance plan.
• Co-insurance typically applies after an individual has met his/her deductible, which is the amount the person must pay out of pocket before the insurance coverage kicks in.
• For example, an individual has a health insurance plan with a Rs 5,000 deductible and a 20% co-insurance requirement. If the person undergoes a healthcare service that costs Rs 10,000, he/she would be responsible for paying the first Rs 5,000 (the deductible). After that, the person would be responsible for paying 20% of the remaining Rs 5,000, or Rs 1,000. The insurance provider would cover the remaining amount.
• Co-insurance helps to incentivise individuals to choose more cost-effective healthcare options, as they will be responsible for a portion of the cost. However, it can also result in higher out-of-pocket expenses for individuals if they require extensive or expensive healthcare services.

What is the difference between Co-pay and Co-insurance?

Both co-pay and co-insurance are cost-sharing mechanisms between the individual and the insurance provider in health insurance plans. However, they vary in the following aspects.

• Copay is a fixed amount paid by a person at the time of service, while co-insurance is a percentage of the total cost of a healthcare service paid by the policyholder after the deductible gets paid.
• While copays can differ based on the type or procedure, coinsurance applies the same percentage to all procedures.
• Copay is more common in less comprehensive plans; co-insurance is more common in comprehensive plans with higher premiums.

Overall, while coinsurance and co-pay in health insurance differ in the way in which the cost gets shared - a fixed amount for copay (co-payment) versus a percentage of the total cost for coinsurance (co-insurance) - they are both cost-sharing mechanisms between the individual and the insurance provider. After a policyholder pays his/her co insurance and co payment amount, the insurance provider covers the remaining cost of the healthcare service. By knowing the amount you will be responsible for paying out of pocket for each healthcare service, you can better budget your healthcare expenses. Additionally, understanding the difference between copay and coinsurance can help you select the right health insurance plan for your specific healthcare needs and financial situation.

Accidents in India occur frequently and can result in major financial burdens. Investing in an insurance plan, such as Personal Accident Insurance, is highly beneficial in mitigating the financial impact on the policyholder as well as his/her family. Coverage for personal accidents benefits both policyholders and their families. Personal accident insurance is crucial as it provides financial protection against accidental injuries, disability, and death. Some significant benefits of personal accident insurance are financial assistance for medical expenses, loss of income, and other related costs.

Advantages of Personal Accident Insurance

Some of the significant benefits of personal accident insurance are as follows.

• Financial protection against accidental injuries: One of the major benefits of purchasing personal accident insurance is the coverage it offers for medical expenses incurred due to accidental injuries, including hospitalisation, surgeries, and rehabilitation, helping policyholders cope with the financial burden of unexpected medical bills.
• Income replacement: Another significant benefit of purchasing personal accident insurance is that it offers coverage for loss of income or disability caused by accidental injuries, ensuring that policyholders can maintain their financial stability even if they are unable to work due to an accident.
• Accidental death benefit: Personal accident insurance provides a lump sum amount to the nominee in case of the policyholder’s accidental death, providing financial support to the family during a difficult time.
• Customisable coverage: Coverage for personal accident benefits can be customised to suit policyholders’ specific requirements, allowing them to choose the coverage amount and add-on benefits as per their preferences.

Features of a Personal Accident Insurance Policy

Some of the prime features of a personal accident insurance policy are:

• Coverage for accidental injuries and death:

  Personal accident insurance provides coverage for accidental injuries resulting from events such as road accidents, falls, burns, and drowning, as well as accidental death.

• Permanent total disability coverage:

  These policies offer coverage for a permanent total disability caused by accidental injuries, providing financial support to policyholders who are permanently disabled due to accidents.

• Temporary total disability coverage:

  Personal accident insurance provides coverage for temporary total disability, which refers to the inability to work for a temporary period due to accidental injuries. This ensures that policyholders can maintain their income during the recovery period.

• Education benefit:

  Some personal accident insurance policies offer an education benefit to the insured’s dependent children in case of the policyholder’s accidental death or permanent total disability, helping to cover their education expenses.

• Affordable premiums:

  Such policies in India typically have affordable premiums, making them accessible to individuals with varied needs and budgets.

The benefits of purchasing personal accident insurance include financial protection against accidental injuries, income replacement, and customisable coverage. The features of such policies include coverage for accidental injuries and death, permanent and temporary total disability coverage, and affordable premiums. Having personal accident insurance can give individuals peace of mind as well as financial security in times of need.

HR Maternity Leave Policy

• Maternity paid leave is available for up to 26 weeks, with 8 weeks of pre-natal leave.
• Employees with two or more children are entitled to 12 weeks of maternity leave, while adoption leave is also available for 12 weeks.
• Commissioning mothers who use their eggs to create an embryo implanted in another woman are also entitled to 12 weeks of leave.
• Maternity leave is fully paid, subject to eligibility criteria, and a medical bonus is provided.
• Employees must follow a formal maternity leave procedure to request maternity leave and benefits, and HR must approve any deviation from the policy.

