Triphala is a widely used herbal preparation named after the Sanskrit words ‘tri’ (three) and ‘phala’ (fruits). It is a unique blend of three medicinal fruits: amla (Indian gooseberry), bibhitaki, and haritaki. Each offers distinct health benefits.

Amla is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, strengthening immunity and promoting overall well-being. Bibhitaki is valued for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, while haritaki provides essential vitamins and minerals such as copper, iron and magnesium.

One of the most effective ways to consume triphala is by preparing triphala water. Read on to discover the various health benefits of drinking triphala water.

List of health benefits of triphala water

Some of the potential health benefits of triphala water include:

1. Improves digestive health

Triphala has been used since ancient times as a natural laxative. It helps reduce bloating and gas symptoms and can be a natural remedy for constipation.

2. Enhances dental health

Triphala has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties which help prevent the build-up of plaque, a leading cause of gingivitis and cavities. Gargling with triphala water can improve oral hygiene and dental health.

3. Anti-inflammatory properties

Triphala has powerful anti-inflammatory properties and is rich in antioxidants such as flavonoids, polyphenols and vitamin C. This helps the body combat free radicals that can cause cell damage and lead to chronic conditions.

4. Helps with weight management

Triphala can aid in weight management by improving metabolism and keeping you feeling fuller for longer. It may also support weight loss by promoting healthy digestion and improving bowel movements. The benefits of drinking triphala water on an empty stomach are immense.

5. Improves skin and hair health

The antioxidants present in triphala can improve skin and hair health by protecting against damage caused by free radicals and other environmental toxins.

Conclusion

Triphala water has been used in Ayurveda since ancient times for its numerous health benefits. However, while natural remedies like triphala water can support overall well-being, they should be complemented with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine medical checkups.

Preventive care and early detection play a crucial role in maintaining long-term health. An appropriate mediclaim policy can help cover the costs of consultations, treatments and more, ensuring financial security. Additionally, an individual health insurance policy can provide comprehensive coverage, offering peace of mind and protection against unexpected medical expenses.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Known for its powerful adaptogenic qualities, ashwagandha has been used in Ayurveda for centuries. Whether you want to improve mental clarity, enhance immunity or support your body’s natural healing process, the ashwagandha water benefits are truly remarkable. Read on to discover some health benefits of ashwagandha water.

List of health benefits of ashwagandha water

Let's dive into the various benefits of drinking ashwagandha water.

1. Reduces stress and anxiety

One of the most well-known benefits of ashwagandha water is its ability to relieve anxiety and stress. It helps regulate cortisol levels, the hormone linked to stress, and creates a sense of calm and balance.

2. Boosts immunity

Regular consumption of ashwagandha water can boost immunity, enhancing the body's capability to combat infections and illnesses more efficiently. It is rich in antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress.

3. Enhances brain function

Drinking ashwagandha water can improve cognitive function and memory. It helps in reducing brain fog and enhances focus, making it an excellent natural supplement.

4. Supports heart health

Ashwagandha with water benefits cardiovascular health by helping reduce cholesterol and blood pressure levels. It helps maintain a healthy heart by enhancing circulation and lowering the risk of heart-related illnesses.

5. Aids in better sleep

Ashwagandha water promotes relaxation and improves sleep quality. Drinking it before bedtime helps calm the nervous system and ensure restful sleep.

6. Improves muscle strength and stamina

Athletes and fitness enthusiasts can benefit from ashwagandha water as it helps improve muscle strength, endurance and overall physical performance.

Conclusion

Including ashwagandha water in your daily routine is a simple and effective way to support overall well-being. From reducing stress to strengthening immunity and improving heart health, its benefits are extensive. However, you must supplement natural remedies with a balanced diet, regular exercise and preventive measures. Early detection and proactive care are essential for well-being.

An appropriate medical insurance policy covers these costs and provides financial coverage during unforeseen medical events.  Additionally, a family health insurance plan provides coverage for your loved ones, giving you peace of mind while you focus on leading a healthy lifestyle.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Long-term arthritis, especially psoriatic arthritis, might cause joints to become tight and swollen, restricting movement. Though its cure is yet unknown, many medical experts believe that maintaining an active lifestyle through exercise might help manage the symptoms of this medical condition. One outstanding exercise is yoga for arthritis.

Best yoga poses for psoriatic arthritis

• Bridge pose: During this yoga asana, first lay flat on your back with your arms by your sides. Next, maintain your ankles tight to your butt as you attempt to bend your knees and force your feet hip-width apart on the ground. Lift your hips toward the sky and apply pressure with your feet. Hold the pose for a short while. After that, reposition your hips.
• Standing forward fold: To begin this yoga for psoriatic arthritis pose, take a tall stance, relax your shoulders, and bend your knees slightly. Then, slowly hinge forward from the waist while maintaining the straightest possible back. Release any tension by letting your arms hang down toward the floor. Here, take a few moments to relax and appreciate the stretch in your lower back and hamstrings. When ready, slowly raise yourself to stand.
• Warrior II: In this yoga pose, spread your feet out so they are almost the whole length of your mat. With your rear foot angled out 45 to 90 degrees, place your front foot facing forward. Spread your arms out to the sides at shoulder height. Turn your hips and upper torso to line up with your back foot. As you maintain your eyes over your front hand, bend your front knee to a 90-degree angle. To balance things out, hold this strong stance for 30-60 seconds and then switch to the opposite side.
• Baby cobra: Place your feet flat on the ground while lying on your stomach. Bring your elbows close to your body. Stretch out your arms forward in front of you, and place your palms on the ground so that your head, neck, and chest are behind your shoulders or a bit forward of them. Slowly lift your head, neck, and chest from the ground using your upper back muscles. This mild backbend is excellent for lengthening your chest and strengthening your spine. As you hold the pose, breathe deeply.

Conclusion

If you have psoriatic arthritis, you can greatly benefit by performing yoga for arthritis asanas daily. Soft postures ease stiffness, increase suppleness, and improve general health. Always pay attention to your body, adjust positions as necessary, and see a doctor before beginning a new fitness regimen. Despite the difficulties posed by psoriatic arthritis, practising yoga can improve life. Remember to buy a mediclaim policy for coverage against unexpected medical costs.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Ajwain water is a simple yet powerful drink used in Indian households for generations as a natural remedy for digestion, weight loss, and overall well-being. Whether you start your day with it or have it after meals, ajwain water can do wonders for your health.

List of health benefits of Ajwain water

Let’s explore the benefits of ajwain water and why adding it to your daily routine could be a great idea.

1. Aids digestion

One of the biggest advantages of ajwain water is its ability to improve digestion. Ajwain contains active enzymes that help break down food, reduce bloating, and ease acidity. If you often experience stomach discomfort, drinking Ajwain water can be a simple and effective natural remedy.

2. Helps with weight management

Ajwain water boosts metabolism and promotes fat burning. It also helps control appetite, promoting satiety. Combined with a healthy diet and exercise, ajwain water can support effective weight management.

3. Provides relief from acidity and gas

Acidity and gas can be uncomfortable and painful. Ajwain water helps balance stomach acids, providing quick relief from acidity, bloating, and gas. Drinking it regularly can keep your digestive system in check.

4. Boosts immunity

Ajwain water is packed with antibacterial and antifungal properties that strengthen the immune system. Drinking it regularly helps the body fight infections and improves overall health, reducing the risk of seasonal illnesses.

5. Regulates blood pressure

Ajwain helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels by improving circulation and reducing heart strain. Thus, it is beneficial for people with hypertension.

6. Promotes oral health

Ajwain water has antibacterial properties that fight bad breath and prevent infections. Rinsing your mouth with it can help maintain oral hygiene and reduce dental problems.

Conclusion

Ajwain water is an easy and natural way to support overall health. It helps with digestion, strengthens immunity, and may aid in weight management, making it a beneficial addition to your daily routine.

In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, prioritising preventive care is essential for overall well-being. A comprehensive health insurance plan can provide financial security for you and your family during medical emergencies. A good family health insurance plan ensures peace of mind, allowing you to focus on a healthier lifestyle.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological condition that commonly affects women of reproductive age. It is characterised by pelvic pain, heavy periods, abdominal discomfort, fatigue and other symptoms.

Best Yoga Poses for Endometriosis

Yoga can help with endometriosis by reducing stress and anxiety, improving pelvic floor strength, relaxing abdominal and pelvic muscles and regulating hormones. Practising restorative yoga poses can help immensely in dealing with endometriosis symptoms. Some of the most helpful yoga poses are:

• Restorative Goddess Pose or Supta Baddha Konasana: This yoga pose is most effective in dealing with endometriosis symptoms of pelvic pain and abdominal tightness by opening up the inner thighs, hips and the area around the chest. It also helps balance the nervous system and provides additional relief from discomfort.
• Child’s Pose or Balasana: This is a gentle forward yoga asana that helps the mind and body relax. It also relieves the body by stretching the spine and hips, which helps alleviate period cramps.
• Garland Pose or Malasana: Among the best yoga for endometriosis poses, Malasana's benefits derive from its nature in Increasing flexibility and circulation. This is done through stretching of the lower back, hips, and thighs. It helps relax the stiff pelvic floor muscles, thereby alleviating pain and cramping while also addressing periods-related digestive issues.
• Three-part breath or Dirga Pranayama: Unlike the other yoga poses for endometriosis, the dirge pranayama technique helps ease Endometriosis symptoms through breathing. This is, in fact, one of the most effective yoga asanas for pain relief since it can be done while lying down. It works by stimulating the abdominal organs, including the ovaries, and therefore, directly affects the factors that facilitate Endometriosis.
• Reclined Butterfly Pose or Supta Baddha Konasana: The Reclined Butterfly yoga asana impacts the condition of endometriosis by relaxing and releasing the pelvic and groin muscles. This helps loosen the tissues and ligaments of the hip area and stretches the thighs, which leads to the release of the lower back area and relieves period pain.
• Sphinx pose or Salamba Bhujangasana: The Sphinx pose is another easy yoga for endometriosis pose that relies on the back bending technique to impart its many benefits. This makes for a gentle, soothing stretch that provides relief from the pain and discomfort around the lower back, which is commonly experienced as endometriosis pain.

Conclusion

Certain yoga asanas can help alleviate the symptoms of endometriosis, but it's important to stretch gently while performing them. Additionally, be sure to explore all available health insurance plans and choose a plan that offers comprehensive medical coverage to protect yourself against unexpected health issues associated with endometriosis.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Are you looking for a natural way to cool your body, detoxify your system and improve digestion? Drinking vetiver water could be the perfect solution! Vetiver, also known as vetti veru and khus, is a medicinal herb widely used in Ayurveda for its calming, cooling and healing properties.

Whether you want to stay refreshed during summer, improve gut health or enhance skin health, the vetiver water benefits are truly remarkable. Read on to discover some of the benefits of vetiver water.

List of health benefits of vetiver water

Let’s explore the amazing benefits of vetiver water:

1. Natural body cooler
   One of the most well-known vetti veru water benefits is its ability to cool down the body naturally. It is highly effective in reducing body heat, making it a perfect drink for hot weather.
2. Detoxifies the body
   Vetiver water acts as a natural detoxifier, flushing out toxins from the body. It can help cleanse the liver and kidneys, promoting overall internal health and well-being.
3. Aids digestion
   If you frequently suffer from digestive discomfort, such as bloating, acidity or constipation, vetiver water can provide relief as it helps promote healthy gut bacteria.
4. Relieves stress and anxiety
   Vetiver has calming properties that can help reduce stress, anxiety and tension. Drinking vetiver water regularly can help improve sleep quality and promote mental relaxation.
5. Enhances skin health
   The antibacterial properties of vetiver water help in reducing acne, improving skin texture and keeping the skin hydrated.
6. Boosts immunity
   Vetiver water is rich in antioxidants, strengthening the immune system and protecting the body from infections. Regularly consuming it can help you stay healthy and fight seasonal illnesses.
7. Supports respiratory health
   Vetiver has anti-inflammatory properties that help clear respiratory passages, making it beneficial for people suffering from cough, cold or asthma.

Conclusion

Drinking vetiver water is a simple yet effective way to cool the body, improve digestion and boost immunity. Its natural detoxifying and stress-relieving properties make it an excellent addition to a healthy lifestyle. However, while natural remedies can help maintain good health, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and preventive treatment are crucial for long-term well-being.

An appropriate mediclaim policy covers the cost of consultations and treatment, ensuring financial protection against unforeseen medical expenses. Family health insurance ensures that your loved ones receive the best healthcare without financial stress.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Looking for a simple yet powerful way to improve digestion, boost metabolism and strengthen immunity? Drinking black pepper water could be the perfect solution! Known for its potent medicinal properties, black pepper has been a staple in Ayurveda for centuries.

