The Maruti Suzuki Jimny is a compact off-roader in the global and Indian automotive market. However, beyond its adventurous appeal, safety is a paramount consideration for any vehicle, especially when handling rough terrains and ensuring occupant protection in the event of an accident. This basic analysis is meant to check the safety assessments by Global NCAP and Bharat NCAP, providing detailed information for consumers.

Jimny: A brief history

The Maruti Suzuki Jimny has been in production since 1970, known for its compact design and off-road capabilities. Over multiple generations, it has evolved in terms of safety, performance and design. The fourth-generation Jimny, launched in 2018, brought modern safety features and improved crashworthiness.

Jimny global NCAP safety ratings

The Global Car Assessment Programme (Global NCAP) performs various crash tests to identify the safety of the vehicle across many landscapes of impact. These standardised tests are required to determine the Suzuki Jimny safety rating. The Global Jimny NCAP rating has not been evaluated while its three-door variant from Europe secured a Euro NCAP rating in 2018.

Euro NCAP assessment

The fourth generation Suzuki Jimny crash test underwent Euro NCAP testing in 2018, and the results were:

• Adult Occupant: 73%
• Child Occupant: 84%
• Vulnerable Road User: 52%
• Safety Assist: 50%
• Overall Rating: 3 stars (out of 5)

Analysis of the crash test discloses certain information regarding the performance:

• Frontal offset test: Marginal for driver's chest protection.
• Side impact barrier test: Good for protection of other body areas.
• Side pole impact test: Weak for driver's chest protection.
• Whiplash: Good for front seats, marginal for rear seats.

Jimny adult occupant protection rating

The Euro NCAP crash tests show that the Jimny protects adult occupants moderately. While side-impact protection is rated well, frontal impact performance needs improvement. The vehicle's structure ensures basic safety, but advanced safety features are limited.

Jimny's child occupant protection rating

The Jimny's car safety rating for child occupant protection is 84%. The presence of ISOFIX anchor points and appropriate restraints contribute to this rating. However, additional safety enhancements could further improve child passenger security.

Jimny safety features list

Here are some safety features of the Jimmy vehicle:

• Six airbags system
• Anti-lock braking system
• Electronic brakeforce distribution
• Electronic stability programme
• Brake assist function
• ISOFIX child seat Anchorages
• Autonomous emergency braking
• Lane departure warning
• Traffic sign recognition

The inclusion of these safety features enhances the Maruti Suzuki Jimny safety rating in various markets, particularly by improving the advanced driver assistance systems.

Bharat NCAP evaluation

Bharat New Car Assessment Programme acquires many testing protocols that are needed for the Indian road conditions and regulatory requirements. The Maruti Jimny NCAP rating is adaptable for domestic consumers.

The safety package satisfies all specified qualities under India's Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) and the Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR). Maruti Jimny safety rating enables classified verification based on these regulatory factors in India.

FAQs

1. What are Jimny's safety ratings given by Euro NCAP?

The Euro NCAP has evaluated and provided a 3 star rating out of 5 for Jimny's safety ratings.

2. What is the Global NCAP rating for Jimny's safety?

The Global Jimny NCAP rating has not been evaluated while its three-door variant from Europe secured a Euro NCAP rating in 2018.

3. What are the safety specifications for Jimny car safety rating?

• Autonomous emergency braking
• Lane departure warning
• Traffic sign recognition

Conclusion

The Euro NCAP has awarded the Suzuki Jimny safety rating of 3-star, indicating that it provides moderate protection for occupants within its vehicle class. This rating reflects a balance between regulatory compliance, occupant protection, and the vehicle's design as an off-road vehicle. While the Jimny offers decent protection in side-impact tests, its performance in frontal collisions and certain other impact tests shows room for improvement.

While Jimny offers decent protection against a range of hazards, it is crucial to look for car insurance online and opt for comprehensive car insurance that provides financial back-up in case of accidents, repairs, medical expenses, theft and damage caused by natural disasters. Comprehensive insurance ensures you're financially protected from unforeseen circumstances, offering peace of mind and minimising out-of-pocket costs.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

The Maruti Suzuki Celerio is a famous hatchback known for its fuel efficiency and affordability. But, in the context of security, how does it fare? Read along to learn the Maruti Suzuki Celerio safety rating that will assist you in making an informed decision.

Celerio: A brief history

People in India adopted the Celerio as one of their top picks when it entered the market in 2014. The vehicle delivered an ideal combination of compact size and affordability, attracting numerous city dwellers. Through the years, Maruti Suzuki has provided three main updates to the model that focused on the Celerio safety rating.

Celerio Global NCAP safety ratings

The Global New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP) is a benchmark for evaluating worldwide vehicle safety. The Celerio underwent rigorous crash tests by Global NCAP in 2016 and safety rating for adult occupant protection was 0-star, whereas it was 1-star for child occupant protection, highlighting significant safety deficiencies.

Celerio adult occupant protection rating

The 0-star Maruti Celerio safety rating came after scoring 0 out of 17 points. The crash test showed the Celerio failed to protect the driver’s head, neck and chest properly. Also, the passenger’s chest showed only minimum protection. The test even found a significant risk of knee impact due to hazardous components on the dashboard during a collision.

The vehicle body shell was found to be unstable. It was unable to withstand additional loading during a severe crash. The lack of airbags in the tested variant also added to the poor result in adult occupant protection.

Celerio child occupant protection rating

The Celerio crash test rating for child occupants was slightly better, yet it was less than ideal. The vehicle received a 1-star rating for child occupant protection, securing 11.43 points out of a possible 49. The child seat for a 3-year-old failed to prevent excessive forward movement during a crash. While the child seat for an 18-month-old showed adequate dynamic performance, the installation instructions for both the child seats were insufficient. Also, they were not permanently attached to the seat. Thus, the low Celerio safety rating star.

Celerio safety features list

Although the tested variant had no airbags leading to a low Celerio car safety rating, the new variants have airbags. The safety features included in the model are:

• All variants of the Celerio contain dual front airbags, which work as fundamental protection systems for both the driver and front passenger.
• A combination of an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) prevents losing control of the vehicle when people must brake suddenly.
• Seatbelt pretensioners enhance safety during a crash by tightening the seat belt and limiting the force exerted on the occupants’ chest.
• Rear parking sensors help detect obstacles when the driver is reversing the car.
• The Celerio also has a speed alert that provides audible warnings when the driver exceeds 80km/hr (primary level) or 120km/he (secondary level).
• The hill-hold assist system prevents the vehicle from rolling backwards on inclines during start-off.
• The traction control system helps maintain grip on slippery surfaces.

FAQs

1. What is the Celerio safety rating?

The Global NCAP awarded Celerio with a 0 for adult occupant protection rating and a 1-star rating for children occupants.

2. Does the Celerio have airbags?

Yes, the vehicle features two standard front airbags.

3. How does the Celerio NCAP rating compare to competitors?

In terms of Celerio NCAP rating, the vehicle stands behind its competitors, the Tata Tiago and Hyundai i10 as these models have achieved better safety ratings.

4. Should I consider car insurance for my Celerio?

Car insurance policy ensures financial protection in case of accidents, making vehicle ownership more secure.

Conclusion

Although the safety rating of Celerio is a matter of concern, the vehicle does offer decent safety features for its price range. Potential buyers need to ensure they are well protected by opting for a car insurance policy that will safeguard them from damages caused due to collision. Also, third party car insurance is compulsory in India. This ensures financial protection against damages caused to other vehicles or property.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

The Renault KWID is an extremely popular budget-friendly hatchback vehicle in India that stands out for its attractive design, affordability and fuel efficiency. Before buying a Renault KWID model, you must learn about the KWID safety rating, overall performance and crash test results.

This blog will provide valuable insights on its Global and Bharat NCAP ratings, occupant protection components and safety features. 

Renault Kwid: A brief history

Launched in 2015, the Renault KWID soon became one of the finest options for first-time car owners. Its appearance, ride quality and advanced features were at par with multiple pricier models. Its SUV-inspired design was built on the CMF-A platform pioneered by Renault and Nissan and had features like a touchscreen infotainment system. Over the years, it made numerous valuable upgrades, like a three-cylinder petrol engine delivering better performance, a new AMT version, and a significant facelift in 2019.

Renault Kwid Global NCAP safety ratings

The NCAP global safety rating of KWID was only 1-star for both adult and child protection features.    

Renault Kwid adult occupant protection rating

The Global NCAP testing body evaluated the adult occupant protection features of Renault KWID, giving it only a 1-star rating. This Renault KWID NCAP rating has been a major point of concern.

1. The airbags in KWID offer sufficient protection to the driver’s head and neck, but their chest protection features are surprisingly poor.
2. There was also a possibility that passengers could have their knees injured due to hazardous components on the dashboard.
3. The vehicle’s body shell was not suitable to withstand further stress.

Out of 17 points, the vehicle scored only 8.28, thus leading to a poor KWID car safety rating.

Renault Kwid child occupant protection rating

The KWID NCAP rating has been significantly poor. The child seat designed for 3-year-olds could not prevent jerking and excessive forward movement in case of an impact. Additionally, the seat design for an 18-month-old child could lead to a head collision with the car’s front backrest.

Static three-point seat belts also made it difficult for the child restraint systems to work properly. It also lacked a passenger airbag, which made the KWID perform abysmally in the crash tests.

With a score of 10.91 points out of 49, the safety rating Renault KWID could only get a 1-star rating for its child occupant protection features.      

Renault Kwid safety features list

The Renault KWID has incorporated numerous powerful safety features over the years to meet the Bharat NCAP norms, such as:

1. Rear seat belt reminder
2. Tyre pressure monitoring system
3. Speed alert warning
4. Front seat belts with load limiter
5. Seat belt with pretensioner (driver only)
6. Electronic stability programme
7. Front driver airbag
8. Front passenger airbag
9. Driver & passenger seat belt reminder
10. Reverse parking sensors
11. Reverse parking camera with guidelines
12. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) with brake assist
13. Pedestrian protection
14. Rear door child lock
15. Hill start assist
16. Traction control system

These features have played an important role in improving the Renault KWID safety rating.

FAQs

• Can I safely drive a Renault KWID on the highway?

The Renault KWID has been designed mainly for city driving. While newer KWID models include multiple safety enhancements, its poor crash-test ratings indicate that it is probably not the safest vehicle for high-speed highway driving.

• How does the Renault KWID compare to other vehicles in terms of safety?

The Renault KWID does not fare well in crash safety ratings compared to cars like the Maruti Suzuki S-Presso and Tata Punch, which has a 5-star Global NCAP rating.

• What safety enhancements can Renault implement in the KWID?

Renault can improve safety features in the KWID by improving its structural integrity, integrating standard ISOFIX child seat mounts and adding side-impact protection across all variants.

Conclusion

The Renault KWID is an affordable hatchback for city drivers in India and a good choice for first-time car owners. However, its safety features require some major adjustments from Renault to make it suitable for adult and child occupants.