Maternity Leave Challenges For Employers

• According to a report, a major concern for 95% of managers is how to find a replacement for an employee who announces her pregnancy. This challenge is even greater for managers who have employees in client-facing roles or work in a team and are not individual contributors.
• Companies are uncertain whether the employee will continue working for them after having a baby.
• The report also found that 88% of women feel managing uncertainty is a significant challenge without guidance and support from mentors, especially when there are health issues involved.
• Managers also face difficulties preparing for the employee's return and managing their workload.
• Insufficient support from organisations makes the reintegration process less smooth. While managers are open to providing flexible working hours, this can be a challenge without support from the organisation's policy.
• To prevent conflicts in the workplace, it is crucial for companies to anticipate and make arrangements for paid maternity leave. This can involve conducting a risk evaluation and creating unambiguous guidelines.
• Effective communication is equally crucial and can facilitate the determination of when an employee desires to resume their job. This encompasses flexible work requests and any phased reintegration schedules.

Employers that lack supportive maternity leave policies may face a considerable strain on resources, decreased productivity, difficulty retaining top talent, and uneven distribution of work.

Additionally, employers should also look into offering health insurance coverage with maternity coverage. While not mandatory, it is an additional benefit that can be of great help. 

Whether you are a first-time expectant mother or have experienced the joy of being a mom-to-be, there may be several questions regarding the Maternity Leave Policy and its rules.

You might have asked your friends and colleagues but didn’t find satisfactory answers, or their replies have left you more puzzled than before. If you’re back to square one, let us walk you through the benefits, the eligibility criteria, and more so that you can find proper answers to your queries.

We will also provide an example of how to write a letter to HR applying for maternity leave and whether you will receive a partial or full salary if you apply for maternity leave.

Maternity Benefit ACT 1961

The purpose of this benefit is to assist women in caring for their children. The ACT ensures job security for working women and applies to all establishments with ten or more employees. The ACT also covers government organisations and establishments employing women to perform acrobatics and equestrian exhibitions. The employer is liable to pay maternity benefits to the women employees. The ACT permits the combination of maternity leave with other forms of leave. In case of gross misconduct, the employer can dismiss the employee or deprive her of the benefit or bonus. But neglecting to adhere to the regulations outlined in the legislation can result in grave repercussions for employers.

Health insurance is a vital safety net providing financial protection against unforeseen medical emergencies. However, it is essential to understand the waiting period associated with health insurance policies. The waiting period is when the insured person cannot claim insurance benefits after purchasing the policy. This article will define the waiting period and its different types. Let's shed light on frequently raised queries to gain a comprehensive understanding.

Waiting period definition

The popularly known term waiting period in health insurance refers to the duration an insured person must wait before being eligible for insurance benefits. This period begins from the policy commencement date and varies between insurance companies. For instance, maternity coverage usually has a waiting period of two to four years. Waiting periods help to avoid unethical practices by policyholders. This includes purchasing a policy after being diagnosed with an illness and immediately making a claim. The waiting period helps prevent deceptive behaviour and ensures that insurance benefits get provided to only those who genuinely need them.

Types of waiting periods in health insurance

Here are the key points regarding the different waiting periods in health insurance policies:

● Initial waiting period in health insurance:

This is essentially the phase after purchasing your healthcare plan, during which you cannot claim any benefits for hospitalisation, planned or emergency. The minimum initial waiting period in health insurance is usually at least 30 days. Some insurance providers offer zero waiting period health insurance as well.

● Waiting period for pre-existing diseases:

This is a waiting period for those diagnosed with a specific pre-existing disease listed in the policy document. The insurer can impose a waiting period of up to 2 years.

● Waiting period related to specific diseases:

Health insurance plans may encompass separate waiting periods for diverse ailments, which can vary from one to two years, according to the insurer’s policy. This waiting period applies to illnesses that require long-term care.

● Maternity waiting period:

The period during which you cannot claim maternity benefits typically varies from 9 months to 6 years. The health insurance no waiting period may not be applicable here.

● Waiting period for accidental hospitalisation:

No waiting period applies in the case of immediate hospitalisation resulting from an unfortunate accident.

● Waiting period for health check-ups:

Insurers who offer complimentary health check-ups keep the waiting period to at least one year. It essentially means you can actively avail of this benefit only after completing the one-year waiting period in health insurance. You can avail of this benefit from the second year of your policy.

● Waiting period for COVID-19 coverage:

The waiting period in health insurance plans that fully cover COVID-19 disease is 15 days.

Thoroughly reviewing the policy documents is crucial to comprehend the waiting periods embedded in health insurance policies. Some insurance service providers may provide health insurance without waiting periods too. Waiting period insurance protects the insurer from the risk of high claims immediately after the policy’s purchase.