Whether you want to detox your body, enhance digestion, or promote weight loss, the black pepper water benefits are truly impressive. Read on to discover some of these benefits.

List of health benefits of black pepper water

Let’s explore why you should add this simple yet effective drink to your daily routine.

1. Boosts digestion
   One of the most well-known benefits of black pepper water is its ability to improve digestion. It stimulates the production of digestive enzymes, helping break down food efficiently and preventing issues like bloating and indigestion.
2. Aids in weight loss
   Black pepper with hot water benefits weight management. Black pepper has piperine, which boosts metabolism and may help burn calories faster.
3. Detoxifies the body
   Black pepper water acts as a natural detoxifier, flushing out toxins from the body. It helps cleanse the liver and promotes healthy kidney function, keeping your internal system free from harmful substances.
4. Enhances immunity
   Black pepper is packed with antioxidants and antibacterial properties, making it a great immunity booster. Drinking black pepper water regularly can help your body fight infections, colds and flu naturally.
5. Relieves cold and congestion
   If you're suffering from a sore throat or nasal congestion, drinking black pepper water with honey can provide instant relief. Its anti-inflammatory properties help clear mucus and ease breathing.
6. Regulates blood sugar levels
   Black pepper can improve insulin sensitivity, making it beneficial for people with diabetes.
7. Supports skin health
   The antioxidants in black pepper help reduce signs of ageing, clear acne and promote skin health. Drinking black pepper water regularly can contribute to healthier and brighter skin.

Conclusion

Drinking black pepper water is a simple yet effective way to enhance digestion, detoxify the body and boost immunity. However, while natural remedies keep you healthy, they must be supplemented with a balanced diet, exercise and medical checkups.

An appropriate medical insurance policy can cover the cost of these consultations and treatment, providing financial protection against unexpected health issues. Acquiring individual health insurance ensures you receive timely medical care without financial worries.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Kokum, a tropical fruit from India, is loaded with antioxidants and vital nutrients that contribute to overall well-being. This tangy and refreshing drink is commonly consumed to stay hydrated, aid digestion and support weight management.

Read on to discover the remarkable benefits of kokum water.

List of Health Benefits of Kokum Water

Let’s dive into why you should add Kokum water to your daily routine.

1. Aids digestion

Kokum is widely known for its digestive benefits. It helps soothe the stomach lining, prevent acidity and reduce bloating. Drinking Kokum water after meals can improve digestion and prevent gastric discomfort.

2. Helps in weight loss

One of the key kokum water benefits is its role in weight management.  Rich in hydroxycitric acid (HCA), it helps boost metabolism, making kokum water for weight loss a powerful and natural remedy.

3. Prevents dehydration

Kokum juice is a popular summer drink in India and is often consumed to prevent dehydration. It helps maintain body temperature and keeps the body cool during hot weather, reducing the risk of heatstroke.

4. Reduces inflammation

Kokum is also known to reduce inflammation in the stomach lining and may help prevent ulcers. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it beneficial for people suffering from gastritis or other digestive issues.

4. Boosts heart health

The antioxidants present in Kokum help lower cholesterol levels and support heart health. Regular consumption of Kokum water may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

5. Improves skin health

The antioxidants and vitamin C in Kokum promote healthy skin by reducing pigmentation and preventing premature ageing.

6. Manages blood sugar levels

Kokum is beneficial for people with diabetes as it can help regulate blood sugar levels. Its natural compounds can support insulin function and help maintain glucose balance.

Conclusion

Drinking Kokum water is a simple and refreshing way to stay hydrated, improve digestion and support weight management. Whether you consume it for its cooling properties or to boost your metabolism, this drink offers multiple health benefits. However, while natural remedies help maintain good health, long-term health management also requires a balanced diet, frequent exercise and preventive healthcare.

Regular medical checkups and early detection are crucial for well-being. An appropriate health insurance plan can cover these costs and provide financial protection during medical emergencies. Additionally, acquiring family health insurance ensures that you and your loved ones get the best healthcare when needed.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

When it comes to women’s health, one condition that is often not discussed enough is endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer, a type of uterine cancer has become a health concern and hence awareness regarding it is crucial. In this article, we will understand what is endometrial cancer, what are endometrial cancer causes, its stages and the risk factors associated with it. We will also understand the type of endometrial cancer and look at its treatment options and how it can be prevented.

What is endometrial cancer?

Endometrial cancer, a form of uterine cancer, originates in the endometrium – the inner lining of the uterus. As per the data provided by the National Cancer Institute, (NCI), it is believed that 3 out of every 100 women are at risk of being diagnosed with uterine cancer once in their lifetime. While talking about the survival rate, 80 percent of women survive for 5 years or even more after receiving the treatment. Thus, early detection and diagnosis increase the chances of recovery from endometrial cancer.

Symptoms of endometrial cancer

Abnormal vaginal bleeding stands out as the predominant symptom linked to endometrial cancer. Further symptoms include:

• Changes in menstrual cycle flow and length
• Bleeding or spotting occurring between menstrual periods
• Vaginal bleeding after menopause

Some other symptoms include:

• Pain during intercourse
• Unexplained weight loss
• Discomfort experienced in the pelvic and lower abdominal regions
• Blood-tinged or watery discharge from the vagina

If one experiences any of the above listed symptoms then do consult a doctor. At times these may not be a sign of serious issues but to be on the safer side a consultation is ideal.

Menopause or other non-cancerous issues can cause bleeding in the vagina. Though in some cases it is associated with endometrial cancer and other gynecological cancer.

It is your doctor only who can identify the cause and put you on the right treatment.

Causes of endometrial cancer

The exact endometrial cancer causes are still unknown. Experts attribute it to the changes occurring in the hormone levels of estrogen and progesterone as they affect the endometrium. The increased levels of estrogen cause the endometrial cells to multiply and divide.

Genetic mutations occurring in the endometrial cells can cause them to rapidly grow and transform into tumours.

There are numerous studies being conducted to understand what causes normal endometrial cells to convert into cancer cells.

Risk factors associated with endometrial cancer

Age is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. According to reports, people under the age group of 45 to 75 are more prone to be affected by endometrial cancer.

A number of other factors are also connected with the increased risk of endometrial cancer. These include changes seen in the level of sex hormones of the woman, certain medical conditions, family history of cancer, obesity, and more. Let’s discuss some of these factors further:

1. Hormone levels

Female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are mainly responsible for the health of the endometrium. Drastic increases in the production of these hormones can increase the risk of being diagnosed with endometrial cancer.

2. Patient medical history

A woman’s medical history is also known to have an effect on the sex hormone leading to higher chances of developing endometrial cancer, including:

• Longer years of menstruation and early menarche or late menopause increase endometrial cancer risk.
• Lack of pregnancies heightens risk, especially with infertility-related issues.
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) elevates risk due to hormonal imbalances
• Granulosa cell tumors in ovaries releasing estrogen raise endometrial cancer risk

3. Medication:

Medications like estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or tamoxifen can impact hormone balance. Tamoxifen, used for breast cancer, may increase endometrial cancer risk.

4. Birth control

Birth control pills lower endometrial cancer risk, with longer use offering greater protection. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are linked to reduced endometrial cancer risk.

5. Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia is a disorder where the lining of the uterus becomes thick but it cannot be termed cancerous. At times it goes away on its own, and in other cases it can be treated with HRT or surgery. Endometrial hyperplasia, when not treated, can turn into endometrial cancer. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is known to be the most common symptom of endometrial hyperplasia.

6. Obesity

People who are obese and have extra weight are more at risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes which is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Higher the chances of obesity in people having type 2 diabetes, the more they are prone to endometrial cancer.

7. History of cancer

Your chances of developing endometrial cancer are much higher if other members of the family have had it. Moreover, a family history of Lynch syndrome also increases the chances of developing cancer. Having suffered from breast cancer or ovarian cancer raises your risk of endometrial cancer. Also, radiation therapy on the pelvis increases your chances of having endometrial cancer.

One should be cautious about these risk factors also. In some cases, people who have been identified as suffering from certain factors may never develop endometrial cancer and on the other hand, people who never showed any risk factors may develop endometrial cancer.

What are the stages of endometrial cancer?

With time, endometrial cancer can extend to other parts of the body from the uterus.

There are four stages into which cancer has been identified depending on its growth in the body:

• Stage 1: Presence of cancer in the uterus only.
• Stage 2: Cancer has spread in the uterus and cervix.
• Stage 3: Cancer is spreading beyond the uterus, but has not affected the rectum or bladder. Though its presence can be seen in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, and near the lymph nodes.
• Stage 4: The spread of the cancer can be noted beyond the pelvic region. It might have affected the bladder, rectum, and/or distant tissues or organs.

If someone is detected suffering from endometrial cancer, the treatment options are identified depending upon the stage the cancer is in. Early detection of the cancer makes the treatment more effective.

How is endometrial cancer diagnosed?

If you notice possible symptoms of endometrial cancer, it's crucial to schedule an appointment with your primary care doctor or gynecologist immediately.

During the appointment, your medical history and symptoms will be discussed. A pelvic exam will be conducted to identify any abnormalities in your uterus and reproductive organs. To further investigate, a transvaginal ultrasound exam might be recommended.

This type of imaging test employs sound waves to create internal pictures. For the test, a healthcare professional will insert an ultrasound probe into your vagina, which will transmit images onto a screen.

In case any irregularities be detected, your doctor may recommend additional tests to obtain tissue samples:

Endometrial Biopsy: A thin tube is inserted through your cervix into the uterus to suction a small piece of endometrial tissue.

Hysteroscopy: Using a flexible tube equipped with a camera, the doctor visually inspects the endometrium and extracts biopsy samples.

Dilation and Curettage (D&C): If biopsy results are inconclusive, this procedure involves dilating the cervix and scraping tissue from the endometrium.

Samples collected during these tests are sent to a lab for analysis. If endometrial cancer is confirmed, further tests will be ordered to determine the extent of its spread. Blood tests, X-rays, and other imaging methods might be utilized for this purpose.

Different types of endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer develops from mucus-producing glands known as adenocarcinomas. Less common forms of endometrial cancer include:

• Uterine carcinosarcoma (CS)
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Small cell carcinoma
• Transitional carcinoma
• Serous carcinoma

There are two types of endometrial cancer:

• Type 1- These are slow-growing and do not easily extend to other organs or tissues.
• Type 2 – These spread quickly and extend outside of the uterus.

Type 1 cancers are common in comparison to type 2 cancers and are easy to treat.

How is endometrial cancer treated?

Treatment options for endometrial depend upon factors like cancer type, stage, and your overall health. There are different treatment options and each approach comes with potential benefits and risks, which your doctor will discuss with you.

Surgery: The main surgical treatment is a hysterectomy, where the uterus is removed. Sometimes ovaries and fallopian tubes are also taken out (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Lymph nodes near the uterus might be removed to check for spread, known as lymphadenectomy. Additional surgeries could be advised if the cancer has spread further.

Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy employs high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. External beam radiation targets the uterus from outside, while internal radiation (brachytherapy) places radioactive materials inside the vagina or uterus. Your doctor can recommend either one or both of these. These can follow surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Depending on the type, it could be taken orally or intravenously. It's recommended if cancer has spread or returned after treatment.

Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs designed to attack specific changes in cancer cells. Immunotherapy enhances the immune system's ability to recognize and combat cancer cells. These newer approaches are often used with chemotherapy or each other.

Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy involves using hormones or hormone-blocking drugs to alter hormone levels. This slows cancer cell growth. It might be suggested for stage III or IV cancer, or for cancer that has returned.

Your doctor's treatment recommendation is guided by your unique circumstances. They'll consider cancer specifics, your overall health, and your preferences to design the most suitable plan.

Can endometrial cancer be prevented?

While this condition cannot be prevented, a number of factors can help lower the risk of endometrial cancer:

• Maintaining a healthy weight: This can lessen the chances of developing endometrial cancer. It also lowers the chances of return of the cancer if you develop it.
• Workout regularly: Few minutes of workout have been linked to lowering chances of cancer development.
• Treatment in case of abnormal vaginal bleeding: It is important to treat vaginal bleeding. Even if it is caused by endometrial hyperplasia, it is wise to consult a doctor and discuss the available treatment options.
• Discussing benefits and disadvantages of hormone therapy: In case your doctor decides to go for HRT then do discuss the benefits and drawbacks associated with the therapy.  
• Discuss the benefits of contraceptives: it has been found that contraceptive pills and IUDs have been associated with lowering the risk of endometrial cancer. Check with your doctor about the potential benefits and drawbacks associated with the treatment.
• Monitoring family history for cancer: It is recommended to discuss with your doctor if anyone in the family has previously been affected by them, especially ovarian or colon cancer.  Genetic testing might help.