Securing a car insurance policy is imperative, as it offers complete coverage against possible damages. A comprehensive car insurance policy helps you avoid legal liabilities and major repair costs that can be financially draining. A good policy safeguards your vehicle from crashes, theft, fire, natural disasters and vandalism.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

In today’s automotive landscape, safety has become a paramount concern for consumers and manufacturers. The Skoda K͏ushaq, a ͏compact SUV tailored ͏for the Indian͏͏ market, exemplifies this shift. Organisations like Global NCAP and Bharat NCAP evaluate cars based on their ability to protect occupants in real-world accidents. The Skoda Kushaq safety rating demonstrates its adherence to global safety regulations, reinforcing its reputation as a dependable SUV.

Skoda Kushaq: A brief history

Launched in mid-2021, the Skoda Kushaq marked the Czech automaker’s strategic entry into India’s burgeoning compact SUV segment. Designed on the MQB-A0-IN platform, a derivative of Volkswagen Group’s renowned MQB platform, the Kushaq was engineered to meet the unique demands of Indian consumers and road conditions.

Skoda Kushaq Global NCAP safety ratings

The Global NCAP serves as a pivotal benchmark in evaluating vehicle safety worldwide. In October 2022, the ͏Skoda Kushaq underwent rigorous testing under Global NC͏AP’s updated protocols and͏ emerged with a stellar 5-͏star safety ͏rating for both adult͏ and ͏child occupant͏ protection. Skoda Kushaq Global NCAP rating highlights the manufacturer’s unwavering commitment to safety and engineering excellence. Kushaq NCAP rating reflects its strong structural integrity and advanced safety features.

Skoda Kushaq adult occupant protection rating

In adult occupant protection, the Kushaq excelled by securing 29.64 points out of a possible 34, translating to a 5-star rating.

Key findings:

• Frontal impact: The driver and passenger’s head, neck, and chest were well-protected.
• Side impact: The Kushaq effectively reduced injury risk during side impact.
• Structure and footwell area: Both were rated stable, ensuring a well-built cabin.
• Safety features contribution: Electronic Stability Control (ESC), seatbelt reminders, and multiple airbags played a crucial role in achieving this high rating.

These results affirm that the Kushaq safety rating meets international safety standards, making it one of the safest vehicles in its category.

Skoda Kushaq child occupant protection rating

The Kushaq achieved a perfect score of 42 points for child occupant protection, earning another 5-star rating. The vehicle’s ability to accommodate child seats using ISOFIX anchorages and top tether anchor points contributed significantly to this rating. Additionally, features like a three-point seatbelt for all passengers further enhanced child safety, securing the strong Skoda Kushaq crash test rating.

Skoda Kushaq safety features list

An extensive list of safety features reinforces the Skoda Kushaq NCAP rating:

• Airbags: Up to six airbags, including dual front airbags as standard, with optional side and curtain airbags.
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC): Standard across all variants, enhancing vehicle stability during dynamic manoeuvres.
• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD): Prevents wheel lock-up during emergency braking.
• Traction Control System (TCS): Maintains grip on slippery surfaces by modulating engine power and brake force.
• Multi-Collision Brake: Automatically applies brakes post-collision to prevent secondary impacts.
• Hill-hold control: Prevents vehicle rollback on steep inclines.
• Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS): Alerts the driver to any significant drop in tyre pressure.
• ISOFIX anchors and top tether anchor points: Standard fittings that ensure secure installation of child safety seats.

FAQs

1. What is the difference between Global NCAP and Bharat NCAP ratings?

        Global NCAP is an international safety assessment programme, while Bharat NCAP is India’s indigenous safety rating system tailored to Indian road conditions.

2. Is the Skoda Kushaq’s structure safe in high-speed collisions?

      Global NCAP has rated the Skoda Kushaq crash test highly, noting that its body shell and footwell area remain stable even during high-impact frontal and side collisions.

3. Are all safety features available in every Kushaq variant?

       While ESC, dual front airbags, ABS, and ISOFIX mounts are standard across all variants, higher trims offer additional protection such as side and curtain airbags, hill-hold control and a tyre pressure monitoring system.

4. What is the effect of Kushaq’s safety rating on insurance costs?

       A 5-star Skoda Kushaq safety rating may lower car insurance policy premiums, as insurers often consider vehicle safety when calculating rates. However,  third party car insurance remains a mandatory legal requirement, ensuring financial  protection against damages caused to other vehicles or property.

Conclusion

The Skoda Kushaq’s outstanding performance in both the Global NCAP safety testing demonstrates its strong engineering and Skoda’s commitment to occupant safety.  The Kushaq meets and surpasses safety expectations with its full range of features in its segment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

India has a rich automotive history, with several top vintage cars symbolising luxury, heritage, and nostalgia. Classic cars from renowned manufacturers like Rolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz, and Hindustan Motors continue to capture the hearts of automobile enthusiasts.

Owning a vintage car is about prestige, proper maintenance and protection, making car insurance a crucial consideration.

What makes a car ‘vintage’ or ‘classic’ in India?

To be classified as “vintage” or “classic,” a car needs to meet certain requirements.

• In India, a vehicle is classified as vintage if it is over 50 years old and is registered under the Vintage Motor Vehicles category.
• On the other hand, classic cars are typically 20-50 years old and hold significant historical or collectible value.

The government of India has introduced special registration policies for vintage cars to preserve their historical importance. Whether you are a collector or just an admirer, in this article, we will explore some of the best classic cars in India that have stood the test of time.

List of best classic cars in India

Here is the list of the top classic cars in India that you should know as a car enthusiast:

1.     Hindustan Ambassador

One of the most iconic Indian cars, the Hindustan Ambassador, ruled Indian roads for decades. Often called the “King of Indian Roads,” this car was favoured by government officials and taxi services alike. This cult favourite is known for its robust design and spacious interiors. It remains a sought-after collectible. Car insurance is advisable for top classic cars like the Ambassador to protect against damages and repairs.

2.     Premier Padmini

This car gained immense popularity in the 1970s and 80s, becoming a favourite among Indian families and even Bollywood celebrities. With its compact yet stylish design, the Premier Padmini is a prized possession for vintage car collectors. Due to its age, owners should consider a third party car insurance policy to cover liabilities while driving on modern roads.

3.     Rolls-Royce Phantom II

This luxury classic was a favourite among Indian maharajas and elite businessmen. Even today, Rolls-Royce models are synonymous with opulence and class. Given its high value, comprehensive car insurance is essential to protect against unforeseen damages and theft.

4.     Mercedes-Benz 190D (W110)

This model was widely admired for its durability and elegant design. It was a common sight among business magnates in India during the 1960s and 70s. Owners of such a classic car should consider comprehensive car insurance to safeguard against costly repairs and maintenance.

5.     Chevrolet Fleetmaster

The Chevrolet Fleetmaster was introduced in the post-World War II era. This American classic gained popularity among Indian car enthusiasts because of its streamlined design and powerful engine. Third party car insurance is an option to ensure its longevity, but a full-coverage policy is recommended.

6.     Fiat 1100 Elegant

Fiat 1100 Elegant was one of the first mass-market cars in India and became a symbol of sophistication. With its timeless Italian design and historical significance, it remains a collector’s delight. Given the rarity of its spare parts, a comprehensive car insurance plan is highly advisable.

7.     Jaguar Mark 2

The Jaguar Mark 2 was an instant classic due to its powerful engine and stunning design. It is often seen in classic car rallies in India, and remains a favourite among vintage car enthusiasts. Considering its high restoration costs, solid insurance is essential to safeguard against potential damages.

8.     Studebaker Champion

An American beauty that was imported to India, the Studebaker Champion was known for its innovative styling and reliability. Today, the Studebaker Champion is a prized possession among collectors. Given its value, third party car insurance may not be sufficient, making a comprehensive car insurance policy a better choice.

Conclusion

Vintage cars are a part of India’s automotive heritage. Whether it’s the best classic cars like the Hindustan Ambassador or luxury models like the Rolls-Royce Phantom II, each vehicle holds a special place in history. While owning a vintage car is a dream for many, ensuring its longevity requires proper maintenance and adequate car insurance that protects against potential damage, theft, and covers costly repairs and restoration. Opting for a comprehensive car insurance policy can help protect these timeless beauties from potential risks and keep their legacy alive for future generations.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

A multi-plate clutch is an essential component in mechanical systems to connect and disconnect power between parts, particularly in vehicles and machinery. It is designed to handle higher torque and allows smoother and quicker operation compared to traditional single-plate clutches. Let’s explore the structure, working mechanism, applications, benefits, and disadvantages of a multi-plate clutch.

Different Types of Multi-Plate Clutch

There are several types of multi-plate clutches, each with specific uses and designs. Here are the main types:

• Wet Multi-Plate Clutch: Operates with a lubricant (usually oil) to reduce friction and heat generation. It is commonly used in high-performance vehicles like motorcycles and race cars.
• Dry Multi-Plate Clutch: It does not use any lubrication, and the plates operate in a dry environment. While this type experiences more wear and tear, it is simpler and lighter, typically used in smaller vehicles or applications where heat management is less critical.
• Centrifugal Multi-Plate Clutch: This variation uses centrifugal force to engage and disengage the clutch. Often found in automatic transmission systems in motorcycles and small engines.
• Spring-loaded Multi-Plate Clutch: It features springs that apply pressure to the clutch plates to keep them engaged until the force is overcome. This clutch type is commonly used in manual transmission systems.

Construction of Multi-Plate Clutch

The multi-plate clutch comprises several key components that work together to transmit power effectively. Here’s a breakdown of its construction:

• Clutch Plates: Arranged in a stack, these plates alternately connect to the engine flywheel or the pressure plate. There are two types:

(i) Friction Plates: Coated with a material that provides friction, these plates are attached to the flywheel and pressure plate.

(ii) Steel Plates: Placed in between the friction plates, these are made of steel and help transmit torque.

• Pressure Plate: Applies pressure on the clutch plates, holding the friction and steel plates together to transmit power.
• Flywheel: Connected to the engine’s crankshaft, it provides rotational inertia and ensures smooth engine operation.
• Release Mechanism: This mechanism is responsible for disengaging the clutch when required. It includes the release bearing and the release fork. When the clutch pedal is pressed, the release bearing moves and disconnects the clutch plates.
• Springs: Located in the pressure plate, these provide the necessary force to engage and disengage the plates.
• Housing: Encases the clutch components, protecting them from dirt, dust, and other external elements while ensuring secure placement.

Working of Multi-Plate Clutch *(not mentioned in content guidelines)

The multi-plate clutch operates on the principle of friction. Here’s how it works:

• Clutch Engagement: Releasing the clutch pedal allows the springs in the pressure plate to apply force on the clutch plates, pressing them together. The friction plates contact the flywheel and the pressure plate, transmitting power from the engine to the transmission.
• Torque Transmission: The multi-plate clutch is designed to handle high torque because multiple friction plates are in contact with each other. This arrangement allows the clutch to transmit more power than a single-plate clutch. As the engine turns, the clutch plates are pressed together, allowing the engine’s power to be transferred to the gearbox.
• Clutch Disengagement: When the driver presses the clutch pedal, the release bearing is pushed against the pressure plate, which reduces the pressure on the clutch plates. This disengages the plates and interrupts the power flow from the engine to the transmission. At this point, the driver can shift gears smoothly.
• Lubrication and Cooling: In a wet multi-plate clutch, the plates are submerged in oil. This reduces friction and helps keep the clutch cool, preventing overheating during heavy use.