Conclusion

Endometrial cancer is a serious health condition. Hopefully, this blog helped you understand what is endometrial cancer, endometrial cancer causes and risk factors. You should have also understood types of endometrial cancer. However, such diseases always lead to financial consequences. Hence, it is important to consider investing in health insurance for cancer. A health insurance for cancer can provide the necessary financial support in case one is diagnosed with endometrial cancer. By detecting cancer early and making the appropriate choices, you can effectively combat this disease.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

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• What is Cancer Insurance Waiting Period?
• How To Choose Health Insurance Plan With Cancer Coverage
• Brain Cancer Treatment: Options & Insights

Bladder cancer, although still unknown in India, has emerged as a significant health concern. As the name suggests, it occurs when cells in the bladder become cancerous, and if left untreated, can have severe complications. The good news is that there is plenty of information available to help understand this form of cancer and its treatment options. Whether you or someone you know has been recently diagnosed with bladder cancer, or if you simply want to learn more about this disease, it's important to have a basic understanding of what it means. In this article, we will understand what is bladder cancer, what are the symptoms of bladder cancer, and its causes. We will also understand the types of bladder cancer, the risks associated with it, as well as the process of diagnosing bladder cancer and its treatment. We will also look at its treatment, outlook towards it, and how to prevent it.

What is bladder cancer?

Bladder cancer develops when there is growth and multiplication of abnormal cells in the bladder. These abnormal cells in the bladder have the tendency to convert into a tumour and have the ability to spread to other organs in the body.

Other forms of cancer have the potential to extend to the bladder, but the name of the cancer is known by the organ from where it originates. This severe disease is the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide.

Symptoms of bladder cancer

So, what are the symptoms of bladder cancer? A number of varying symptoms can be identified among individuals such as:

• Presence of blood in the urine, making its appearance bright red or rust-colored, and sometimes invisible.
• Pain during urination.
• Frequent urge to urinate.
• Sudden urge for urination.
• Unintentional leakage in the bladder, known as urine incontinence.

Bladder cancer is known to have other symptoms as well, if it has affected other parts of the body, namely:

• Discomfort in the abdomen
• One-sided pain in the lower body
• Fatigue
• Losing weight without any exercise
• Loss of appetite
• Joint pain
• Swelling in feet

Causes of bladder cancer

Cancer mainly arises when mutations in the cell lead to their growth of abnormal and unwanted growth, resulting in the rapid multiplication of these cells. If left untreated, this can lead to the spread of these cells to other tissues and muscles. These mutations can be caused by certain factors like exposure to toxic chemicals.

Certain other conditions also come into play that increase our chances of developing bladder cancer. This includes smoking, family history of cancer,radiation therapy and more.

Risk factors associated with bladder cancer

There are a number of factors associated with the growth of bladder cancer cells, which may include:

• Smoking cigarettes (Research points out that people who smoke cigarettes on a regular basis are three times more likely to develop bladder cancer in comparison to a person who is a non-smoker)
• Being exposed to chemicals that can cause cancer such as dyes, paint products, rubber, and metal among the few
• Family history of the disease
• Suffer from schistosomiasis a parasite that is known to cause bladder infection
• Drinking contaminated water
• Certain supplements and medicine consumption
• Prior exposure to chemotherapy medications cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) or ifosfamide (lfex)
• Radiation treatment used to treat pelvic area cancer
• Suffering from bladder infections frequently
• Use of urinary catheters for a long time
• Drinking fluids inadequately
• Defects in the bladder

While cancer can affect just about anyone, there are certain other factors that can influence your risk of developing cancer:

• If you are a male by birth
• You fall into the age group of 55 or above
• You have a white complexion

Types of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is classified based on the specific cells involved that turn abnormal. This classification encompasses:

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

It is also known as urothelial carcinoma. It is a prevalent form of bladder cancer. It initiates within transitional cells located in the bladder's inner layer. These adaptable cells can change shape without impairment when the bladder tissue stretches.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This bladder cancer develops after prolonged bladder infection or irritation. This type emerges from thin, flat squamous cells within the bladder. These cells undergo changes due to extended irritation.

Adenocarcinoma

It is formed from glandular cells following persistent bladder inflammation. Adenocarcinoma involves cells that compose mucus-secreting glands in the body.

Small Cell Carcinoma

It originates in neuroendocrine cells. These cells release hormones into the bloodstream under the guidance of the nervous system's signals.

How is bladder cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosing bladder cancer involves various steps if you have symptoms or lab findings or urinalysis results suggest it. After reviewing the patient’s medical history, the doctor might also conduct a physical exam, which might include checking for lumps in the vagina or rectum. Then your doctor can order tests for a conclusive diagnosis. These tests may include:

• Cystoscopy: A slender tube with a camera is inserted via your urethra to see inside the bladder.
• Biopsy: A small bladder tissue sample is taken for cancer testing.
• CT Scan or IVP: These scans offer detailed bladder views.
• Urine Tumor Marker Test: Identifies certain bladder cancer types.

Further tests might be needed to stage the cancer and detect its presence in other body areas. These include CT scans, MRI scans, chest X-rays, and bone scans.

To communicate the extent of the spread of cancer, doctors use the staging system:

• Stage 0: It means that the cancer is limited to the bladder lining.
• Stage 1: It means that the cancer has spread beyond the lining but not to the muscle layer.
• Stage 2: It means that the cancer has extended to the bladder muscle.
• Stage 3: It means that the cancer has progressed to surrounding tissues.
• Stage 4: It means that the cancer has reached neighboring regions

Stages can also be detailed further to provide a clearer picture of the cancer's spread.

How is bladder cancer treated?

Bladder cancer treatment depends upon the stage of the cancer and other factors like your overall health. Your doctor will collaborate with you to devise the most suitable plan.

For stage 0 and 1 bladder cancer, treatment options include:

• Surgery: To eliminate the tumor.
• Chemotherapy: Employing drugs to target cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Medications that stimulate your immune system to attack cancer cells.

Stage 2 and 3 bladder cancer treatments may involve:

• Partial Bladder Removal: Extracting a portion of the bladder.
• Radical Cystectomy: Removing the entire bladder, followed by creating a new path for urine exit.
• Chemotherapy: Medication-based cancer treatment.
• Radiation Therapy: Precisely directed radiation to target cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Stimulating your immune system against cancer.

Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy serve various purposes, such as shrinking tumors pre-surgery, addressing cancer without surgery, managing residual cancer cells post-surgery, and preventing cancer recurrence.

Stage 4 bladder cancer treatments encompass:

• Radical Cystectomy: Removing bladder and nearby lymph nodes, followed by a new urine exit pathway.
• Chemotherapy: Medications for cancer treatment.
• Radiation Therapy: Directed radiation.
• Immunotherapy: Enhancing immune response.
• Clinical Trial Drugs: Investigational treatments.

The patient’s overall health determines whether treatments focus on cancer cell removal or alleviating symptoms. Patients can also choose to participate in clinical trials to explore new treatment avenues.

Outlook towards bladder cancer

The outlook depends upon various factors, including the stage and type of cancer, age factor, overall health of an individual, and prevailing medical condition and response to the cancer treatment.

As per the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the five-year survival rates of bladder cancer are 71% for cancer that has not gone beyond the bladder. For cancer that has reached near the lymph nodes the survival rate is 39%.  It is 8% for metastatic bladder cancer that has extended to the other parts of the body.  For carcinoma in situ that has not spread beyond the bladder lining the survival rate is around 97%.

Healthcare professionals use the 5-year survival rate to show how a disease is expected to turn out. It shows us the percentage of people who were diagnosed with bladder cancer and are still alive after 5 years of disease diagnosis. It is based on averages and may not predict a patient’s life expectancy.

Prevention against bladder cancer

It is not yet exactly known what causes bladder cancer, be it urinary bladder cancer or gallbladder cancer. But, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of bladder cancer. Chief among these is quitting smoking or avoiding it altogether if you currently smoke. Secondhand smoke should also be evaded to limit exposure. Furthermore, safeguarding yourself from carcinogenic chemicals is essential. In case you work with such substances make sure you use appropriate safety equipment when working with such substances. Another beneficial measure is to maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of water.

Conclusion

Now that you understand this bladder cancer better, it's important to be aware of how you are vulnerable or connected to someone who has bladder cancer. This could involve knowing more about family history, getting the right health insurance, being mindful of any persistent changes in your body, and lastly remaining aware about other lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise. Ultimately, it's up to each individual to take responsibility when recognizing the severity of bladder cancer; however, if diagnosed correctly and at an early stage, recovery should not be a far-fetched dream. With these tips in mind, you can join the fight against bladder cancer and support those who have been affected by it.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

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Introduction 

Fallopian tube cancer or tubal cancer is a rare form of cancer in women associated with BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 gene mutations. It develops in the fallopian tubes that connect the ovaries and the uterus. Ignoring the early symptoms can eventually cause the removal of the uterus and the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Our focus should be on understanding how fallopian cancer begins and recent advancements in its diagnosis and treatment, especially in the early stages.

What is Fallopian Tube Cancer? 

The fallopian tubes are part of the female reproductive system on each side of the pelvis. Fallopian tube cancer usually begins in the tube or oviduct gland cells that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. These eggs are released each month and pass out as menstrual blood if not fertilised by sperm. Studies have reported that fallopian cancer cases are rare, with only 1,500-2,000 cases reported globally to date.

Symptoms of Fallopian Tube Cancer 

Fallopian tube cancer symptoms are difficult to detect early and easy to dismiss as nothing serious. It is always worthwhile to consult a gynaecologist in case of irregular menstruation, any abnormalities related to the reproductive system, or if you have a history of cancer risk in the family. The symptoms of fallopian tube cancer usually are:

• Vaginal bleeding not associated with menstruation
• Irregular periods
• Watery or white vaginal discharge that contains blood
• Back pain
• Bleeding from the vagina after menopause
• Swelling in the lower abdomen
• Pain in the lower belly
• Constipation
• Experiencing pain during intercourse
• Fatigue
• Frequent urination

Causes of Fallopian Tube Cancer 

The causes behind fallopian tube cancer are still not clear, but the cancer typically starts somewhere else in the body before spreading to the fallopian tubes as metastatic cancer. Experts say fallopian tube cancer may account for up to 70% of all epithelial ovarian cancers. The exact reason is yet to be ascertained, but women who have never given birth or breastfed a child post-delivery may have a higher chance of developing it. The risk factors behind fallopian tube cancer are: 

• Women aged between 50 and 60 years are at a higher risk 
• Post-menopause conditions can also lead to this disease; if not treated properly it triggers the cells of the female reproductive system to mutate
• Early menstruation (before age 12) or late menopause
• Inherited gene mutations (such as BRCA)
• A family history of ovarian or breast cancer 
• Infertility or having no pregnancies
• Obesity during early adulthood

How is Fallopian Tube Cancer Diagnosed? 

It can be difficult to diagnose fallopian tube cancer as the symptoms are not discernible in the initial stages. Even so, the doctor will first enquire about any suspected symptoms based on medical history and conduct a thorough physical examination. Subsequently, the gynecologic oncologist may recommend any of the following procedures:

1. Biopsy: In this procedure, tissue in the affected area is surgically removed and sent to a pathologist to determine the presence of cancerous cells. This method can stop such cells from spreading to nearby organs. 
2. CA 125 blood test: This test measures the level of CA 125 protein that sometimes indicates the presence of ovarian cancer in the blood.
3. Pelvic examination: The doctor inserts a speculum into the vagina to inspect the cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes for any lump. The doctor may ask for a Pap test, whereby a thin tool is used to scrape some cells from the cervix, and the sample is sent to a pathology lab to check for cancer cells.
4. Ultrasound: In this method, high-energy sound waves are used to create echoes that form a picture of the pelvic area tissues.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: This powerful technique uses magnets and radio waves to take pictures of the fallopian tubes.
6. Computed Tomography (CT) scan: This technique uses a powerful X-ray that takes detailed pictures of the interior body parts.

How is Fallopian Tube Cancer Treated? 

The treatment for fallopian tube cancer is similar to ovarian cancer treatment, through two main methods—surgery and chemotherapy. 

Oncologist surgeons try to remove the fallopian tubes and the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and other affected areas. Chemotherapy is suggested if surgery cannot remove all of the cancer —HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy). This procedure involves placing heated chemotherapy in the fallopian tube area that removes the tumour and reduces the recurrence chance. The chemotherapy drugs commonly used to kill cancer cells are carboplatin and paclitaxel. Targeted therapy treatment is mainly used to identify and attack specific cancer cells using two types of targeted therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Researchers and scientists are still looking for ways to cure fallopian tube cancer completely, and several clinical trials are underway.

With cancer comes the burden of hefty treatment costs that eventually exhaust people’s lifetime savings, let alone the tension and anxiety of what is to become of a loved one. Hence, a health insurance plan that ensures adequate health coverage and helps to settle cancer treatment costs is highly recommended for everyone. For one, you can explore the ICICI Lombard health insurance policy and learn about the amazing benefits it provides to the insured.

Pregnancy After Fallopian Tube Cancer 

Women affected with fallopian tube cancer may fail at childbearing, but proper diagnosis and adequate treatment can address this issue. However, pregnancy becomes difficult if the patient is in the fourth stage of cancer, as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus are affected by cancer cells.

The treatment procedure comprises: 

• Surgery to remove ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus can negate pregnancy chances forever.
• Chemotherapy can also damage the fallopian tube by inducing early menopause. 
• However, pregnancy is possible if both ovaries are removed and the embryo and eggs are frozen before surgery. Consulting a doctor is highly recommended before conceiving to avoid any sort of risk during pregnancy.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

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• Uterine Cancer: Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Introduction 

What is thymus cancer? This is a common question exasperated patients ask their doctors. Let us find out what thymus cancer is and gain knowledge about this rare cancer type. The thymus is a small organ in the upper chest above the heart and behind the sternum (breastbone). Thymus cancer occurs when cells mutate, become malignant, and grow out of control. This cancer type is common among middle-aged adults and individuals 70 years or older.

What is Thymus Cancer? 

The thymus is a small gland that plays a vital function in maintaining the body’s immune system. The thymus produces white blood cells called lymphocytes that protect us from viral and bacterial infections. The two main types of thymus cancer are thymoma carcinoma and thymic carcinoma. Thymoma cancer is more common, grows slowly, and can spread to other body parts. Thymic carcinoma develops more quickly and also spreads to other body parts. 

Symptoms of Thymus Cancer 

Most thymus cancer patients do not show symptoms until the tumour grows large enough to start pressing on nearby organs or blood vessels in the chest. The symptoms can include persistent cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, drooping eyelids, loss of appetite, double vision, dizziness, low red blood cell count, and unexplained weight loss. Many people develop an autoimmune disorder called myasthenia gravis (weakening of skeletal muscles) with the onset of this thymus tumour. 

How is Thymus Cancer Diagnosed? 

A thymus tumour can be detected with imaging tests such as chest X-ray, CT scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan, and blood test. The doctor will enquire the patient about their health history, symptoms, risk factors, and family history regarding the disease. Once the tumour is surgically removed, the surgeon sends it to the pathologist who examines the tumour for cancerous growth. Doctors sometimes inject a special dye called contrast medium on the patient before the scan for clearer details of the image. 

The TNM staging system is used to assess the various stages of thymus cancer, from stage 1 to stage 4, based on the size of the tumour (T), spread to lymph nodes (N), and the indication of metastasis (M), or its spread to other parts of the body. Stage 1 is non-invasive, while stage 4 indicates the cancer’s spread to distant organs such as the liver or kidneys. Diagnosis is most critical as it helps healthcare professionals determine the ways to treat the cancer.

How is Thymus Cancer Treated? 

Treatment is primarily aimed at reducing the size of the tumour. Patients diagnosed with thymoma and thymic carcinoma undergo different types of treatments, including the following treatment methods depending on the type of thymus cancer detected. 

Doctors recommend treatment procedures according to the size and spread of the tumour in the body, which include: 

1. Surgery: Under this procedure, the tissue affected by the growth of cancer cells is surgically removed to prevent further spread to nearby organs.
2. Radiotherapy: This therapy is one of the most popular and effective medical treatments to treat thymus cancer patients. Radio oncologists use radioactive chemicals or X-rays to kill the DNA structure of cancerous cells under this therapy.
3. Chemotherapy: In this treatment procedure, the doctor adopts a chemical treatment administered through an intravenous drip that helps in blocking cell growth, and cancerous cells lose their ability to reproduce in the thymus area.
4. Targeted Therapy: This type of treatment is mainly used to identify and attack specific cancer cells in the body. Targeted therapy includes tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target rapamycin inhibitors.
5. Immunotherapy: In immunotherapy, doctors try to improve a patient's immune response by prescribing drugs such as Pembrolizumab, Cetuximab, and Nivolumab to fight cancer cells. Immunotherapy can be done if thymic carcinoma has not responded to chemotherapy.
6. Clinical trial: A clinical trial is a study that is done to test the safety and effectiveness of new or different cancer treatments. 

Coping With Thymus Cancer

Coping with a rare type of cancer as thymus cancer can be extremely challenging, causing worry, depression, and stress among the patient and their near and dear ones. The patient’s family should remain in constant touch with the concerned healthcare team if the patient faces any problems during the treatment procedure. Family members and friends often play an important role in taking care of a person suffering from a thymic tumour. They must function as caregivers, providing physical, practical, and emotional support to the patient as undergoing cancer treatment can be hard on the mind and body. 

Reducing financial stress at such times is among the most crucial aspects of the treatment stage for both patients and their families. It is in moments like these that solid health coverage becomes priceless. For instance, the ICICI Lombard health insurance policy can readily help such individuals offset cancer treatment costs.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

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From speaking to singing and from breathing to swallowing-the throat plays an incredibly important role in how we engage with the world around us. Everyone, regardless of their age, gender or lifestyle, relies on the health of their throat for a range of activities. Taking good care of your throat should be near the top of everyone’s list when considering their overall wellness. Understanding the signs and symptoms of a more serious condition like throat cancer can help ensure that any issue you may have with such a delicate area gets addressed quickly and appropriately. With this in mind, it’s essential that you understand just what impacts your throat’s health and take actionable steps towards looking after it on a daily basis.

What is Throat Cancer?

Throat cancer, in everyday language, refers to cancer that begins in your throat. However, doctors and medical experts prefer to use more precise terms because the throat area can be affected by various types of cancers. When you have medical appointments, your healthcare provider will explain the exact type of cancer you're dealing with using the correct medical terms.

For instance, cancer that starts in the thyroid gland at the front of your neck is called thyroid cancer. Cancer that begins in the tube that typically carries food to your stomach is known as esophageal cancer. Similarly, cancer that originates in the windpipe, also called the trachea, is called tracheal cancer.

Types of Throat Cancer  

The following are some of the most commonly known types of neck cancer.

• Oropharyngeal cancer: This type typically impacts the area situated just behind your mouth. Nasopharyngeal cancer: This typically emerges in the area behind your nose.
• Laryngeal cancer: This cancer refers to tumours forming within your vocal cords. The origin of the cancer can be from different parts of your voice box.
• Glottic cancer: If you encounter glottic cancer, it affects your vocal cords located in the middle of your larynx. Notably, more than half of all laryngeal cancer cases begin in this region.
• Subglottic cancer: This cancer starts beneath your vocal cords, in the lower portion of your voice box. Supraglottic cancer originates in the upper part of your larynx and might typically include the epiglottis; it is the cartilage that prevents food from entering your windpipe.

Symptoms of Throat Cancer

Listed below are some of the most commonly known throat cancer symptoms:

• Keep an eye out for recurring nosebleeds.
• The tumour's presence can affect your voice, making it quieter, huskier, or resembling a perpetual cold.
• Throat cancer can make eating and swallowing painful and difficult, leading to weight loss, a common symptom in various cancer types.
• You might encounter pain or a burning sensation when chewing or swallowing, as the tumour interferes with these actions.

Causes of Throat Cancer

The following are some of the popular risk factors that can potentially become one of the throat cancer reasons.

• If you are a man, you have a 4 to 5 times greater likelihood of developing throat cancer compared to women.
• If you have been exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV) through sexual activity with an infected partner, you are at risk of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.
• While those over 55 years of age face a higher risk, it's crucial to note that even younger individuals can also be affected by these types of cancer.
• If you use tobacco products like cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, or snuff, you need to be aware that these increase your risk of cancer. An astonishing 85% of cancer cases are linked to tobacco use. In addition to direct smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke and smoking marijuana can further raise this risk.
• If you have difficulty swallowing and are iron deficient, be aware that you are at a higher risk of throat cancer due to this condition.
• If you happen to frequently consume alcohol in excessive amounts, you are significantly increasing your chances of developing cancer. Combining alcohol with tobacco usage intensifies this risk more.
• If your occupation exposes you to harmful substances like asbestos, wood dust, paint fumes, or specific chemicals, your risk of developing cancer significantly increases.

Can Throat Cancer Be Prevented?

While you can't completely prevent throat cancer, you have the power to significantly reduce your risk by avoiding risk factors such as:

• Pay close attention to your diet. Opt for a healthy diet that typically includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, minimally processed meats, sugary drinks, and highly processed foods.
• Practise safe sexual habits, like limiting oral sex and the number of sexual partners, to minimise your chances of HPV exposure.
• Stop or limit your consumption of alcohol. Avoid smoking as well.

How is Throat Cancer Diagnosed?

The specific tests chosen depend on factors like the suspected cancer type, your neck cancer symptoms, age, general health, and previous medical results.

Your diagnostic process starts with a physical examination and lab tests. The doctor will inspect your neck, lips, gums, cheeks, nose, mouth, throat, and tongue for any anomalies such as a throat cancer lump.

A biopsy, involving microscopic examination of tissue samples, would provide a conclusive throat cancer diagnosis. The type of biopsy varies based on the cancer's location. Through the use of a laryngoscope, your larynx and hypopharynx will be directly examined. This procedure may also involve a biopsy.

When it comes to assessing the spread of cancer, imaging tests become a crucial part of the diagnosis. For example, computed tomography (CT) scans utilise X-rays from various angles, crafting a detailed 3D image that reveals irregularities or tumours.

What are the Different Stages of Throat Cancer?

The following are the different stages of throat and neck cancer.

The stages of early throat cancer involves the presence of abnormal cells within your throat lining that have the potential to develop into cancer.

As you advance to stage 1, the tumour measures no more than two centimetres, and the malignancy hasn't infiltrated your lymph nodes.

Progressing to stage 2, your tumour expands beyond two centimetres but remains under four centimetres in size. The cancer hasn't extended into your lymph nodes.

As you transition to stage 3, the throat cancer is more advanced. This stage involves either a tumour surpassing four centimetres in size, or the involvement of a lymph node on the same side of your neck as the tumour.

Finally, stage 4 denotes the utmost advancement of throat cancer for you. The tumour's size is variable, but will have spread to various regions, including neighbouring tissues like your neck, trachea, thyroid, oesophagus, jaw, and mouth. In the most severe cases, the cancer might have travelled to remote body parts, such as your lungs.

How is Throat Cancer Treated?

• Your throat cancer treatment options are typically customised for you by several factors, including your throat or neck cancer stage, the location of cancer, the type of cells involved, the presence of HPV infection, your overall health, and your personal preferences. The following are some of the most common throat cancer treatments:
• Chemotherapy employs drugs to eliminate cancer cells. It's often combined with radiation to enhance effectiveness. Radiation therapy employs high-energy beams like X-rays and protons to target and eliminate cancer cells. For small cancers or those not affecting lymph nodes, radiation alone may suffice.
• Targeted drug therapy targets specific defects in cancer cells to inhibit their growth.
• Surgical interventions will vary based on the cancer's location and stage. Minor cancers on the throat's surface or vocal cords may be treated with endoscopic procedures. This involves inserting a hollow endoscope, along with specialised tools or a laser, to remove the cancer. Larger tumours might require complete voice box removal, with techniques available for speech restoration. Smaller cancers may require you to opt for partial throat removal (laryngectomy) with reconstruction to restore swallowing.
• Immunotherapy utilises your immune system to combat cancer by counteracting cancer cell proteins that suppress the immune response. This method is typically reserved for advanced cases that don't respond to standard treatments.
• Post-treatment rehabilitation addresses complications, involving specialists to restore swallowing, eating, and speaking abilities.

Living with Throat Cancer

In your journey with throat and neck cancer, staying vigilant during post-treatment monitoring becomes very important.

• Regular blood tests evaluate your thyroid function, while dental check-ups focus on managing radiation-related concerns. If needed, speech, hearing, and swallowing rehabilitation help address any post-treatment challenges you might encounter.
• As you move forward, it is important to remember to stay on top of your health insurance to ensure continued coverage. Keeping a record of your medical history proves very valuable in communicating effectively with new doctors and specialists you may encounter on your recovery journey.
• It's crucial to promptly communicate any new problems or concerns to your doctors. By doing so, you aid in the early detection of any potential issues, contributing to your overall well-being.
• If your sense of smell is impacted, olfactory rehabilitation can help restore it. The impact of treatment on your intimacy is also a consideration that your healthcare team can assist you with.