Benefits of Multi-Plate Clutch

The multi-plate clutch offers several advantages, making it an ideal choice for many high-performance applications. Here are some of its benefits:

• High Torque Capacity: One of the main benefits of the multi-plate clutch is its ability to handle high levels of torque. The multiple clutch plates distribute the power more evenly, allowing the clutch to handle more power than a single-plate clutch.
• Compact Design: Since it uses multiple smaller plates instead of one large one, the multi-plate clutch is more compact and can be used in applications with limited space, such as motorcycles and small cars.
• Smooth Operation: The multi-plate clutch offers smoother engagement and disengagement compared to single-plate clutches. This helps prevent jerky movements, especially during gear shifting.
• Improved Heat Dissipation: In wet multi-plate clutches, the lubrication system helps dissipate heat, preventing overheating even during heavy use. This results in longer service life for the clutch.

Disadvantages of Multi-Plate Clutch

Despite its benefits, the multi-plate clutch has some drawbacks, like:

• Complexity: The construction of a multi-plate clutch is more complex than that of a single-plate clutch. This means it can be more difficult and expensive to repair or replace. 
• Higher Cost: Due to the additional components and complexity, multi-plate clutches tend to be more expensive to produce and maintain than single-plate clutches.
• Maintenance Requirements: Multi-plate clutches require regular maintenance, especially the wet types, which need to be kept lubricated. Without proper maintenance, the clutch may wear out faster.
• Weight: While multi-plate clutches are generally compact, the use of multiple plates and components can add weight to the overall system, which may not be ideal for very light vehicles or applications where weight is a critical factor.

Conclusion

A dependable and efficient mechanical system component, the multi-plate clutch is particularly useful in cars requiring smooth operation and high-power transmission. Its multiple friction plate design enables it to handle higher torque, offering benefits such as compactness, better heat dissipation, and enhanced performance. However, it also comes with increased expenses, complex maintenance needs, and potential noise issues. 

Remember to invest in a comprehensive car insurance policy to safeguard your four-wheeler against potential accidents, damage, and theft.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

When it comes to automotive engineering, the term "inline engine" is used to describe a common engine configuration found in many vehicles. Understanding inline engines is essential for car enthusiasts and those interested in how engines work.

In this blog, we will learn about “what is an inline engine?” its functionality, types, and the many applications it is used for. We will also take a look at the components of an inline engine, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.

What is an Inline Engine?

An inline engine is a type of engine where the cylinders are arranged in a straight line. This is one of the most popular configurations used in modern vehicles. All cylinders in an inline engine are placed in a row along the same axis.

Key Features of Inline Engines:

• Cylinder Arrangement: Cylinders are aligned in a single row, either vertically or horizontally.
• Compact Design: Inline engines are known for their compact and space-saving design.
• Commonly Used: Inline engines are commonly used in cars, motorcycles, and other types of vehicles.

Inline engines are generally easier to design and manufacture, which makes them a cost-effective solution for many vehicles.

How Do Inline Engines Work?

Inline engines work on the same fundamental principles as other internal combustion engines, with the main difference being the configuration of the cylinders. In this setup, the pistons inside the cylinders move up and down in a linear motion, converting fuel into energy to power the vehicle.

Working Process of Inline Engines:

• Intake Stroke: The intake valve opens, and the piston moves down to draw in the air-fuel mixture.
• Compression Stroke: The piston moves up, compressing the air-fuel mixture.
• Power Stroke: The fuel is ignited by a spark plug, causing the mixture to explode. This forces the piston down.
• Exhaust Stroke: The exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves up again to expel the exhaust gases.

Types of Inline Engines

Inline engines can be classified based on the number of cylinders they have. The most common types of inline engines include the following:

1. Inline-3 Engine (I3)

•       Cylinders: 3
•       Applications: Often found in small cars and motorcycles.
•       Advantages: Small, light, and fuel-efficient.
• Disadvantages: Limited power output and less smooth compared to engines with more cylinders.

2. Inline-4 Engine (I4)

•       Cylinders: 4
•   Applications: Widely used in compact cars, sedans, and small trucks.
•   Advantages: Fuel-efficient, affordable, and smooth operation.
•   Disadvantages: Not as powerful as larger engines.

3. Inline-5 Engine (I5)

•       Cylinders: 5
•       Applications: Found in some mid-sized cars and SUVs.
•     Advantages: Offers a balance of power and efficiency.
•   Disadvantages: Larger sizes can make it harder to fit in some vehicles.

4. Inline-6 Engine (I6)

•       Cylinders: 6
•   Applications: Common in luxury cars, sports cars, and larger vehicles.
•   Advantages: Very smooth, powerful, and balanced.
•   Disadvantages: Larger and more expensive to manufacture.

5. Inline-8 Engine (I8)

•     Cylinders: 8
• Applications: Mainly seen in high-end luxury cars.
•     Advantages: Very powerful with excellent balance.
•     Disadvantages: Large and difficult to fit in most vehicles.

Applications of Inline Engines

Inline engines are used in a wide range of vehicles and machinery. Some of the most common applications include:

1. Automobiles

• Cars: Inline engines are widely used in everyday vehicles, from small hatchbacks to larger sedans. Their simplicity and cost-effectiveness make them an ideal choice for mass-market cars.
• Motorcycles: Smaller motorcycles often use inline engines due to their compact design and a good balance of power and fuel efficiency.

2. Commercial Vehicles

• Trucks and Vans: Some commercial vehicles use inline engines for their balance between power and efficiency. Inline-4 and inline-6 engines are commonly used in trucks.
• Buses: Inline engines are sometimes used in buses, especially in smaller and more fuel-efficient models.

Components of Inline Engines

An inline engine consists of several essential components that work together to power the vehicle or machine. These include:

• Cylinder Block: The cylinder block is the main structure of the engine that houses the cylinders. It serves as the foundation for the engine's components.
•   Pistons: Pistons are cylindrical components that move up and down inside the cylinders, converting the energy from the combustion process into mechanical power.
• Crankshaft: The crankshaft is a rotating shaft that transforms the pistons' up-and-down motion into rotational energy, which is used to turn the wheels of the vehicle.
• Valves: Intake and exhaust valves regulate the flow of air, fuel, and exhaust gases into and out of the engine's cylinders.
• Timing Belt: The timing belt connects the crankshaft and camshaft, ensuring precise timing for the opening and closing of valves during the engine's operation.
• Fuel Injectors: Fuel injectors spray fuel into the combustion chambers, ensuring the correct air-fuel mixture for efficient combustion.
• Spark Plugs: Spark plugs ignite the fuel mixture in each cylinder, initiating the combustion process that powers the engine.
• Exhaust System: The exhaust system expels the exhaust gases produced during combustion, ensuring that the engine runs cleanly and efficiently.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Like any technology, inline engines come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages, as explained in the table below:

Conclusion

An inline engine is one of the most popular engine configurations in the automobile industry. Its straightforward design, small size, and fuel efficiency make it perfect for use in vehicles, trucks, motorcycles, and other industrial applications. While there are various types of inline engines, including inline, each has its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages. By understanding how they operate and their applications, you can better appreciate their role in modern vehicles.

When owning a vehicle, it is also important to ensure you choose the right car insurance online to protect your investment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Have you ever wondered why your vehicle comes to a halt when you press the brake pedal? That is the role of brake fluid—a vital yet often overlooked component in your car’s braking system. This essential fluid acts as the hydraulic force that transfers your pedal pressure into the mechanical action needed to stop your car. Despite its importance, brake fluid often gets overlooked during regular car maintenance.

Let us dive deeper into what is brake fluid, its various types, how often it should be changed, and the signs that indicate that it is time for a replacement. Understanding these aspects is essential for maintaining and ensuring your safety on every journey.

What is Brake Fluid?

Brake fluid transforms the force exerted by your foot on the brake pedal into the pressure that activates the brake pads or shoes to stop your vehicle. This fluid is housed in the master cylinder and moves through a system of brake lines and hoses to various brake system components, including the callipers and wheel cylinders. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of how it works:

Brake fluid operates within the closed circuit of the braking system, characterised by its incompressibility and high boiling point. Here’s what you need to know about this essential fluid:

• Hydraulic Functionality: Brake fluid carries the force from the brake pedal to the brake pads.
• Chemical Composition: It is composed of glycol-ether, silicone, or mineral oil, depending on the type (DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 5, and DOT 5.1).
• High Boiling Point: It is essential to prevent vapourisation within the brake lines under high temperatures.
•   Moisture Resistance: Except for DOT 5, most brake fluids absorb moisture over time, which can lower the boiling point and reduce effectiveness.

There are several types of brake fluid, each designed to perform under different conditions and specified by DOT (Department of Transportation) standards. The type of brake fluid suitable for your vehicle depends on the manufacturer's specifications and the expected operating conditions, such as temperature and system design. They include:

• DOT 3: This glycol-ether-based brake fluid is popular for its high boiling point but is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air.
• DOT 4: Also glycol-ether-based, this type has a higher boiling point, making it suitable for vehicles with anti-lock braking systems (ABS).
• DOT 5: This silicone-based fluid is non-hygroscopic, making it perfect for vehicles not used frequently as it does not absorb moisture.
• DOT 5.1: Similar to DOT 4, this glycol-ether-based fluid has a higher performance rating, particularly in cold conditions.

Importance of Brake Fluid

Brake fluid is essential for your vehicle's safety and efficiency. It plays a crucial role beyond just enabling the braking mechanism. Here is a closer look at the importance of brake fluid:

• Safety: Proper brake fluid levels and quality are crucial to ensuring your vehicle can stop effectively under all conditions. The fluid's ability to withstand high temperatures without boiling helps maintain the integrity of the hydraulic brake system, preventing brake failure during critical moments.
• Performance: Using the correct type of brake fluid and adhering to manufacturer-recommended change intervals are essential to preventing the degradation of braking performance. Brake fluid has a high boiling point to resist the extreme temperatures generated during braking. Over time, the boiling point can decrease due to moisture absorption, leading to reduced braking effectiveness, particularly in demanding situations such as heavy traffic or steep descents.
• Prevention of Repairs: Regularly changing the brake fluid helps prevent moisture accumulation, which can otherwise cause rust and damage to braking system components such as callipers, hoses, and the master cylinder. Moisture in brake fluid is a leading cause of premature brake system failure.
• Longevity: Maintaining brake fluid at optimal levels and conditions extends the life of your entire braking system. Clean and adequate brake fluid prevents wear and tear on the hydraulic parts, ensuring your brakes remain effective for longer periods. Safety-related regulations and information regularly published by authorities underscore the importance of regular brake maintenance, including fluid checks, to extend the lifespan of vehicles’ braking systems.

Maintenance Recommendations: Check the brake fluid at least once a year and replace it every two years or as specified by your vehicle's manufacturer. This schedule can vary based on your driving habits and the vehicle's operating environment. Refer to your vehicle's owner's manual for precise guidelines. It's also a good idea to have professionals check your car’s brakes; they can properly evaluate the fluid's condition and ensure that the brakes meet safety standards.

Conclusion

Brake fluid plays a crucial role in ensuring the operational integrity and safety of vehicles. Regularly checking and maintaining your car’s brake fluid ensures the brakes are working efficiently, keeping your vehicle safe and extending its lifespan. 