Conclusion

Throat cancer comes in various forms and stages, each requiring personalised approaches. Detecting it early is key, which is why regular medical check-ups and staying vigilant about your health are essential. Working closely with healthcare experts and promptly addressing any health concerns are vital steps in managing cancer effectively. Always invest in good health insurance to get adequate coverage for your treatment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

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Dyspnea is the medical term for “shortness of breath” when you can’t get air into your lungs. Whether caused by an underlying medical condition, illness, or physical exertion, dyspnea can be truly frightening to experience. In this article, we’ll explore everything there is to know about dyspnea.

What is Dyspnea?

So, what is dyspnea? Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is often described as an intense tightening in the chest. A person finds it difficult to breathe and feels suffocated. The main causes for dyspnea can be strenuous exercises, extreme temperatures and obesity. There are two types of dyspnea—acute and chronic.

Acute dyspnea is a condition that comes quickly and doesn’t last very long. Allergies, anxiety, exercise and the common cold or the flu can bring this on. Chronic dyspnea lasts longer, i.e., several weeks or longer, or keeps returning. This can occur due to serious health conditions like asthma, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). If you have dyspnea, you should see your doctor as soon as possible.

Symptoms of Dyspnea

Shortness of breath can feel different for every person, and its symptoms depend on what’s causing it. Some common signs and dyspnea symptoms include:

• Chest tightness
• Laboured breathing
• Shortness of breath
• The feeling of forceful breathing
• Rapid breathing tachypnea
• Increased heart rate
• Feeling of suffocation
• Noisy breathing or wheezing
• Heart palpitations
• Coughing

Causes of Dyspnea

Many health conditions like heart or lung diseases can cause dyspnea. Your heart and lungs are the main part of the respiratory system, responsible for providing your body with oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. So, if either of these isn’t working right, you can end up with excess or too little carbon dioxide in your blood, and in such a condition, you breathe harder to get more oxygen in or get carbon dioxide out. Engaging in intense workouts or visiting places at high altitudes are common causes of dyspnea. Resistance in airflow due to blockages or inflammation in your lungs can also lead to this condition.

Other health conditions that are the main shortness of breath causes involve:

Lung and airway conditions:

• Asthma
• Allergies
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Respiratory illnesses like bronchitis, flu, COVID-19
• Pneumonia
• Inflammation around your lungs
• Pleural effusion
• Pulmonary edema inside the lung
• Scarring or fibrosis inside the lungs
• Lung cancer
• High blood pressure in your lungs causes pulmonary hypertension
• Tuberculosis
• Partial or complete collapsed lung
• Blood clotting or pulmonary embolism

Heart and blood conditions:

• Anaemia
• Heart failure
• Cardiomyopathy
• Abnormal heart rhythm
• Endocarditis
• Pericarditis
• Myocarditis

Other conditions:

• Anxiety
• Broken ribs causing difficulty in breathing
• Some medicines like statins or beta-blockers that are used to treat high blood pressure
• Body mass index above 30
• Lack of exercise
• Sleep apnea (that can cause paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

Diagnosis of Dyspnea

To diagnose dyspnea, your healthcare provider will ask for a medical history and perform a physical exam, including listening to your lungs and heart with a stethoscope and noting your blood pressure. You need to explain the episode of the attack with specific details like how long it lasted, how severe it was, and if you get them frequently.

The doctor may order other additional testing, including:

• Chest X-ray: In this technique, pictures of the inside of your chest are taken to know if there’s an issue with your lungs.
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan: This technique involves the use of powerful X-rays that make detailed pictures inside of our body scan.
• Blood Tests: These are done to assess the effectiveness of treatment by taking white and red blood cell counts to look for anaemia or other illnesses.
• Lung function tests. Tests are run to check lung strength and blood oxygen levels to see how well you are breathing.
• Cardiopulmonary exercise testing. This technique involves using a treadmill or stationary bike to check the amount of oxygen you take in and the carbon dioxide you release while exercising to see respiratory activities.
• Echocardiogram: Doctors may use an echocardiogram to assess heart function to assess how blood flows through the heart and heart valves. It creates a picture of the heart using sound waves to find abnormalities, if any.

Treatment of Dyspnea

A person with dyspnea is treated based on what is causing it. For example, if the cause of dyspnea is anaemia, the doctor may prescribe iron supplements. Other forms of dyspnea treatment include:

Diet and exercise

If obesity and difficulty managing your fitness levels are causing dyspnea, a balanced diet and frequent exercise can help reduce the symptoms. It has been reported that moderate weight loss without exercise can also help people deal with obesity, which will help reduce symptoms of dyspnea.

Pulmonary rehabilitation

A pulmonary lung condition like COPD requires the care of a pulmonologist, a doctor who specialises in the health of your lungs and respiratory system. They will treat the patient with medications and breathing exercises to improve lung functioning and muscle strength and increase exercise endurance and conditioning. These dyspnea patients may need supplemental oxygen in a portable tank to help keep them from feeling out of breath.

Cardiac rehabilitation

Dyspnea is usually one of several symptoms of heart failure, whose treatment involves cardiac rehabilitation. This treatment consists of using an artificial pump to assist heart function and help manage heart failure and other heart-related conditions.

How Can Dyspnea Be Prevented?

Preventing dyspnea means avoiding or managing its possible causes to control shortness of breath. This can be done using the following methods:

• Treating underlying conditions

Underlying health disorders such as lung disease, heart disease and obesity, among others, can treat dyspnea. It’s important to follow the proper treatment plan suggested by the doctor.

• Avoiding air pollution

Air pollution and airborne diseases can also cause respiratory problems and may lead to breathing problems. It is important to use safety measures like wearing masks in places with poor air quality to prevent such diseases.

• Maintaining a moderate weight.

Maintaining a healthy weight and BMI can help a person avoid dyspnea. If you are obese, it is important to seek help from a dietician and nutritionist to maintain a healthy weight.

• Avoiding over-exertion

Intense and strenuous workouts can cause short-term dyspnea. So, minimising such activities can prevent this condition.

• Avoiding asthma triggers
• Quitting smoking
• Avoiding inhaling harmful chemicals and fumes that can irritate your lungs
• Practising relaxation exercises

When Should You Call the Doctor?

Contact a healthcare provider if you have experienced severe shortness of breath, chest pain, or light-headedness. Such symptoms can be a sign of a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. After assessing the symptoms and causes of the dyspnea, your doctor will provide treatment to help you breathe better. You may also experience dyspnea if you have symptoms of COPD and pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs with symptoms of chills, fever and coughing that produces phlegm. The phlegm can cause more difficulty in breathing alongside dyspnea, and you may have to rush to the hospital to treat it.

Conclusion

Dyspnea, meaning shortness of breath, is characterised by sudden or severe shortness of breath, alongside symptoms like nausea, chest pain or blue skin, and heart palpitations. If you’re experiencing shortness of breath regularly due to an underlying condition like lung and heart disease, speak to your healthcare provider about managing your symptoms. Don’t let dyspnea hold you back from living your best life. Stay informed and proactive in taking good care of your health. And as always, breathe deeply and live fully! Having health insurance can provide access to timely medical care and resources to help manage conditions like dyspnea effectively.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

The liver truly is a remarkable organ. As our body’s detoxifier, it filters out all sorts of toxins every day, helping us stay healthy. Unfortunately, the liver is not invincible, and fatty liver disease (FLD) can be a real threat to our well-being. This disease occurs when there is a buildup of fat in the liver. With its ability to quietly develop over many years without causing obvious symptoms, FLD has gained the reputation as a “silent epidemic”. Furthermore, many people are unaware of this severe condition and its various forms. Today, we will answer the question, “What is fatty liver disease,” and delve into its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and more.

What is Fatty Liver Disease?

The liver is the largest organ within the body, which helps us digest food, store energy, and remove toxins from the body. However, a condition called fatty liver disease can put this organ in danger. This disease occurs when too much fat accumulates in the liver, which, if left untreated, can cause serious health problems such as cirrhosis (scarring) and liver failure. It is mainly caused due to heavy alcohol consumption or due to certain medical conditions such as diabetes. FLD is of two main types: nonalcoholic and alcoholic, but it also occurs in other forms.

Although the condition can be asymptomatic in its early stages, diagnosing and managing it early on is essential. With proper diet changes, exercise, and medication, fatty liver disease can be prevented and managed effectively.

Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease, also called steatosis liver disease (SLD), doesn’t always show symptoms and is usually a silent disease with few or no symptoms. It usually progresses through four main stages. These are:

• Simple Fatty Liver: Excess fat builds up in the liver but is generally harmless unless it progresses further.
• Steatohepatitis: Along with excess fat, inflammation occurs in the liver.
• Fibrosis: Inflammation leads to scarring, but the liver can still function relatively well.
• Cirrhosis: Widespread scarring impairs the liver’s function, making this stage the most severe and irreversible.

People notice fatty liver symptoms once it has progressed to cirrhosis, which is when they may experience:

• Swollen belly
• Enlarged blood vessels
• Enlarged spleen
• Yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark-coloured urine
• Pale stools
• Swelling in the abdomen (ascites)
• Edema
• Bleeding in the oesophagus, stomach, or rectum
• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Malaise
• Larger-than-normal breasts in men
• Red palms
• Nausea
• Tiredness or fatigue
• Mental confusion

If you experience any of these symptoms, meet your doctor as soon as possible. This is because cirrhosis causes permanent liver damage, which can impact your quality of life. You can stop fatty liver from progressing and causing complications by following a doctor’s recommended treatment plan.

Causes of Fatty Liver Disease

So, what causes fatty liver disease? Chronic alcohol use is one of the main culprits behind FLD. Consuming too much alcohol can alter certain metabolic processes in the liver and cause Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), a type of FLD. When these metabolic products combine with fatty acids, they form fat that can accumulate in the liver.

Other conditions that cause FLD include:

• Metabolic syndromes like insulin resistance, high cholesterol and high triglycerides
• Type 2 diabetes
• Obesity
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Hypothyroidism (low levels of thyroid hormones)
• Hypopituitarism (low levels of pituitary gland hormones)
• Hypogonadism (low levels of sex hormones)

Other potential causes of fatty liver disease:

• Pregnancy (very rarely)
• Side effects from some types of medications, including amiodarone, diltiazem, tamoxifen, or steroids, build up fat in your liver.
• Infections such as hepatitis C
• Certain rare genetic conditions

Risk Factors Associated with Fatty Liver Disease

The main risk factor for developing Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is heavy alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking is defined in terms of grams of alcohol consumed or the number of drinks consumed weekly. To clarify, a standard drink contains about 14g of alcohol. Thus, heavy drinking is defined as:

• 15 or more drinks per week for men, or 40–80 grams (g) of alcohol per day
• 8 or more drinks per week for women or 20–40 g of alcohol per day

Other risk factors include:

• Being overweight
• Being malnourished
• Have chronic viral hepatitis C
• Insulin resistance due to type-2 diabetes
• High amounts of triglycerides or Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or reduced levels of good High-Density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
• Rapid weight loss
• Exposure to harmful toxic fumes of chemicals

Some less common reasons factors to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) include:

• Medical conditions affecting fat storage
• Hepatitis C infection
• Taking certain medicines like glucocorticoids, methotrexate, synthetic estrogen, and others
• People who have undergone surgery to remove their gallbladder are more likely to develop NAFLD

It is not necessary that having a single risk factor can cause fatty liver disease, but it does increase your chances of developing it. If you have one or more risk factors for FLD, speak to your doctor about prevention strategies.

Types of Fatty Liver Disease

FLD is classified based on the causes and the conditions associated with the fatty liver. These include:

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one type of fatty liver disease that is not associated with alcohol use. There are two kinds:

• Simple fatty liver: This happens when you have too much fat in your liver but little or no inflammation that can still cause liver damage or complications.
• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): This occurs when your liver exhibits inflammation, fat deposition, and liver cell damage that may further cause fibrosis or scarring. In later stages, it may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

• Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD)

Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), also called alcoholic steatohepatitis, occurs due to heavy consumption of alcohol. In general, the liver breaks down most of the alcohol you consume. It generates harmful substances during this process that can harm the liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken the body’s natural defences. The more alcohol you drink, the more damage it causes to your liver.

• Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

MASLD is known to be a non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease (NASLD). The risk factors for this disease include:

• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Lipid abnormalities

• Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)

Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a serious form of MASLD in which fat buildup causes inflammation, tissue damage, and scarring in the liver.

• MASLD and increased alcohol intake (termed MetALD)

One more type of FLD is MetALD, in which both metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption can build up fat in your liver. The amount of risk for liver damage varies from person to person.

• Cryptogenic SLD

Sometimes, healthcare providers cannot identify the cause of steatosis liver disease and call it cryptogenic SLD.

Diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease

The diagnosis of fatty liver starts with a health history and physical examination because most people don’t have symptoms. The doctor uses different methods to diagnose the condition, which include:

Health history and physical exam

The doctor will first ask about your alcohol use, which will help them figure out the extent of the disease. Your doctor may check for signs of liver issues, such as an enlarged liver or jaundice. They may assess your height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), which will help determine the chances of developing a fatty liver.

Blood tests

The following blood tests are conducted for fatty liver disease:

• Liver function tests to detect and monitor liver damage, if any.
• Fibrosis assessment tests to estimate the level of liver scarring.
• Lipid profile test that measures lipid content in the blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
• Other blood tests for hepatitis C and Wilson disease (a rare genetic condition).
• Haemoglobin A1C, determines how stable your blood sugar is.

Imaging tests

The doctor may ask for an ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT) scans, or even magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports to check how much fat is present in the liver. But these tests can only tell if there is fatty liver and cannot discriminate between simple fatty liver and NASH.

Some tests can detect fibrosis by assessing the stiffness of the liver. When liver cells usually die, they’re replaced by scar tissue, which is stiff. The stiffer the liver is, the more scarring it has.

• Transient elastography is done to measure liver stiffness using a special ultrasound machine named pulse-echo ultrasound acquisitions to measure liver stiffness.
• Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) combines ultrasound and MRI to visually map stiffness caused by inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases.

Liver biopsy

A doctor may need to conduct a liver biopsy if you’re at risk for NASH or if the doctor suspects liver cirrhosis. Here, a doctor extracts a sample of liver tissue and sends it to a lab for examination to look for liver inflammation or damage in the lining of the liver.

Treatment of Fatty Liver Disease  

There’s no specific fatty liver treatment or medication. Instead, doctors guide you to focus on helping you manage risk factors that contribute to the condition of fatty liver, including lifestyle modification and certain medications.

Your healthcare provider may recommend that you:

• Avoid consumption of alcohol: The most crucial part of alcohol-related fatty liver disease treatment is to stop drinking alcohol entirely. You may need a therapist or participate in an alcohol recovery programme to break this habit. Some medicines can help to reduce your craving for alcohol. The doctor will advise you to steer clear of alcohol even if your FLD isn’t related to alcohol use.
• Lose weight: Exercising and changing your eating and drinking patterns under a nutritionist’s supervision can help you lose weight. Certain medications, such as GLP1RA, can also help you lose weight. Doctors may also suggest bariatric surgery to lose weight in a few cases.
• Take medications to manage metabolic conditions: Certain medicines can help you with the metabolic process to manage diabetes, cholesterol, and triglycerides (fat in the blood).
• Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B: Viral infections like hepatitis A and hepatitis B make your body more vulnerable to disease, including liver disease.

Lifestyle Changes Recommended for Fatty Liver Disease

The first-line treatment for fatty liver disease includes treatment that focuses on lifestyle changes like weight loss, dietary control, and increased physical activity. These modifications are similar to the recommendations for metabolic syndrome. They may also be applied for NAFLD, which controls blood glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL levels.

The doctor may recommend specific lifestyle changes depending on your condition and lifestyle habits, which include:

• Weight loss
• Reduction or abstention from alcohol consumption
• Taking a nutrient-rich diet with fewer calories, low saturated fat, and trans fats
• Doing 30 minutes of exercise on most of the days
• Taking vitamin E supplements might help improve alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and reduce liver inflammation.

However, it is always recommended to consult a doctor before you try any new supplement, as they might place stress on your liver or may interact with any ongoing medications.

Diet for Individuals with Fatty Liver Disease

If you have fatty liver disease, the doctor will advise you to make certain changes to treat your condition and lower its complications, including:

• Balance your diet: A balanced diet can help lower the risk of forming fatty liver disease. So, selecting foods from all food groups, like fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, low-fat dairy and healthy fats and oils, is recommended.
• Cut calories: You must always aim to reduce your consumption of foods that are high in calories to maintain a healthy weight.
• Focus on fibre: Increasing the uptake of fibre-rich food in the diet, like millet, fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, can help improve the function of your liver.
• Limit certain foods: People living with fatty liver disease should cut down on certain foods like:
  • Sodium (salt)
  • Refined carbohydrates present in sweeteners, white rice and bread, or other refined grain products
  • Saturated fats present in red meat, full-fat dairy, and fried foods
• Limit alcohol: Talk with a doctor about whether you can have alcohol or not because people with serious liver conditions like AFLD should completely abstain from drinking alcohol entirely.
• Drink water: Staying hydrated by drinking lots of water can help keep your liver hydrated, which can help improve its health.

How can Fatty Liver Disease be Prevented?

Some general tips to prevent FLD tips include:

• Limiting or avoiding the use of alcohol even if your SLD isn’t related to alcohol use.
• Managing your weight by eating a balanced diet, i.e., one that is rich in nutrients and low in saturated fat, trans fat, and refined carbs.
• Taking steps to manage and monitor your blood sugar, triglyceride levels, and cholesterol levels as a rise in blood sugar is linked to fatty liver disease.
• Increasing uptake of fibre-rich food in the diet to help improve the function of your liver
• Doing 30 minutes of exercise on most of the days.

Conclusion

To sum up, fatty liver disease is a warning sign that can help you take steps to avoid a fatal liver condition like cirrhosis or liver cancer. The first form of treatment for fatty liver disease is to make lifestyle modifications to improve your liver health. For people dealing with Alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (AFLD), it is important to abstain from alcohol use entirely to prevent further damage to the liver. Lifestyle modifications and proper management of other medical conditions are crucial for people affected by other forms of FLD. Changes in an early stage can help you protect your liver, improve your health and prevent severe complications of this disease. Having health insurance ensures access to regular check-ups and necessary treatments, giving you peace of mind while managing your liver health effectively.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

You’ve probably noticed that some diseases are tricky to spot when they first show up. But others come right out and make themselves known. One such condition is jaundice, characterised by the yellowing of the skin and eyes. While it’s common in babies and usually harmless, adults with jaundice could be dealing with an underlying health issue. That’s why knowing what is jaundice and what to look out for is important. So, let’s dive in and explore everything there is to know about jaundice.

What is Jaundice?

Jaundice is the yellow discolouration of the eyes, skin and mucous films. It happens when the body has an overproduction of bilirubin, a yellow substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. Under normal conditions, bilirubin passes through the liver and is eliminated in the stools. But it can’t be properly removed if there’s an excessive amount of bilirubin produced or there is severe damage to the liver or bile ducts. And that’s what gives the skin and eyes a yellowish tinge. Monitoring bilirubin levels is crucial for identifying and addressing potential health concerns.

Causes of Jaundice

Usually, the development of jaundice means there is an underlying problem in the body that either makes too much bilirubin or stops the liver from getting rid of it. These include:

• Reactions to certain drugs
• Infections like viral hepatitis
• Parasitic infections of the liver
• Cirrhosis (scarring of liver tissue)
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Gallbladder or pancreatic cancer
• Gallstones
• Gallbladder problems that lead to bile pipe blockages, blood issues,
• Pancreatic disease, and
• Inherited liver disorders like Gilbert disorder or Dubin-Johnson condition. These affect the breakdown of bilirubin in the body

Symptoms of Jaundice

When jaundice occurs, the whites of the eyes are the primary tissues that turn yellow. This happens when bilirubin levels are moderately high. The skin turns yellow when bilirubin levels are elevated even further. Other side effects related to jaundice will depend on the reason behind it. However, the common symptoms seen in most cases include:

• Dark urine
• Pale stools
• Excessive tiredness (fatigue)

Apart from this, people may also experience the following symptoms:

• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Vomiting
• Itchiness
• High temperature (fever)

Types of Jaundice

The different types of jaundice include:

• Haemolytic jaundice: This results from excessive red blood cell breakdown
• Hepatocellular jaundice: This stems from liver damage or infection
• Obstructive jaundice: This is caused by bile duct obstruction, which hinders the removal of bilirubin from the liver

Diagnosis of Jaundice

Getting a jaundice diagnosis involves a few steps. First, the doctor will ask about the patient’s medical history and perform a physical exam, all of which assess the abdomen, liver, and skin. The doctor might also order some laboratory tests to help figure out what is causing the jaundice. These include:

• Bilirubin test
• Full blood count to measure the level of red and white blood cells and platelets
• Blood tests to detect liver infections like hepatitis A, B, and C

If the doctor suspects a liver blockage is causing the jaundice, they might conduct imaging tests like MRIs, CT scans, or ultrasounds. In some cases, they may perform an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which combines endoscopy and X-ray imaging.

In certain situations, a liver biopsy might also be needed. This involves taking a small sample of liver tissue with a needle and examining it under a microscope. This can help check for inflammation, cirrhosis, cancer, or fatty liver.

Treatment of Jaundice

Jaundice treatment mainly focuses on addressing the underlying condition rather than directly treating the jaundice itself.

If you’re dealing with acute viral hepatitis, you can be assured that the jaundice will naturally go away as your liver heals. In cases where a blocked bile duct is to blame, your doctor might recommend surgery to open it up. And if you’re experiencing itching, your doctor can prescribe cholestyramine, a medication taken orally to combat bile acid-induced itching. If severe liver damage is the cause of jaundice, a liver transplant might be the way out.

Newborns and Jaundice

Jaundice affects around 60% of full-term infants and 80% of premature babies. It typically emerges within the first days of life because they have too many red blood cells. These cells break down a lot and need to be replaced. However, newborns have underdeveloped livers, so they struggle to get rid of the bilirubin in their blood, leading to jaundice. Apart from this, a few other factors are associated with jaundice in babies, including:

• An underactive thyroid gland
• Blood group incompatibility between the pregnant person and the baby
• Rhesus disease, where the pregnant person’s antibodies attack the baby’s blood cells
• Urinary tract infection
• Blockage in the bile ducts and gallbladder

Breastfeeding or chest feeding can also increase the likelihood of jaundice in newborns, but don’t worry, there’s no need to stop feeding the baby this way. In these cases, the jaundice symptoms usually go away within a few weeks.

While usually harmless, monitoring bilirubin levels is crucial, as excessive levels may require treatment to avert potential complications. Treatment often involves phototherapy, exposing the baby to specialised lights that aid bilirubin breakdown. In severe cases, interventions like blood exchange transfusions may be necessary.

Complications Associated with Jaundice

The treatment of jaundice may lead to certain complications or side effects like constipation, stomach pain, bloating, or diarrhoea. In babies, issues may involve fever, vomiting, lethargy, difficulty waking, distinctive crying, and, in severe cases, possible brain damage causing hearing loss, mobility problems, and dental issues. The underlying issues that cause jaundice can also result in their own complications.

How Can Jaundice Be Prevented?

Here are a few simple tweaks to your everyday routine that can help prevent jaundice:

• Eat healthy, balanced meals
• Stay active and get those endorphins flowing
• Go easy on the alcohol—moderation is key
• Steer clear of harmful chemicals and toxins, whether they’re in the air or on your skin
• Be mindful when it comes to medication management
• Ensuring immunisation against hepatitis A and B viruses can help prevent liver infections that can lead to jaundice
• Safe practices: Practising safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and using sterile equipment can reduce the risk of contracting hepatitis viruses

Conclusion

Jaundice is a condition that affects many people, but it doesn’t have to be a cause for concern. You can better navigate this condition by understanding the various causes of jaundice and knowing when to seek medical attention. Remember, jaundice causes and experiences may differ, and it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice. Stay informed, take proactive measures, and remember that your health should always remain a top priority. Having health insurance can provide essential financial support for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Malaria is a disease that is of global health concern. Despite making progress in fighting this mosquito-borne illness, we still witness millions of cases every year. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or socioeconomic status. With globalisation and increased travel, even those in developed nations with strong healthcare systems are at risk of exposure. In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about malaria—what causes it, how it spreads, different kinds of malaria parasites, common symptoms, diagnosis, and especially how it can be prevented or treated.

What Is Malaria?

Malaria is caused by a parasite named Plasmodium. This parasite is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Once inside the body, the parasite multiplies in the liver and then attacks red blood cells. This can cause severe symptoms, mainly fever and chills. For some people, malaria can be deadly. Luckily, the disease is preventable and, more importantly, treatable. If you plan a trip to a high-risk area, ensure you have protective clothing, bed nets, and mosquito repellant.