Securing comprehensive car insurance is equally important. Just as you wouldn’t overlook replacing brake fluid or engine oil, ensuring that your vehicle is adequately insured protects against the financial implications of unforeseen events. 

Always consult your vehicle’s owner's manual for specific recommendations on brake fluid types and change intervals. 

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

Have you ever wondered what makes a car accelerate quickly or effortlessly climb a steep hill? The answer lies in two critical engine performance metrics: torque and horsepower. Torque focuses on the initial power that gets the car moving and enables it to perform strenuous tasks like towing.

In contrast, horsepower measures the engine's ability to maintain high speeds, making it a key factor in how fast a car can go. Both are crucial for understanding a vehicle’s capabilities regardless of whether you are a car enthusiast or simply looking to make informed decisions about vehicle purchases or 4-wheeler insurance.

Let us explore the difference between horsepower and torque and how these shape the driving experience.

What is Torque?

Torque is a key concept in physics and engineering, defined as the force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. In the automotive world, torque translates directly to an engine’s power and significantly impacts a car’s acceleration. Here is a closer look at torque, its measurements, and its impact on vehicle performance:

The Physics Behind Torque

• Rotational Equivalent: In physics, torque is the rotational counterpart to linear force. It is generated when the force from the engine’s combustion process acts on the pistons, rotating the crankshaft and converting linear force into rotational motion.
• Formula: Torque is calculated using the formula:

Torque = Force × Distance, where distance refers to the radius from the axis of rotation to where the force is applied.

Torque's Role in Vehicle Dynamics

• Acceleration: Torque directly determines a vehicle's ability to accelerate quickly. Higher torque means faster movement from a stop.
• Handling and Control: Torque affects how a vehicle manoeuvres around curves and traverses different terrains, enhancing stability and driver control.
• Efficiency and Power: High-torque engines can move a vehicle with less effort, reducing engine strain and potentially extending engine life.

Practical Implications of Torque

• Daily Driving: Torque determines how quickly a vehicle starts moving at traffic lights or during city driving.
• Towing and Hauling: Vehicles with high torque are ideal for towing or hauling heavy loads, offering greater capacity without overstressing the engine.
• Off-Roading: Torque provides the necessary power to conquer rough terrains and steep inclines, crucial for off-road performance.

How to Calculate Torque?

Torque is a crucial factor in understanding a vehicle's performance. Here is how it is calculated:

The formula for Calculating Torque

• Basic Equation: Torque = Force × Distance. Here, distance refers to the lever arm—the radius from the rotational axis to the point where the force is applied.
• Units of Measurement: The standard unit for torque in the International System of Units (SI) is Newton-meters (Nm). Other units include kilogram-meter (kgm) and foot-pounds (ft-lbs), commonly used in the automotive industry.

What is Horsepower?

Horsepower (HP) is synonymous with power and performance in the automotive world. Calculating horsepower helps engineers and mechanics understand an engine's efficiency and capability. This helps in designing more efficient vehicles and machinery.

Here’s a closer look at horsepower and its role in vehicle performance:

Historical Background and Definition

•   Origin of the Term: Coined by James Watt, the famous Scottish inventor, horsepower was initially used to compare the power of steam engines to draft horses. It quantified how many horses an engine could replace.
• Standard Definition: Historically, one horsepower was defined as the ability to lift 33000 pounds in one foot in one minute. This unit symbolises an engine’s capacity over time.

Modern Context in Automobiles

• Engine Performance: In automobiles, horsepower represents the total power output of an engine. It shows how much work the engine can perform over a specific period. It affects how fast a vehicle can travel and how well it maintains high speeds.
• Measurement Units: Horsepower is often abbreviated as HP. While prevalent in the United States, kilowatts (kW) are increasingly used worldwide by the metric system.

How Horsepower Impacts Driving

• Speed and Acceleration: Higher horsepower enables faster acceleration and higher maximum speeds, crucial for performance vehicles.
• Vehicle Capability: Vehicles with more horsepower can handle demanding tasks like towing, carrying heavy loads, or climbing steep gradients without strain.

Practical Applications of Horsepower

• Comparing Vehicles: Horsepower is a key metric for comparing vehicles, especially sports cars, where high performance is essential.
• Marketing and Sales: Automobile manufacturers often highlight horsepower figures in marketing to appeal to customers seeking powerful and capable vehicles.

How to Calculate Horsepower?

The most commonly used formula for calculating horsepower in automobiles is:

HP = (Torque x RPM)/5252.

This formula connects the engine's torque output and rotational speed, measuring its overall power efficiency at different speeds.

Components:

•   HP: Represents the engine’s total power output.
• Torque: Measured in pound-feet (lb-ft), it represents the force the engine generates to turn the wheels.
•   RPM: Revolutions per Minute indicate how fast the engine is running.

Practical Implications of Horsepower Calculation

• Vehicle Performance: Knowing horsepower helps evaluate a vehicle's speed and acceleration capabilities.
•   Engineering Applications: Horsepower calculations are vital in industries beyond automobiles, such as aerospace, marine, and industrial engineering.
• Weight Considerations: The formula can factor in a vehicle’s weight to determine the horsepower needed for specific speeds or load conditions.

What are the Differences Between Torque and Horsepower?

Understanding torque vs horsepower can guide you in choosing the right vehicle for your driving style and needs:

Parameters and Measurement

•   Torque: This force initiates vehicle movement and sustains it under load. It is measured in Newton-meters (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft).
• Horsepower: Represents an engine’s ability to maintain performance over time. It is calculated using the formula: HP= (Torque × RPM)/5252 and is expressed in HP.

Impact on Vehicle Performance

• Torque: Affects acceleration at lower speeds, helping a car start moving quickly and handle tasks like towing or climbing hills.
• Horsepower: Influences high-speed performance and endurance, enabling vehicles to maintain speed on highways and achieve top speeds.

Driver Experience

• Torque: Provides the immediate thrust needed for quick acceleration, especially in city driving or stop-and-go traffic.
• Horsepower: Ensures a vehicle can achieve and sustain high speeds efficiently, making it ideal for highway driving and long-distance travel.

Fuel Consumption and Efficiency Considerations

• Torque: Vehicles with high torque at low RPMs are often more fuel-efficient in urban settings due to efficient acceleration.
•   Horsepower: Higher horsepower usually results in higher fuel consumption, particularly when maintaining high speeds. However, efficiency varies depending on engine design and aerodynamics.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between torque and horsepower helps in selecting a vehicle suited to your driving needs, whether for city commuting or highway travel. These specifications also influence decisions regarding 4-wheeler insurance, as vehicles with higher horsepower or torque might have higher premiums due to increased risks or maintenance costs. Choosing a 4-wheeler insurance policy that aligns with your vehicle's capabilities ensures protection and peace of mind.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

The Auto Expo India 2025, held from February 7 to 12 at Greater Noida’s India Expo Mart, was a significant event for the global automotive industry. Under the theme “Green Wheels, Smart Futures”, the expo highlighted India’s twin goals of establishing itself as a hub for EV manufacturing and making sustainable mobility accessible to all. The expo brought together key industry players to ͏explore cutting-edge innovations influencing the sector.

From hydrogen-powered trucks to AI-driven micromobility solutions, the India Auto ͏Expo 2͏025 ͏showcased India's evolving role as a ͏global͏ ͏leader rather than just a consumer market.

Auto Expo 2025 updates & highlights of key launches

1. Revised FAME-III policy: The Auto Expo 2025 became a platform for policy announcements, with the Indian government unveiling its revised FAME-III (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) scheme. The policy allocates:

• ₹12,000 crore to subsidise EV purchases, charging infrastructure, and R&D for battery-swapping technologies until 2030. 
• ₹2,000 crore Hydrogen Valley Initiative was introduced to establish three pilot hubs for green hydrogen production and fuel-cell vehicle testing.

2. New EV launches: One of the most talked-about segments of the Auto Expo 2025 was the introduction of several new electric vehicles (EVs). Leading manufacturers unveiled EV ͏models ͏that promise longer ranges, quicker͏ charging capabilities, and enhanced connectivity features. ͏These cars promise to:

• Reduce carbon emissions 
• Superior driving experience
1. Key collaborations between automotive leaders and tech innovators:
• Toyota-Kirloskar showcased a prototype of its India-made hydrogen combustion engine, targeting commercial vehicles.
• Hero MotoCorp partnered with Taiwan’s Gogoro to launch swappable battery stations for electric two-wheelers.
• BMW India debuted its iVision Circular concept, a 100% recyclable EV that aligns with India’s circular economy goals.
2. Key launches: The Auto Expo 2025 witnessed a blend of futuristic concepts and production-ready models:
• Maruti Suzuki eVitara SUV: Maruti Suzuki’s first electric vehicle, the eVitara SUV, was unveiled at the expo. This launch aims to meet India’s rising demand for affordable and sustainable mobility solutions.
• Hyundai Creta Electric: Hyundai introduced the Creta Electric, an electrified version of its popular SUV model. The Creta Electric is designed as an eco-friendly alternative without compromising͏ on performance or comfort.͏
• BMW iX1 Long Wheelbase (LWB) and New X3: BMW’s new launch, iX1 LWB, tailored specifically for the Indian market to provide enhanced rear-seat comfort. Additionally͏, ͏the ͏new͏ X3 model was introduced,͏ featuring ͏updated design elements and͏ advanced͏ technology͏ integrations.
• Tata Curvv EV: Tata Motors showcased the Curv͏͏v EV, a mid-size electric͏ S͏UV with ͏a͏ 500 km range and advanced connectivity͏, ͏marking͏ ͏its push into the premium͏ ͏EV segment͏.
• Kia EV6 Facelift: Kia Motors unveiled the updated EV6, featuring refreshed design elements and advanced tech upgrades. The facelift aims to boost Kia’s position in India’s competitive electric vehicle market.
• Mercedes-Benz CLA Concept: Mercedes-Benz introduced the CLA Concept, an all-electric four-door coupé built on the new Mercedes Modular Architecture (MMA) platform. This concept showcases the brand’s vision for the future of luxury EVs.
• MG Cyberster and M9: MG Motor captivated attendees with the debut of the Cyberster, an electric roadster that blends classic design cues with modern electric performance. Alongside, the M9 model was introduced, expanding MG's portfolio in the Indian market.
• Suzuki Gixxer SF 250 Flex Fuel: In the two-wheeler segment, Suzuki launched the Gixxer SF 250 Flex Fuel motorcycle. This model ͏is ͏capable of͏ running on both petrol and ethanol, offering a versatile͏ ͏and ͏environmentally friendly ͏option for riders.
• BYD Sealion 7: BYD announced the commencement of bookings for the Sealion 7, an electric SUV equipped with an 82.56kWh battery pack and 11 airbags. The vehicle is available in Premium and Performance variants, with deliveries expected to begin on March 7, 2025.
• VinFast VF6 and VF7: Vietnamese automaker VinFast enters the Indian market with the introduction of the VF6 and VF7 electric SUVs, aiming to offer new choices to Indian consumers.

Conclusion

The Auto Expo India 2͏025 marked a defining ͏͏moment for India’s automotive ͏͏future, proving its ability to ͏lead in sustainable͏ ͏and͏ smart mobility͏. With groundbreaking EV ͏launches, hydrogen-powered innovations, and AI-driven advancements, the͏ India Auto Expo showcased a vision where ͏cleaner, more efficient transport is within reach. 

As ͏more vehicles hit the ͏road, securing͏ car insurance online will be ͏essential to ensuring a͏ smooth transition into the automotive industry transformation. Alongside the mandatory third-party͏ car insurance, ͏a own-damage or comprehensive car insurance policy protects car owners from losses due to accidents, thefts and damages to expensive car parts needing repair or replacements.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Automobile braking technology has come a long way since Louis Renault popularised drum brakes in the early 1900s. Drum brakes were initially popular for their reliability and cost-effectiveness but have been largely replaced by disc brakes in modern vehicles. Disc brakes are known to perform exceptionally well under high-risk conditions. While not very popular initially, disc brakes have proven their effectiveness with time. The usage of disc brake or drum brake has a significant impact on your vehicle’s performance. Let us understand in detail - how they differ, their working mechanism, and their advantages and limitations.

What is a Drum Brake?

A drum brake system is a traditional braking mechanism that plays a vital role in vehicle safety. The most important parts of a drum brake system are:

• Drum: It is a rotating cylinder attached directly to the wheel. It acts as the outer shell within which all other brake components operate.

• Brake Shoes: These are curved pads with friction material on one side. Hydraulic pressure drives the shoes outward against the inner surface of the drum when you push the brake pedal.

• Brake Drum Housing: This houses the brake shoes and is connected to the wheel assembly. It remains stationary as the drum rotates with the wheel.

• Master Cylinder: It is a critical part of the brake’s hydraulic system. When you press the brake pedal, it pushes hydraulic fluid to the brake shoes. This causes them to expand and create friction against the drum, which in turn slows down or stops the vehicle.

Advantages of Drum Brake

Drum brakes are a reliable option for vehicles that are not driven on rough or unsafe routes. Here are the main advantages:

• Durability: Drum brakes wear down more slowly due to a larger friction contact area with the brake shoes. This extends their lifespan compared to disc brakes.

• Cost-Effectiveness: Drum brakes are economical to produce and install. Hence, they are a popular choice for budget vehicles. Their make and design reduce initial costs and maintenance expenses.

• Low Input Force: They require less force for effective braking due to the mechanical advantage of their design. This makes them easier and more comfortable to use during regular driving.

• Ease of Maintenance: The enclosed design protects internal components from dust and water. This significantly lowers the maintenance.

• Consistent Performance: Drum brakes are reliable in all weather conditions. They maintain adequate stopping power in moderate and extreme climates.

Disadvantages of Drum Brake

Drum brakes have some disadvantages that impact a vehicle's performance in certain conditions. They are:

• Heat Accumulation and Brake Fade: Drum brakes can overheat due to their enclosed design, which lacks efficient heat dissipation. This overheating can lead to brake fade as the brake shoes glaze and harden under high temperatures.

• Increased Pedal Effort: When overheated, the drum expands slightly. This means you need to press the brake pedal harder to achieve the same braking effect. This can be problematic during emergency stops when rapid braking is needed.

• Grabbing: Drum brakes are prone to “grabbing” when the brake shoes become wet or rusty. This causes uneven and potentially dangerous braking, especially at higher speeds.

• Maintenance Complexity: The multiple components within the drum, such as springs and adjusters, make maintenance challenging and time-consuming. They require regular maintenance to avoid problems like sticking or squealing.

• Reduced Effectiveness in Wet Conditions: Water can enter the drum and reduce the friction between the brake shoes and the drum. This diminishes braking power in wet conditions.

What is Disc Brake?

Disc brakes are a more advanced type of braking system that has become the standard in modern vehicle design. The key components of a disc brake system include:

• Rotor: The rotor is the circular disc that spins with the wheel. It is the surface against which the brake pads compress to create friction and slow the vehicle.

• Calliper: The calliper fits over the rotor and houses the brake pads and pistons.

• Brake Pads: These are fitted within the calliper and press against the rotor when the brake is applied.

• Piston: The piston is located inside the calliper. It pushes the pads into the rotor when hydraulic pressure is applied through the braking system.

Hydraulic fluid forces the pistons to extend when the brake pedal is pressed. This presses the brake pads tightly against the rotor. This action generates friction, which reduces the speed of the vehicle. The force exerted by the disc brake is significantly more direct and powerful than that of drum brakes. This results in quicker and more reliable stopping.

Advantages of Disc Brake

Disc brakes are favoured for their exceptional performance and advanced mechanism. Here are some other advantages:

• Efficient Heat Dissipation: The open rotor design of disc brakes allows for superior air circulation and heat management. This rapid heat dissipation is crucial during high-speed driving or frequent braking. It prevents brake fade and improves performance and longevity.

• Enhanced Braking Force with Less Effort: The hydraulic systems in disc brakes reduce the effort needed from the driver while increasing braking force. This ensures powerful and confident braking with minimal pedal pressure.

• Reliable Performance in Various Conditions: Disc brakes perform consistently in diverse weather conditions. Their design prevents water retention, reduces the risk of slipping, and maintains an effective grip even on wet roads.

• Ease of Installation and Maintenance: Disc brakes have a simpler and more accessible configuration, which makes them easier to install and maintain. With fewer parts to manage, routine maintenance can be performed quickly and cost-effectively.

Disadvantages of Disc Brake

Disc brakes also come with notable downsides, especially regarding cost, durability, and specific performance aspects. Let us understand them:

• Higher Cost: Disc brakes are more expensive to produce due to their complex design and high-quality material requirements. Some manufacturers still prefer drum brakes for rear wheels to control costs.

• Rotor Warping: The intense heat generated during high-speed braking can cause disc brake rotors to warp, especially when cooled suddenly. This warping results in uneven braking, and it is felt as vibrations in the steering wheel or brake pedal. Improper installation and over-tightening of wheel nuts can exacerbate this issue.

• Frequent Brake Pad Replacement: Although disc brakes provide superior stopping power, this comes at the cost of quicker brake pad wear. Frequent replacements become a necessity.

• Reduced Effectiveness as Parking Brakes: The metal in disc brakes contracts in cold conditions. It reduces their effectiveness as parking brakes because they do not generate heat when not in active use. High-performance vehicles often include a separate drum brake for parking to mitigate this problem.

• Noise and Dust Production: Disc brakes tend to produce more noise and brake dust than drum brakes. The noise mainly arises from vibrations between the brake pad and rotor, while the dust comes from the friction material wearing off during braking.

Difference Between Drum Brake vs Disc Brake

Understanding the difference between disc and drum brakes is crucial. Here is how they differ:

Conclusion

Choosing between disc brake vs drum brake impacts your vehicle’s performance as well as your safety. Modern cars and bikes often use disc brakes at the front for better stopping power and drum brakes at the rear for cost efficiency. This article helps you in making an informed decision about which is better disc or drum brakes in bikes or cars. Just like it’s hard to imagine a vehicle without a braking system, it’s equally important to safeguard your investment by opting for a reliable car or  two-wheeler insurance.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Carbon fibre's strength, low weight, and high-performance advantages have drawn much attention in recent years. From sports cars to electric vehicles, carbon fibre is now being used in a variety of automotive applications, making vehicles faster, safer, and more efficient. But what is carbon fibre material, and why is it so highly valued in the automobile industry? Learn more about carbon fibre, how it is made, how it is used in cars, and how it will affect future automotive development.

What is Carbon Fibre?

Carbon fibre is formed by thin strands of carbon atoms bound together in a crystalline structure. These fibres are incredibly strong yet lightweight, which makes them ideal for various high-performance applications, especially in the automotive industry.

Here are some key points about carbon fibre:

• Composition: Carbon fibre is primarily made from a polymer called polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which is heated to extremely high temperatures in a process called pyrolysis. As a result, the polymer becomes carbon atoms that weave into strong, lengthy threads.
• Strength: Carbon fibre is known for its impressive strength-to-weight ratio. It is stronger than steel but much lighter, making it ideal for industries that require materials to be both tough and lightweight.
• Appearance: The material often has a distinctive black, woven appearance, which is one of the visual trademarks of carbon fibre.
• Durability: Carbon fibre is resistant to corrosion, making it a durable choice for many applications.

How is Carbon Fibre Made?

The process of making carbon fibre is quite intricate and requires precise conditions. Here are the main steps involved in manufacturing carbon fibre:

• Preparation of Precursor Material: The precursor material used to make carbon fibre is typically a type of plastic, most commonly polyacrylonitrile (PAN), although other materials can also be used. The PAN is spun into threads, which are known as fibres.
• Stabilisation: The fibres are then chemically stabilised. This process involves heating them to temperatures around 200°C to help prevent them from melting during the next steps.
• Carbonisation: The stabilised fibres are heated to extremely high temperatures (above 1000 °C) in a furnace in the absence of oxygen. This process is known as carbonisation, and it transforms the fibres into pure carbon.
• Surface Treatment: After carbonisation, the fibres undergo a surface treatment process that helps them bond better with other materials. This is crucial when creating composite materials by mixing carbon fibre with polymers or resins.
• Weaving and Moulding: Fabrics made from carbon fibres can then be moulded into various shapes. Composite materials, which are used in various applications, are frequently made by combining these fabrics with resins or polymers.

Use Cases of Carbon Fibre in Automobiles

Carbon fibre is widely used in the automotive industry, and its applications are growing rapidly. Here are some of the key uses of carbon fibre in cars:

• Body Panels: Carbon fibre is used in car body panels, such as hoods, doors, and roofs, to reduce weight. Lightweight body panels help improve fuel efficiency and performance.
• Chassis and Frame: Many high-performance cars, especially sports and luxury vehicles, use carbon fibre in the chassis and frame. This helps to enhance the car's structural integrity while keeping the overall weight low.
• Interior Components: Carbon fibre is also used in car interiors, such as dashboard trim, seats, and door panels. In addition to keeping the car lightweight, this gives it a more premium appearance.
• Wheel Housings: Carbon fibre is sometimes used to manufacture wheel housings, reducing weight in the car's suspension system and improving handling.
• Drive Shafts and Suspension Parts: Carbon fibre can be found in various mechanical components, such as drive shafts, suspension arms, and brake rotors. These components benefit from carbon fibre’s strength, which helps improve performance and reduce the weight of the car.

Pros and Cons of Carbon Fibre

Like any other material, carbon fibre comes with both advantages and disadvantages. Here’s a look at the pros and cons of using carbon fibre in automobiles:

Conclusion

Carbon fibre has transformed the automotive sector, with notable gains in efficiency, safety, and performance. Its lightweight and high-strength qualities make it perfect for a variety of uses, from body panels to interior components. Carbon fibre will probably be a key component of automobiles, particularly in high-performance and electric vehicles. As cars become more advanced and costly, securing reliable car insurance remains essential to protect your investment.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Variable Valve Timing (VVT) is a breakthrough technology bridging the power and sustainability gap. Unlike traditional engines with fixed valve timing, VVT dynamically adjusts the opening and closing of intake and exhaust valves. As modern vehicles strive to meet stricter environmental regulations while maintaining peak performance, VVT technology has become important for efficient engine design. Let us understand what is a VVT, its functions, how it works, types, advantages and disadvantages.