Symptoms Of Malaria

The main symptoms of malaria include the following:

• High fever is one of the most common symptoms people tend to disregard. The fever may come in intervals, causing the body temperature to rise sharply and then drop, accompanied by chills.
• Infected people experience severe chills that can range from moderate to severe.
• Profuse sweating is seen in most individuals as the body struggles to maintain its temperature due to fever spikes.
• Headaches are common during malaria infections, ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating pain and persist throughout the illness.
• A person may experience abdominal pain, which can range from mild discomfort to a little too much. The patient might feel weird churning sensations in their stomach.
• Muscle pain is very common due to this parasitic disease. As the body gets weaker, the muscles and joints start aching.
• Patients experience nausea for a long time, which kills their appetite.
• Vomiting is also one of the severe symptoms of malaria. This also leads to loss of water from the body.
• Diarrhoea is another symptom that also promotes the loss of water in the body. It also hinders the absorption of nutrients in the body.
• Anaemia can occur due to malaria as blood platelet levels drop.
• Deep breathing and respiratory distress: A person might need to take deep breaths profusely and have respiratory issues like feeling claustrophobic or deprived of air.
• Clinical jaundice and vital organ dysfunction can also occur.
• A patient might lose consciousness due to malaria.
• Coma is a severe symptom indicating infection is taking over the body.
• Severe infection can lead to bloody stools, adding to the patient’s discomfort.

Causes of Malaria

Several species of Plasmodium can cause malaria in humans, including:

• Plasmodium falciparum
• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malaria
• Plasmodium knowlesi

When a mosquito, specifically a female Anopheles mosquito, feeds on an infected individual’s blood, it ingests the parasites and blood. Within the mosquito, the parasites undergo development, eventually reaching the stage where they can infect another person when the mosquito feeds on another human.

When the infected mosquito bites a healthy individual, the parasite travels through the bloodstream and reaches the liver to reproduce. After that, they return to the bloodstream and infect the healthy red blood cells. This is when symptoms like chills and fever begin showing up. The symptoms get worse as the number of parasites multiply. Several human and environmental factors are responsible for the spread of malaria, such as climate change, stagnant water bodies where mosquitoes breed, and poor health infrastructure.

Where is the Condition Common?

Malaria is common in tropical and subtropical countries. These regions are warm and humid, making them suitable for breeding mosquitoes. Common areas recognised by WHO where malaria outbreaks are seen every year are:

• Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa bears the highest burden of malaria cases and deaths globally. Countries like Nigeria, Congo, Uganda, Mozambique, and Burkina Faso have high transmission rates due to climate, lack of resources, and socioeconomic challenges.

• South and Southeast Asia: Countries like India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and some parts of Southeast Asia have significant malaria transmission, although progress has been made in reducing the incidence in some areas.

• Latin America: Malaria is present in some countries of Central and South America, with higher incidence rates in regions such as the Amazon basin, affecting countries like Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Malaria is common in these areas due to the climate as well as poor health infrastructure in these countries. This emphasises the need for more awareness. Efforts by governments, international organisations, and health agencies have led to significant strides in reducing malaria cases, but it remains a major health concern in these areas.

Diagnosis of Malaria

Malaria testing determines whether the parasite is present in the patient’s blood. Some methods used as diagnostic techniques are:

• Microscopic examination: A medical professional will use a microscope to look for plasmodium parasites in a blood smear.

• Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs): RDTs are quick and easy-to-use tests that detect specific malaria antigens in a blood sample. The test usually provides immediate results within 15 to 20 minutes. This method is used during emergencies and when there is an increased number of patients.

• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): PCR tests are highly sensitive and accurate molecular techniques. It is used to detect the genetic material of the malaria parasite. PCR can accurately identify the distinctive species of Plasmodium.

Treatment of Malaria

Malaria treatment depends on various factors. These factors include the severity of symptoms, parasite species, age, and health status of the person.

Commonly used medications for treating malaria include:

• Antimalarial drugs

Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs): ACTs, such as artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, and others, are effective against Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most deadly malaria parasite. The therapy works by reducing the number of parasites in the blood.

• Chloroquine and other medications

This medication is used for regions where the malaria parasite is still sensitive to chloroquine. However, due to increasing resistance, it may not be effective in some areas. Medications like mefloquine or atovaquone-proguanil may be prescribed depending on the specific type of parasite and drug resistance patterns.

• Treatment of Severe Malaria

In severe cases of malaria, particularly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, hospitalisation and intravenous (IV) medications like quinine or artesunate are required. This is vital in preventing complications in the body and reducing the risk of death.

• Preventive therapy

Chemoprophylaxis is prescribed in some instances where the patient is at risk of contracting malaria.

How Can Malaria Be Prevented?

Prevention of malaria requires a multifaceted approach to minimise the risk of mosquito bites and parasite transmission. Some of the key preventive measures are as follows:

• Vector control
• Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (ITNs): Sleeping under ITNs can significantly reduce mosquito bites, especially during nighttime when the Anopheles mosquitoes, carriers of malaria, are active.
• Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS): Spraying insecticides inside dwellings helps kill mosquitoes and reduce their numbers, decreasing the risk of malaria transmission.
• Other methods include using mosquito repellents like incense sticks, fabric roll-ons, and creams.

• Antimalarial medication

If you are travelling to a malaria-prone area, it is advised to take Chemoprophylaxis to reduce the risk of infection. It is taken before, during and after the trip. Consultation with a healthcare professional is essential to determine the most suitable medication based on the travel destination and individual health considerations.

• Environmental measures

Eliminating or reducing mosquito breeding sites by draining stagnant water, covering water containers, and proper waste management helps limit mosquito reproduction. Building houses with screened windows and doors can reduce indoor exposure to mosquitoes. Prompt water is where mosquitoes breed and can be collected outside the home. Stay aware of the surroundings and check for stagnant water regularly.

• Community Engagement and Education

Increasing awareness among people through various means of mass communication can significantly help prevent malaria. Involving communities in malaria control programs can enhance the adoption of preventive measures and improve overall health outcomes.

Conclusion

To sum it up, malaria is a preventable, deadly disease. We must educate ourselves and others about this illness to prevent its spread. From understanding its transmission and symptoms to knowing how to protect yourself from mosquito bites, we can all play a role in eradicating malaria. Let’s not wait for an outbreak to take action; let’s start now by making small changes in our daily lives, advocating for change, and ensuring we have health insurance for added protection.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Ovarian cancer is a form of cancer that is not often talked about. It is a type of cancer that grows in the ovaries, which are the main part of the female reproductive system. Women who are diagnosed with this form of cancer often do not exhibit any symptoms in the early stages of the disease, which can make it difficult to catch. Unfortunately, this also means that the cancer has typically spread to other parts of the body by the time it is detected, making it more difficult to treat successfully. While the thought can be scary, it is important to understand the various ovarian cancer symptoms, in order to catch it as early as possible. In this article, we'll explore everything you need to know about ovarian cancer- from risk factors and symptoms to ovarian cancer stages diagnosis, treatments, and more. We hope our insights leave you feeling educated and empowered in your battle against ovarian cancer!

What is ovarian cancer?

Women have two ovaries which are an important part of the female reproductive system. Ovaries are located on each side of the uterus and produce eggs and hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer can start in one or both ovaries, when abnormal cells grow and multiply out of control and even in the abdominal lining, called the peritoneum. Like other cancers, ovarian cancer can invade and grow spreading to other tissues and organs leading to a condition known as metastasis. Epithelial ovarian cancer is reported to be the most common type of ovarian cancer, in which cancer cells start growing on the surface of the ovary.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer-related symptoms are hard to find in its earliest stages, and is often detected in the advanced stage of cancer.  So it is always recommended to consult a gynaecologist in cases of irregular menstruation or any abnormalities related to the female reproductive system. The ovarian cancer symptoms include:

• Vaginal bleeding (not occuring because of menstruation)
• Irregular menstrual periods
• Watery or white vaginal discharge that contains blood
• Urge to urinate frequently
• Discomfort in the pelvic area
• Fullness after eating less amount of food
• Bleeding from the vagina after menopause
• Gastrointestinal problems like bloating
• Swelling in the lower abdomen
• Pain in the lower belly
• Constipation
• Painful intercourse
• Fatigue

Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer

According to studies, there is no particular way to prevent ovarian cancer, but we might be able to reduce the chances of developing this disease by understanding a few risk factors, such as: 

• Women with advancing age between 50 to 79 years are at a higher risk of getting this cancer
• Inherited gene mutations (such as BRCA): The genes that are responsible for ovarian cancer are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), which increase the risk for breast or ovarian cancer. You can consult with your doctor about getting gene testing, especially if the risk runs in your family.
• Certain post-menopausal conditions can trigger the cells of the female reproductive system to mutate, leading to ovarian cancer.
• Birth control:Most studies have found that women using oral contraceptives or taking long-acting progesterone shots every 3 months for birth control have a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer than women who have never used them.
• Being overweight or obese has been directly linked to having a higher risk of developing many cancers, including ovarian cancer.
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy,in which oestrogen combined with progesterone has been used to help relieve symptoms of menopause, have been found to increase the risk of developing cancer.
• Having a family history of endometrial cancer or colorectal cancer can also raise the risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Stages of ovarian cancer

After diagnosing ovarian cancer, healthcare professionals assess its stage and grade to develop an effective treatment plan. There are four ovarian cancer stages, determined by the extent of the disease's spread.

• Stage I: In this ovarian cancer stage, cancer is present in both ovaries and fallopian tubes and in the space around the ovary (called the peritoneal cavity).
• Stage II: In this stage, the cancer is not only in the ovaries but has spread to the uterus and also to other nearby structures in the pelvis.
• Stage III: In this stage, the tumour is 2 centimetres or more in size, and has spread beyond the pelvic area, lymph nodes and it could impact other organs, like the liver and spleen.
• Stage IV: Stage IV cancer is the most severe stage in which the cancer has spread to the inside of organs such as the liver or spleen, and also to the lymph nodes of the groin or into the chest.

Types of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancers are divided based on the cell in which they form. Three main common types of ovarian cancer have been reported so far namely:

• Epithelial cells which occur in the lining of the ovary
• Germ cells that forms eggs which help in reproduction
• Stromal cells that form the structure of ovaries and help in hormone release

How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

A doctor diagnoses ovarian cancer based on the existing signs and symptoms and may ask for a medical history, and a thorough physical examination. Here are a few steps that a doctor make take in the process of diagnosis:

1. The doctor will first ask about family and medical history, since a family history of cancer or the presence of any existing medical conditions raises the risk of ovarian cancer.
2. CA 125 blood test: This test measures the level of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) protein in the blood. High levels of this antigen may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer.
3. Pelvic exam: The doctor will examine the cervixand assess the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes for any sort of lump. The doctor may take a small sample of cells from the which is then sent to a pathology lab.
4. Ultrasound: In this method, high-energy sound waves are used to create echoes that form a distinct picture of the pelvic area tissues.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: This is a powerful technique that uses magnets and radio waves to create clear images of the ovaries.
6. Computed Tomography (CT) scan: This technique involves the use of a powerful X-ray that makes detailed images of our body.

How is ovarian cancer treated? 

The standard approach for ovarian cancer treatment typically includes a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. During surgery, doctors remove the cancerous tissue through an operation. Chemotherapy, on the other hand, involves the use of special medications to either shrink or eliminate the cancer. These medications can be taken orally or administered intravenously, and in some cases, a combination of both methods may be used.

Another treatment option for ovarian cancer is targeted therapies, which specifically target cancer cells in order to inhibit their growth or spread. These targeted therapy drugs can be taken orally or given through intravenous infusion. To determine the most suitable targeted ovarian cancer treatment specifically for you, your doctor may recommend genetic testing.

Can ovarian cancer be prevented?

While cancer cannot be prevented, there are certain things you can do to reduce your chances of developing this disease, especially if you are at a high risk of getting it. These include:

• Using birth control pills for five or more years.
• Undergoing tubal ligation, removal of ovaries or fallopian tubes, or a hysterectomy.
• Having children and considering breastfeeding for a year or more.
• Genetic testing could also help to look for a change in the genes responsible for ovarian cancer.
• Maintain a healthy weight, as studies show being overweight may increase the risk of getting cancer

Remember to consult your doctor to discuss personalised strategies for reducing your risk. While these methods can be effective, it's important to weigh the risks and benefits associated with each option. For example, while birth control pills can lower ovarian cancer risk, they may increase the chances of breast cancer. Take proactive steps, but understand that there is no guarantee against cancer.