What is a Variable Valve Timing (VVT)?

Variable Valve Timing is a system used in internal combustion engines to enhance their performance and efficiency. Traditional engines operate with fixed valve timing, meaning the intake and exhaust valves open and close at predetermined intervals, regardless of the engine's speed or load. This can lead to inefficiencies, particularly under varying driving conditions.

VVT solves this issue by dynamically adjusting the timing of valve operations. By doing so, the engine can achieve optimal air-fuel mixture and exhaust flow across different speeds and loads. This technology is necessary to improve fuel efficiency, increase power output, and reduce emissions.

VVT systems are commonly found in modern petrol and diesel engines. They are essential for meeting stringent environmental regulations while improving driver performance.

Types of Valve Timing Processes

VVT systems are designed to improve engine efficiency and performance by altering valve operation. Here are the main types of valve timing processes, each with distinct features:

1. Cam Phasing Systems

Cam phasing systems adjust the angle of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft. This changes the timing of valve openings and closings to optimise performance at varying engine speeds. The systems are efficient because they do not alter the valve lift and focus solely on timing.

2. Variable Cam Timing (VCT)

VCT systems alter the timing of either the intake or exhaust valves independently. This allows for better control of torque at low speeds and enhanced power at high speeds. The system operates through hydraulic actuators controlled by the ECU.

3. Variable Valve Lift and Timing (VVLT)

VVLT systems adjust both the valve timing and lift, allowing precise control over the air-fuel mixture. This results in greater efficiency and power across the engine’s speed range. Advanced designs use electric actuators to achieve this high level of precision.

4. Two-Step Systems

These systems use two pre-set valve timing profiles, which switch in between depending on engine load and speed. While simpler than other systems, they provide significant improvements over fixed valve timing. They are cost-effective and suitable for engines that do not require complex timing adjustments.

How Does a Valve Timing Process Work?

The valve timing process in a VVT engine is controlled by the camshaft, which determines the operation of the intake and exhaust valves. In a conventional engine, this process is fixed and remains the same under all conditions. However, VVT technology introduces dynamic adjustments, made possible through mechanisms like hydraulics, electronics, or mechanical components. Some of the key steps in the process are:

• Monitoring Driving Conditions: Sensors in the engine monitor various parameters, such as throttle position, engine speed, and load. This data is sent to the engine control unit (ECU).
• Adjusting Valve Timing: Based on the data, the ECU adjusts the timing of the camshaft using mechanisms like hydraulic actuators or variable gear systems. For instance, the valves might open later at low speeds to improve fuel efficiency, while at high speeds, they open earlier for maximum power.
• Optimising Performance: The engine achieves better combustion, smoother operation, and improved efficiency by fine-tuning the valve timing, depending on the specific driving scenario.

Functions of Variable Valve Timing

Variable Valve Timing serves several important purposes in a car's engine which enhances both performance and efficiency. Below are its primary functions:

1. Optimising Air-Fuel Mixture: VVT ensures that the air-fuel mixture entering the combustion chamber is optimal by adjusting the timing of valve openings and closings.
2. Improving Fuel Efficiency: VVT systems can modify valve timing to allow more efficient fuel combustion, especially during low-speed or idle conditions.
3. Enhancing Power Output: At higher speeds, the engine requires more air for combustion. VVT allows the intake valves to stay open longer, ensuring that the engine gets the necessary air supply to produce maximum power.
4. Reducing Emissions: VVT systems help minimise unburnt fuel and other harmful pollutants in the exhaust by improving the efficiency of the combustion process.
5. Providing Smooth Engine Performance: Dynamic valve timing ensures that the engine operates smoothly under various conditions.

Advantages of Variable Valve Timing

The adoption of VVT technology offers numerous benefits, which makes it an important feature in modern engines. Now that you understand what is VVT engine, here are some of its key advantages:

1. Better Fuel Economy: VVT systems adjust valve timing to ensure efficient combustion, reducing fuel consumption, especially in stop-and-go traffic or during steady highway cruising.
2. Improved Engine Performance: VVT enhances torque at low speeds and boosts power at high speeds, providing a more versatile driving experience.
3. Lower Emissions: The precise control over the combustion process helps reduce emissions of harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
4. Increased Engine Longevity: VVT systems contribute to a longer engine lifespan by reducing stress on the engine and optimising its performance.
5. Enhanced Driving Experience: VVT engines offer smoother acceleration, better throttle response, and reduced vibrations, resulting in a more enjoyable ride.

While VVT systems offer many advantages, they also have some limitations:

1. Complexity: The technology involves intricate mechanical, hydraulic, and electronic components, making it more complex than traditional engines. This increases the likelihood of malfunctions.
2. Higher Maintenance Costs: Due to its complexity, VVT systems require specialised maintenance and repairs, which can be more expensive than conventional systems.
3. Initial Cost: Cars with VVT engines are often more expensive due to the advanced technology involved in their design and manufacturing.
4. Dependence on Oil Quality: VVT systems rely heavily on clean engine oil for proper functioning. Poor-quality or degraded oil can cause the system to malfunction.

Conclusion

Variable Valve Timing has made internal combustion engines more adaptable, efficient, and powerful. It ensures optimal performance by adjusting valve timing based on real-time conditions. VVT not only delivers better fuel economy and enhanced power output but also reduces emissions, meeting performance and environmental standards. As the automotive industry continues to prioritise innovation and eco-friendliness, VVT will remain an important feature in modern engines. To protect your investment in such advanced technology, consider opting for comprehensive car insurance to cover potential risks and accidents.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

The performance of a car largely hinges on two critical factors: power and torque. Understanding these metrics is essential when considering a car's capability — whether it's for speed, towing or everyday driving. While they are critical to understanding vehicle performance, they are often misunderstood. What do these terms actually mean? How do they impact your choice of vehicle? This blog breaks down power vs torque, explains their differences, and shows why they matter.

What is Power?

Power, in automotive terms, is the engine’s ability to perform over time. Moreover, it determines how fast a car can accelerate and reach its top speed. Power is expressed in horsepower (hp) or kilowatts (kW) and is a key factor in high-speed performance. Power is derived from the interplay of torque and engine speed. The value of power is calculated using the formula:

Horsepower = Torque x RPM / 5,252

In this formula:

• Torque refers to the rotational force.
• RPM (revolutions per minute) measures the speed at which the engine’s crankshaft rotates.
• The more efficiently an engine generates torque at high RPM, the higher its power output.

Why is Power Important?

Power is one of the most critical factors determining a car's performance and overall driving experience. It refers to how quickly an engine can generate force over time, which impacts speed, acceleration, and even driving comfort. 

Let's explore the key reasons why power is so vital in a car's performance.

• High-Speed Driving: Power determines how quickly a car can reach and maintain high speeds. Vehicles with higher power are designed to handle prolonged high-speed driving, making them ideal for highway cruising or track performance. Power ensures the engine can deliver sustained output without compromising stability or efficiency.
• Acceleration: Vehicles with higher power can accelerate faster, which is particularly useful for overtaking on highways or merging into traffic. Quick acceleration not only enhances convenience but also improves safety in situations where swift manoeuvring is required.
• Load-Carrying Performance: Power is essential when carrying heavy loads over long distances, particularly in vehicles designed for utility or transport. Even with significant weight, a powerful engine ensures the vehicle maintains speed and prevents sluggish performance on inclines or uneven terrain.
• Performance in Varying Terrains: For vehicles designed for performance, such as rally cars or adventure SUVs, power is critical to navigate challenging terrains. It helps overcome resistance from sand, mud, or snow, ensuring the vehicle maintains momentum and avoids getting stuck. 

What is Torque?

Torque refers to the rotational force that an engine generates. It is the twisting force that allows the wheels to move and maintain balanced movement under load. Torque is measured in Newton-meters (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft).

Torque is generated by the engine when the pistons exert force on the crankshaft, creating rotational movement. This force directly influences the car's ability to move, particularly from a standstill or under load. Tools like dynamometers measure this rotational force accurately, aiding engineers in optimising engine performance.

Torque plays a vital role in several key aspects of vehicle dynamics, such as:

• Initial Movement: Torque provides the thrust needed to move a car from a standstill, especially when starting on an incline or carrying heavy loads. Without sufficient torque, even powerful engines struggle to overcome inertia and initiate movement efficiently.
• Towing Capacity: Vehicles with high torque are ideal for towing trailers, boats, or other heavy items. High torque ensures steady pulling power and prevents the engine from straining, even on steep gradients or long hauls.
• Off-Road Performance: For SUVs and trucks, torque is critical for navigating rough terrains or climbing steep hills. It ensures consistent power delivery to the wheels, helping vehicles maintain traction and overcome obstacles.
• Fuel Efficiency at Low Speeds: Higher torque at lower RPM enables better fuel efficiency during city driving. This is because the engine doesn’t need to rev as high to produce the required power, conserving fuel while maintaining smooth performance in stop-and-go traffic.
• Improved Stability in All-Wheel-Drive Systems: In all-wheel-drive (AWD) or four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicles, torque distribution across all wheels enhances stability and control. This is especially important in slippery conditions like snow or rain, where optimal torque application prevents wheel slippage and maintains grip.

Difference Between Power and Torque

Though power and torque are related, they have unique implications on a vehicle’s performance. Understanding these differences can help you choose a car that best suits your needs.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between power and torque is essential for choosing the right vehicle. Power focuses on speed and acceleration, while torque emphasises strength and versatility. Both play unique roles in a vehicle's performance.

Knowing these metrics matters whether you want to drive fast, tow heavy loads, or explore off-road terrains. Always secure your vehicle and buy car insurance to remain protected from damage, accidents, or theft.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Digital rearview mirrors have emerged as a smart feature that changes how drivers gauge their surroundings. This technology signifies a huge leap from regular rearview mirrors to a combination of mirrors, HD displays, and rear-mounted cameras, giving drivers an excellent view of objects behind the vehicle. Unlike conventional mirror views, which can be obstructed by passengers, cargo, or adverse weather conditions, digital rearview mirrors provide an unobstructed and crystal-clear view of what's behind the vehicle.

Let's explore some of the best cars with digital rearview mirrors.

List of cars with digital rearview mirror

Digital rearview mirrors are advanced systems that not only eliminate blind spots but also perform well in low-visibility situations such as rain, fog, or night driving. They can instantly adjust to changing conditions and remove headlight glare from passing vehicles. This technology allows drivers to switch between the normal mirror and digital display modes.

Here's the list of cars with digital rearview mirror installed:

1.     Land Rover Range Rover

The Range Rover showcases Land Rover's dedication to combining elegance with cutting-edge technology. Its digital rearview mirror technology is a huge improvement in driving aid, and the car's large size and high seating position make the integration of the rearview system even more attractive.

The Range Rover's digital rearview mirror stands out because it compliments its other high-end features. This technology perfectly matches the Range Rover's reputation as a vehicle that excels in urban environments and challenging terrain.

• Engine: 2996 cc - 2998 cc
• Mileage: 10.42 kmpl (Petrol AMT) / 13.16 kmpl (Diesel AMT)
• Power: 346 - 394 bhp
• Ex-showroom Price: Rs.2.40 - 4.98 Cr (approx)

2.     Lexus LM

The Lexus LM brings a fresh viewpoint to the luxury MPV market by adopting digital rearview mirror technology. This function is especially useful for the LM because the privacy screens and fancy rear seats might make it hard to see objects behind the car from the rearview mirror. The digital system ensures drivers are always aware of what's happening around them.

A digital rearview mirror is more than just a safety element in the LM; it's an important part of the luxury element. The system works harmoniously with the vehicle's other advanced features to create a safe driving experience.

• Engine: 2487 cc
• Mileage: 11.5 kmpl
• Power: 190.42 bhp
• Ex-showroom Price: Rs.2.10 - 2.62 Cr (approx)

3.     Land Rover Defender

The Land Rover Defender's digital rearview mirror technology illustrates how new technologies may enhance old off-road skills. The advanced system becomes particularly valuable when the Defender is packed with adventure gear or when standard vision is restricted during intensive off-road moves. The digital mirror's weather-resistant powers perfectly match the Defender's go-anywhere attitude.

Its ability to blend traditional toughness with cutting-edge technology sets the Defender apart. The digital rearview mirror can be especially useful when the vehicle has roof racks, bike cases, or other outdoor items that might block conventional mirror vision. Additionally, the system excels when towing heavy loads or navigating through challenging conditions, offering clear visibility regardless of what's stopping the traditional rearview.

• Engine: 1997 cc - 5000 cc
• Mileage: 6.8 kmpl (Petrol AMT) / 14.01 kmpl (Diesel AMT)
• Power: 296 - 518 bhp
• Ex-showroom Price: Rs.1.04 - 1.57 Cr (approx)

4.     Kia EV9

The Kia EV9 reflects the future of car technology, with its digital rearview mirror system matching its all-electric engine. As a spacious electric SUV, the EV9's adoption of this technology serves functional and stylistic purposes. The system stands out for merging with the vehicle's other electric-focused features. The high-resolution display seamlessly integrates with the EV9's suite of advanced driver assistance systems, providing a unified and futuristic driving experience.

• Range: 561 km
• Power: 379 bhp
• Battery Capacity: 99.8 kWh
• Ex-showroom Price: Rs.1.30 Cr (approx)

Conclusion

As digital rearview technology becomes more common, it will set new standards for safety and convenience in driving. While currently featured mainly in luxury cars, digital rearview mirrors offer clear benefits. Including them shows the automobile industry's commitment to improving overall driving performance. As technology improves, this feature will become more popular in standard cars, improving road safety for everyone.

When investing in a car with high-tech features, it's crucial to protect that investment with comprehensive car insurance that provides coverage in case of accidents, unexpected damage, or theft. Look for car insurance online and opt for a policy that covers the basics and accounts for the advanced features of modern vehicles, including repairs to digital systems and high-tech components.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Driving in poor visibility conditions, such as fog, heavy rain, or snow, can be extremely dangerous. Limited visibility is a leading cause of road accidents. To help improve safety in these conditions, vehicles are equipped with various safety features, and one such important add-on is fog lights. These specialised lights improve visibility in difficult weather conditions.

However, fog lights are often misused by drivers who use them all the time. While others think they are unnecessary. In this guide, we will understand the purpose of fog lights in car, their benefits, the myths surrounding them, and the best practices for using them correctly.

What are fog lights in cars?

Fog lights are an auxiliary vehicle lighting system designed to improve visibility in foggy, misty, rainy, or snowy weather conditions. Unlike regular headlights, which can reflect off fog and create glare, fog lights are positioned lower on the vehicle to cast a wide, horizontal beam closer to the road surface.

Key features of fog lights:

• Low mounting position: Usually installed lower on the front bumper to reduce glare from fog.
• Wide and short beam: The beam is directed downward to light up the road rather than dispersing into the fog.
• Typically yellow or white: These colours reduce glare and penetrate fog, rain, and snow more effectively than standard headlights.
• Separate from standard headlights: Fog lights have a dedicated switch and are not automatically turned on with headlights.
• Available in front and rear: Front fog lights help drivers see better, while rear fog lights make the vehicle more visible to others.

Types of fog lights

The purpose of fog lights

Regular headlights, especially high beams, can reflect off fog, snow, or heavy rain, creating glare and making it harder to see. Fog lights help counter this issue by illuminating the road surface directly. Here are some of its main purposes:

• Foggy conditions: Standard headlights struggle to penetrate dense fog, but fog lights cut through it to reveal the road ahead.
• Heavy rain: During heavy rainfall, fog lights help reduce the reflection off wet surfaces and improve visibility.
• Snowfall: Snowfall can cause light to scatter, making visibility difficult; fog lights help by focusing illumination closer to the ground.
• Dusty environments: Fog lights can help improve visibility while driving in desert areas or construction zones.
• Rural or unlit roads: Some drivers use fog lights on poorly lit roads where standard headlights alone may not be sufficient.

Benefits of fog lights

Installing fog lights in your car provides several benefits, particularly in areas prone to poor weather. Here are some of the benefits of fog lamp in car:

• Improved visibility: They offer a clear view of the road in front of the vehicle in low-visibility conditions.
• Enhanced safety: They help reduce the risk of accidents by improving visibility.
• Reduced glare: Normal headlights cause glare in rain or fog while fog lights light up the path ahead without the risk of creating a glare.
• Better road awareness: Rear fog lights ensure that other drivers can see your car even in dense fog.
• Stylish look: Many vehicles have LED fog lights that enhance the overall aesthetics.

Fog lights common myths

Many misconceptions surround fog lights, which often lead to their misuse. Let's address some of the most common myths.

• Myth 1: Fog lights should be used all the time.

Reality: Fog lights should only be used when visibility is low. Using them unnecessarily can cause glare and make visibility difficult for other drivers.

• Myth 2: Fog lights are as bright as high beams.

Reality: Fog lights have a different beam pattern; they do not project light far ahead but focus on illuminating the road surface.

• Myth 3: Rear fog lights are unnecessary.

Reality: Rear fog lights are crucial for making your vehicle visible to drivers behind you in poor weather conditions.

• Myth 4: Fog lights make your car faster or more powerful.

Reality: Fog lights only affect visibility and safety. They do not improve the car's performance.

• Myth 5: Fog lights can replace headlights.

Reality: Fog lights are supplementary and should never be used as a replacement for standard headlights.

Conclusion

Fog lights are essential for driving in unpredictable weather and poor visibility conditions.  By increasing a car's visibility to other drivers, they lessen glare, increase visibility, and help reduce the risk of accidents. However, incorrectly using LED fog lights for cars can create hazards for other drivers. When used responsibly, fog lights provide added safety and confidence, especially while driving in harsh weather conditions.

It is also important to look for car insurance online and opt for a policy that provides coverage in case of accidents, theft or loss of expensive parts and accessories. Bad weather increases the risk of accidents, so having comprehensive car insurance can help cover damage and repairs.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

A catalytic converter is an important part of a car's exhaust system. The converter helps to reduce the harmful gases that come out of a vehicle's engine, oxidising them into non-toxic by-products making the air safer to breathe. Without a catalytic converter, cars would release more pollution into the environment, posing a threat to both human health and nature.

This blog covers everything from what is a catalytic converter, how it works, and its significance for cars.

What is a catalytic converter in a car?

A catalytic converter is a component of a car's exhaust system designed to convert engine emissions into less hazardous forms before they are released into the atmosphere.

Here are some key facts about catalytic converters:

• Catalytic converters are usually made of stainless steel and contain a ceramic or metal core coated with platinum, palladium, and rhodium (catalysts).
• Converters are located between the engine and the exhaust pipe.
• They work best when the engine is warm, requiring high temperatures to function properly.
• Most modern petrol and diesel cars have a catalytic converter as part of their exhaust system.

Types of catalytic converters:

The purpose of a catalytic converter

A catalytic converter aims to reduce air pollution by reducing harmful car engine emissions. When fuel burns inside an engine, it produces several harmful gases. Without a catalytic converter, these gases would go straight into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution and posing health problems.

Let us understand in detail about what does a catalytic converter do:

• They reduce harmful gases:
  • Carbon monoxide (CO): poisonous and harmful to humans.
  • Nitrogen oxides (NOx) contribute to acid rain and smog.
  • Hydrocarbons (HC) can cause respiratory problems and smog formation.
• They make cars meet legal requirements: In many countries, vehicles must meet strict emission standards. A catalytic converter helps cars pass these tests.
• They contribute to public health: By reducing harmful gases, catalytic converters help prevent breathing problems and other health issues caused by air pollution.

How does a catalytic converter work?

A catalytic converter works through a chemical reaction that transforms harmful gases into less toxic substances. Inside the converter, precious metals act as catalysts to facilitate this process.

The process inside a catalytic converter:

• Hot exhaust gases enter the catalytic converter: These gases include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
• Chemical reactions occur on the catalyst's surface: The metals inside the converter (platinum, palladium, and rhodium) help quicken the oxidation of harmful gases into safer ones.
• Conversion into less harmful gases:
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) → Carbon dioxide (CO₂) (which is not toxic)
  • Hydrocarbons (HC) → Carbon dioxide (CO₂) + Water (H₂O)
  • Nitrogen oxides (NOx) → Nitrogen (N₂) + Oxygen (O₂) (which are natural parts of the air)
• Clean gases exit the exhaust pipe: The transformed gases are released into the air, reducing pollution and making the emissions safer.

Factors that affect a catalytic converter's performance:

• Temperature: It needs to be hot (around 400-600°C) to work effectively.
• Type of fuel: Unleaded petrol and low-sulphur diesel help keep the converter clean.
• Condition of the engine: A well-maintained engine helps the catalytic converter function properly.
• Contaminants: Lead, oil, or coolant leaks can damage the catalytic converter.

Benefits of a catalytic converter

There are many benefits of catalytic converters, not just for cars but also for the environment and human health.

1. Reduces pollution

• Lowers the emission of harmful gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
• Helps maintain air quality standards, especially in cities with heavy traffic.

2. Helps meet legal emission standards

• Most countries have strict laws on vehicle emissions.
• A working catalytic converter ensures that cars comply with environmental regulations.

3. Improves fuel efficiency

• A well-maintained catalytic converter ensures better engine performance, which in turn leads to efficient fuel usage.

4. Reduces the risk of respiratory diseases

• Lower emissions mean fewer harmful gases in the air, reducing the risk of asthma, lung infections, and other respiratory problems.

5. Increases vehicle lifespan

• A working catalytic converter helps maintain the health of the engine and exhaust system.

Conclusion

A catalytic converter is important in reducing harmful emissions, protecting the environment, and ensuring vehicles meet legal standards. Regular car maintenance is important to keep a catalytic converter working properly. Using good-quality fuel, checking for engine issues, and keeping the exhaust system in good condition will help the converter last longer.

Additionally, it is important to consider protection against any unforeseen events. Securing insurance is a great way to ensure safety, and while you look for car insurance online, opt for a comprehensive policy that provides coverage against accidents, theft, damage, repair costs, and even third-party liabilities.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Car headlight technology has advanced significantly in recent times. In newer car models, the traditional halogen bulbs have given way to LED and HID (High-Intensity Discharge) lights. HID headlights are popular for bright illumination, wider coverage, and energy efficiency.