Conclusion 

While educating yourself is certainly an invaluable way to protect yourself from ovarian cancer, it's equally important to take further proactive steps like getting health insurance. Having health insurance can give you access to services that may help spot ovarian cancer in its early stages. Additionally, many health insurance plans cover expensive treatments and medications that will be helpful if you do develop ovarian cancer further down the road. We hope this article has shed light on what you need to know about ovarian cancer, but the main takeaway here is simple: knowledge is power! Equip yourself with strategies of protection in order to keep yourself safe against this severe disease.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

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• Causes of Uterine Cancer: Unraveling the Complex Origins of a Silent Threat
• Uterine Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Guide
• Uterine Cancer: Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
• Uterine Fibroids Treatment: Options and Considerations
• Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment

Chickenpox might seem like a harmless childhood rite of passage, but the viral disease warrants closer attention. Increasing reports of its occurrence have been reported among adults in recent times. While the itchy blisters and mild fever tend to resolve on their own, chickenpox poses certain risks—particularly for babies, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. This blog will explore the chickenpox virus in depth, including how it spreads, common symptoms, and treatment options.

What is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox is a contagious disease brought on by the Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV). It can cause an extremely itchy, blister-like rash, among other chickenpox symptoms. The rash first appears on the chest, back, and face and then spreads over the entire body. It is transmitted from person to person through direct contact and usually lasts for five to seven days.

Symptoms of Chickenpox

The chickenpox rash appears 10 to 21 days after exposure to the varicella-zoster virus. It often lasts about 5 to 10 days. Other chickenpox symptoms that may appear 1 to 2 days before the onset of the rash include:

• Fever
• Appetite loss
• Headaches
• Tiredness

Once the chickenpox rash appears, it undergoes three phases:

• Raised bumps called papules break out over a few days.
• Small fluid-filled blisters called vesicles form in about one day and then break and leak.
• Chickenpox causes crusts and scabs, which cover the broken vesicles and take some more time to heal. For the next few days, new bumps will keep showing up. You may even have bumps, blisters, and scabs simultaneously. This virus can be spread to other people for up to 48 hours before the appearance of the rash. And the virus stays contagious until all the broken blisters have finally crusted over.

The disease is relatively mild in healthy kids. But sometimes, the rash can cover the entire body, which can cause great discomfort. Blisters may even form in the throat and eyes. They may also form within the inside of the urethra, anus, and vagina.

Chickenpox symptoms in adults who did not get the disease as kids may be similar to those seen in children, but they could be more serious.

Causes of Chickenpox

A virus called varicella-zoster causes chickenpox. This highly contagious virus belongs to the family of herpesviruses, which also includes herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, and others. Chickenpox spreads through direct contact with the rash. It can also spread when an infected individual coughs or sneezes and breathes in the air droplets.

How Does Chickenpox Spread?

Individuals who have never had chickenpox, have never received the vaccination, or have a weakened immune system are at the greatest risk of acquiring the infection. Chickenpox is easily transmitted by touching an infected person's blisters, saliva, or mucus. The virus can also spread through the air by coughing and sneezing. It can be spread indirectly by touching an infected person's freshly contaminated items, like clothing. A person with shingles can also cause chickenpox in a person who has never had chickenpox through direct contact. It's important to remember that dry and crusted blisters are no longer contagious.

Diagnosis of chickenpox

Diagnosing chickenpox involves a clinical evaluation based on the characteristic symptoms. The distinctive itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters, fever, and fatigue is a crucial indicator of chickenpox. A doctor or nurse will directly know whether a child or adult has chickenpox by recognising a person's telltale rash and asking a few questions about their symptoms.

If a person is not vaccinated and is unsure of contracting chickenpox as a child, laboratory tests can determine the virus's presence in the body. Adults who have had chickenpox as children will not get the disease again because they develop immunity to the virus. Testing also helps doctors distinguish the symptoms of chickenpox from other conditions with similar symptoms, such as shingles, which is brought on by the same virus that causes chickenpox.

Treatment of Chickenpox

Chickenpox has no cure, but it usually resolves within a week or two without treatment. A doctor may prescribe medication for severe conditions and can advise you on reducing symptoms of itchiness and discomfort.

The following are some chickenpox treatments that may alleviate symptoms:

• Pain-relieving drugs: Acetaminophen may help reduce a high fever and pain when a person has chickenpox. This has to be taken as per the instructions provided by the doctor. Avoid using aspirin-containing products to treat chickenpox, as this can lead to complications.
• Avoiding dehydration: Drink plenty of fluids, preferably water, to prevent dehydration as it can complicate chickenpox.
• Limit certain foods. Avoid salty or spicy foods. If chewing is painful, soup is a good option, but avoid making it too hot.
• Reduce itching: Although difficult, it is essential to minimise scratching to reduce scarring. Topical ointments or cool bath tablets can be helpful.

The following may also help prevent scratching:

• Place soft gloves or even socks over a child's hands when they go to sleep so they do not scratch themselves during the night
• Wear loose clothing

A doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication for pregnant women who get an early diagnosis, for newborn babies, and for those with a compromised immune system.

How Can Chickenpox Be Prevented?

Prevention of chickenpox involves a combination of vaccination, good hygiene practices, and isolation measures. Here are essential preventive measures:

• Vaccination: Ensure that children receive the recommended two doses of the chickenpox vaccine as part of routine immunisation schedules. Adults susceptible to chickenpox or without the disease should also consider vaccination.
• Isolation: Keep individuals with chickenpox isolated from others, especially those who are not immune, until all blisters have crusted over. Avoid as much physical contact as possible with infected people to prevent the spread of the virus.
• Hygiene Practices: Encourage regular washing of hands with soap and clean water, especially if you've had direct contact with an infected person or their belongings. Teach respiratory hygiene, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing to stop the virus from being transmitted.
• Avoiding High-Risk Situations: Individuals with weakened immune systems or pregnant women who are not immune should avoid contact with those infected with chickenpox.

Complications Associated with Chickenpox

Among unvaccinated people who develop chickenpox, a few may have more severe symptoms. Adults are more prone to developing complications than children, but even in adults, it is a rare occurrence.

Contact a doctor if any of the following symptoms show up:

• Infection: If the skin surrounding the spots and blisters becomes red and tender or sore. This may be an indication of a bacterial infection.
• Breathing problems: If a person has breathing difficulties, they may develop pneumonia, which must be addressed immediately.
• Encephalitis: A person can develop inflammation of the brain. Symptoms include confusion, sleepiness, behaviour, or personality changes.
• Reye's syndrome: In rare cases, recovering children and teenagers may develop swelling of the liver and brain.
• Bleeding: A person can experience haemorrhage, which is characterised by blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel.
• Sepsis: An improper response to chickenpox infection within the body may cause sepsis, which is a medical emergency that can lead to organ failure and even death. This is very rare.

Pregnant women have a slightly higher chance of developing pneumonia due to chickenpox. There is also a risk of the mother passing the infection on to her foetus. There is a higher risk of the foetus developing congenital varicella syndrome if the infection occurs during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. This can cause severe scarring in the foetus, as well as eyesight issues, brain drainage, and shortened arms or legs.

Conclusion

Understanding the various symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures for chickenpox is crucial for maintaining public health. Vaccination remains the most effective tool in curbing the spread of this infectious disease. Promoting good hygiene practices and awareness can also contribute to a safer and healthier community. Moreover, comprehensive health insurance coverage is vital in ensuring access to timely medical care, covering potential complications, and easing the financial burden associated with healthcare expenses.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Tuberculosis occurs worldwide and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries, including India. There were an estimated 10.4 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths caused by TB globally in 2015. Of these, there were an estimated 2.8 million new cases in India, and 0.48 million people died in India due to TB in 2015.

It is a cause for concern as India stands first in terms of absolute number of cases. Let us dive deeper into the tuberculosis meaning and its other aspects.

What is tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily targets the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Only some people infected with tuberculosis bacteria become sick immediately. Some may develop latent TB infection, where the bacteria are present but do not cause illness. In such cases, tuberculosis causes no symptoms, and the person is not contagious.

Types of tuberculosis

There are several stages and forms of the disease:

• Primary TB: This is the first stage of a tuberculosis infection. Your immune system may be able to fight off the germs. But sometimes, it doesn’t destroy all of them, and they keep multiplying. You may not have any TB symptoms at this stage, or you might have a few flu-like symptoms.
• Latent TB Infection: Latent TB infection occurs when the TB bacteria are present in the body but are not actively causing illness. Individuals with latent TB do not experience symptoms and are not contagious.
• Active TB Disease: Active TB disease occurs when the bacteria become active and cause illness. Common symptoms include a persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, and fever.
• Active TB outside the lungs: A tuberculosis infection that spreads from your lungs to other parts of the body is known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Your symptoms will depend on which part of your body the infection affects.

Symptoms of tuberculosis

Active tuberculosis symptoms in the lungs include:

• A cough that lasts more than three weeks
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood
• Feeling tired all the time
• Night sweats
• Chills
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
  
  

When TB is outside the lungs, you may have these same symptoms, along with pain near the infected area.

Causes of tuberculosis

The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB. It spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. People nearby can inhale these droplets and become infected.

Risk factors for tuberculosis

You're more likely to get tuberculosis if:

• A friend, co-worker, or family member has active TB.
• You live in or have travelled to an area where TB is common, like Russia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
• You're part of a group in which TB is more likely to spread, or you work or live with someone who is diagnosed with TB. This includes unhoused people, people with HIV, those in jail or prison, and those who inject drugs.
• You work or live in a hospital or nursing home.
• You're a healthcare worker for patients at high risk of TB.
• You're a smoker.

You're at higher risk of developing active TB if you have:

• HIV or AIDS
• Diabetes
• Severe kidney disease
• Head or neck cancer
• Low body weight and poor nutrition

Or use:

• Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy
• Medications for organ transplants
• Certain drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis

Babies and young children are at higher risk of developing active TB because their immune systems aren't fully formed. Children under 5, teens and young adults aged 15-25, and adults aged 65 and older are most likely to get active tuberculosis.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis

Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective TB management. If someone shows symptoms or has been in contact with a TB-infected person, seeking medical attention for proper testing is crucial.

Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): This standard method involves a tuberculosis test by injecting a small amount of TB protein under the skin. After 48 to 72 hours, a healthcare provider checks for a raised bump at the injection site. This helps determine if the person has been infected with TB.

There are two common tests for tuberculosis:

• Tuberculosis skin testing

This is also known as the Mantoux tuberculin skin test. A technician injects a small amount of fluid into the skin of your lower arm. After 2-3 days, the person checks for swelling in your arm. You might have to undergo this test more than once.

• Tuberculosis blood testing

These tests, also called interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), measure the response when TB proteins are mixed with a small amount of your blood.

Treatment of tuberculosis

• Most cases are cured with antibiotics. But it takes a long time. You have to take medications for at least 6 to 9 months. Your tuberculosis treatment will depend on your infection. If you have latent TB, your doctor will give you medication to kill the bacteria so the infection doesn't become active.

• Your doctor may prescribe Isoniazid, Rifampin, or Rifapentin, either alone or combined. You'll have to take the drugs for three months or more. If you see any signs of active TB, call your doctor right away.

• A combination of medicines also treats active TB. The most common are Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampin. You may have to take them for 6 to 12 months.

• If you have drug-resistant TB, your doctor might give you one or more different medicines. You may have to take them for up to 30 months, and they can cause more side effects.

However, some strains of TB are resistant to antibiotics. Bacteria become drug-resistant because of changes in their genetic makeup. That can happen randomly. But when antibiotics are overprescribed or misused, this speeds up the process.

Side-effects of tuberculosis

Like any medication, TB drugs can have side effects. Common Isoniazid side effects include:

• Numbness and tingling in your hands and feet
• Upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weakness

Ethambutol side effects include:

• Chills
• Painful or swollen joints
• Belly pain, nausea, and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Confusion
• Eye issues such as pain and vision problems

Some side effects of Pyrazinamide include:

• Lack of energy
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle or joint pain

Common Rifampin side effects include:

• Skin rash
• Upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting
• Brown urine
• Yellowish skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Diarrhoea
• Loss of appetite

Complications of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis infection can cause complications, such as:

• Joint damage
• Lung damage
• Infection or damage of your bones, spinal cord, brain, or lymph nodes
• Liver or kidney problems
• Inflammation of the tissues around your heart

How can tuberculosis be prevented?

If you're travelling to a place where TB is common, avoid spending a lot of time in crowded places with sick people. If you have a latent infection, take all your medication so it doesn't become active and contagious.

In case you have active TB, you'll need to take care to protect others from infection during your first few weeks of treatment.

• Limit contact with other people

If you live with others, sleep in a separate room and isolate yourself as much as possible.

• Prevention

Cover your mouth when you laugh, sneeze, or cough. Wear a surgical mask when you're around other people.

• Keep your space ventilated

Open windows, and use a fan. Germs spread more easily in poorly ventilated places.

Conclusion

Understanding tuberculosis, its types, symptoms, and causes is crucial for early detection and effective management. Public awareness, vaccination, and improved living conditions play vital roles in preventing the spread of TB within communities. Additionally, having access to health insurance ensures that individuals can afford timely medical care.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.