Many luxury cars come with HID headlights because they look sleek and high-tech. The bright white light they produce gives the vehicle a premium, stylish appearance.

In this blog, we’ll cover everything from what are HID headlights, their purpose and benefits, along with tips on what are the best HID headlights for your car.

What are HID headlights in cars?

HID car headlamps produce light using an electrical arc between two electrodes instead of a traditional filament. They are also known as xenon headlights because the arc chamber contains xenon gas, which generates a bright and efficient light output when heated by the electric arc.

How do HID headlights work?

• HID lights produce light by creating an electrical arc between two electrodes mounted in a quartz housing that contains xenon gas and some metallic salts.
• When the gas molecules and salts are heated, plasma produces a powerful light more intense than LEDs or halogen bulbs.
• An electronic ballast in the HID bulb regulates the electrical current needed to maintain a steady light output.

The purpose of HID lights

HID headlights serve multiple purposes:

• Improved night visibility: HID lights produce a brighter and wider beam, making it easier to see objects, road signs, and pedestrians at night. Their bluish-white light resembles natural daylight, reducing eye strain for drivers.
• Enhanced road safety: Since HID lights illuminate more of the road, they help you spot obstacles or hazards much earlier. Other drivers and pedestrians can see your vehicle more clearly, lowering the chances of accidents.
• Energy efficiency: HID headlights use less power than halogen bulbs, reducing the load on a car’s electrical system. They also generate more light per watt, making them an energy-efficient choice.
• Stylish and modern look: HID bulbs do not require elaborate reflective headlight housing, unlike halogen bulbs. This allows auto designers to play with interesting and elegant headlight shapes. Many high-end cars have HID headlights as standard due to their sleek and high-tech appearance. The bluish-white glow adds a premium look to any vehicle.
• Longer lifespan compared to halogen: HID headlights typically last two to three times longer than halogen bulbs, reducing the need for frequent replacements.

Benefits of HID headlights

HID headlights have several advantages over traditional bulbs. Here are some of their key benefits:

• High brightness: HID lamps are much brighter, providing a higher lumen of light compared to halogens. They can light up a wider area, which is useful for driving on dark or rural roads.
• Increased safety: Better visibility means fewer accidents, especially during night driving. Other drivers can spot your car from a greater distance, improving overall road safety.
• Lower power consumption: Unlike halogen bulbs, HID lights use less power, which can improve fuel efficiency in some vehicles.
• Durability and longevity: HID bulbs last around 2,000–3,000 hours, making them a cost-effective option.
• Customisation options: HID headlights come in different colour temperatures, allowing car owners to choose between warm white, pure white, or even bluish tones.

HID headlights: Common myths

There are many misconceptions about what are HID bulbs for cars. Let’s clear up some of the most common myths:

• Myth 1: HID lights are illegal

Fact: Only HID headlights without projectors are unlawful in India.

• Myth 2: HID lights consume more power

Fact: HID headlights are more energy-efficient than halogen bulbs. They produce more light while using less power.

• Myth 3: HID headlights are difficult to install

Fact: Most HID conversion kits are easy to install and have detailed instructions. However, professional installation is advised for best results.

• Myth 4: HID lights blind other drivers

Fact: When installed correctly and aligned properly, HID lights do not blind other drivers. Problems occur when low-quality kits or improper installations cause glare.

• Myth 5: HID lights are only for luxury cars

Fact: HID lights were once exclusive to high-end cars but now are widely available for most vehicles through aftermarket kits. If you want to upgrade your car’s headlights, check if it has projector headlights and not reflector type.

Conclusion

HID headlights have revolutionised automotive lighting with their superior brightness, efficiency, and durability. Compared to traditional halogen lights, they offer better visibility, improved safety, and a stylish look. HID lights are popular among car owners who want to enhance their night driving experience.

As you enjoy the benefits of HID headlights, it is equally important to protect your vehicle with comprehensive insurance that covers expenses incurred in case of accidents, theft, damage, and even third-party liabilities. Look for car insurance online and opt for a policy that financially aids you against any unexpected road hiccups.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Hatchbacks have remained a top choice among Indians due to their affordability, fuel efficiency, and practicality. In a country where narrow roads and traffic congestion are common, these vehicles offer the ideal solution for city driving. With a budget of ₹10 lakh, buyers have access to a wide range of hatchbacks that offer premium features, great mileage, and impressive safety ratings.

List of best hatchback cars under 10 lakh

Here's a list of the best hatchback cars under 10 lakhs.

1. Maruti Suzuki Swift

Maruti Suzuki Swift is India's best automatic hatchback, known for its sporty design, impressive performance, and fuel efficiency. Fourth-generation Swift features a sleek, modern design with a glossy black grille, boomerang DRLs, and C-shaped tail lamps.

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹6.49 lakh - 9.64 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 1197 cc
• Torque:8 - 111.7 Nm
• Power: 8 - 80.46 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage:8 / 25.75 kmpl
• Fuel: CNG / Petrol

2. Tata Tiago

The Tata Tiago stands out with its bold front grille, LED headlamps, and stylish dual-tone alloy wheels. With a spacious cabin with premium materials, it features a 7-inch infotainment system and a digital instrument cluster. The Tata Tiago is the best hatchback car under 10 lakhs that prioritises safety with dual front airbags, ABS with EBD, and an electronic stability program.

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹5 - 8.45 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 1199 cc
• Torque: 95 Nm - 113 Nm
• Power:41 - 84.82 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage: 19 - 20.09 kmpl
• Fuel: CNG / Petrol

3. Tata Altroz

The Tata Altroz is a feature-rich hatchback with style, comfort, and advanced safety features. It is considered one of the safest hatchbacks in the segment, boasting a 5-star Global NCAP Safety Rating.

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹6.65 lakh - ₹11.30 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 1199 cc - 1497 cc
• Torque: 95 Nm - 113 Nm
• Power:49 - 88.76 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage:64 kmpl
• Fuel: CNG / Petrol / Diesel

4. Hyundai i20

Hyundai i20, a stylish and feature-packed automatic hatchback car under 10 lakhs, combines style, performance, and advanced features. This hatchback truly stands out with its new grille, LED headlamps, and stylish alloy wheels. It offers a spacious cabin, a 26.03 cm HD infotainment system, and a premium 7-speaker Bose sound system.

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹7.04 lakh - 11.25 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 1197 cc
• Torque: 114.7 Nm
• Power: 82 - 87 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage: 16 - 20 kmpl
• Fuel: Petrol

5. Toyota Glanza

With its fuel-efficient engine and feature-rich cabin, the Toyota Glanza offers style and practicality with modern design. It is available in multiple colours and offers a spacious cabin, a 9-inch SmartPlaycast infotainment system, and a heads-up display (HUD).

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹6.90 lakh - 10 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 1197 cc
• Torque: 5 Nm - 113 Nm
• Power:43 - 88.5 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage:35 - 22.94 kmpl
• Fuel: Petrol / CNG

6. Renault KWID

The Renault KWID is a perfect entry-level hatchback that combines SUV-inspired styling, high ground clearance, and cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for city driving. The vehicle has 14+ safety features, tyre pressure monitoring system, and front and rear seat belt reminders.

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹4.70 lakh - 6.45 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 999 cc
• Torque: 91 Nm
• Power:06 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage: 46 - 22.3 kmpl
• Fuel: Petrol

7. Citroën C3

The Citroën C3 brings bold styling, an SUV-like stance, and a powerful engine, making it one of the most exciting hatchbacks in India. Its features include fog lamps, squared-off tail lamps, a rear bumper-mounted number plate recess, and a spacious cabin with a 10.25-inch infotainment system and practical storage spaces.

• Ex-showroom Price: ₹6.16 lakh - 10.15 lakh (approx.)
• Engine: 1198 cc - 1199 cc
• Torque: 115 Nm - 205 Nm
• Power:46 - 108.62 bhp
• Transmission: Manual / Automatic
• Mileage: 19.3 kmpl
• Fuel: Petrol

Conclusion

Whether it's fuel efficiency, safety, premium features, or sporty performance, your requirements and budget will determine your choice. However, while you look for the perfect hatchback, it is essential to ensure their protection. Look for car insurance online and invest in a policy that provides comprehensive coverage against accidents, theft, or damage to your vehicle. The right insurance protects you from financial stress and covers third-party liability, medical expenses, and even damages caused by vandalism and natural calamities.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Mumbai's bustling streets, monsoon flooding, and long highways require cars that can handle various driving conditions. In 2025, the car market has several choices suitable for Mumbai city driving.

This curated list of the best cars for Mumbai focuses on key factors like manoeuvrability in crowded spaces, fuel economy, practicality, and comfort. Read on for a quick overview of the price, mileage (depending on variant and fuel type), and key features.

List of best cars for Mumbai

You can confidently choose the best car for Mumbai roads from the list below.

1.     Maruti Suzuki Swift

The Swift is the best car on Mumbai's roads as its dimensions make it perfect for navigating crowded streets, while its surprisingly spacious interior offers comfort despite the small footprint. Its quick handling and small turning circle make it useful for navigating the city's narrow roads and securing parking spaces in Mumbai's bustling neighbourhoods.

• Engine: 1197 cc
• Mileage:8 - 25.75 kmpl
• Ex-showroom price: 6.49 - 9.64 Lakh (approx.)

2.     Hyundai Grand i10 Nios

The Grand i10 Nios offers a luxurious feel, making it the best budget car in Mumbai. Its comfortable ride and great noise insulation are helpful in Mumbai's stop-and-go traffic. The smart entertainment system ensures you stay connected during your commute, while its well-tuned suspension effectively absorbs the occasional road imperfections.

• Engine: 1197 cc
• Mileage: 16 - 18 kmpl
• Ex-showroom price: 5.98 - 8.62 Lakh (approx.)

3.     Tata Altroz

With its prestigious 5-star Global NCAP rating, the Altroz stands out as Mumbai's safety winner. Its strong build quality instils trust during Mumbai's intense rainy seasons, while its slightly raised sitting position offers a better vision in traffic. The large boot fits everything from shopping runs to travel bags, making it a flexible partner for different Mumbai lifestyles.

• Engine: 1497 cc (Diesel); 1199 cc (Petrol)
• Mileage: 19 - 26.2 kmpl
• Ex-showroom Price: 6.50 - 11.16 Lakh (approx.)

4.     Honda City

The Honda City offers the right mix of status and utility. It truly shines on Mumbai's major roads and motorways, where its polished ride quality and great NVH levels create a peaceful haven away from the urban chaos. Its ground clearance easily handles most urban obstacles. The CVT variant stands out as one of the best automatic cars in Mumbai, offering smooth and efficient driving in traffic.

• Engine: 1498 cc
• Mileage: 8 - 18.4 kmpl
• Ex-showroom Price: 11.82 - 16.55 Lakh (approx.)

5.     Maruti Suzuki Ciaz

The Maruti Suzuki Ciaz offers premium comfort with an amazing economy. Its standout feature is the vast rear legroom—a treat in space-constrained Mumbai. The Ciaz's balanced suspension soaks up Mumbai's road imperfections without compromise. The roomy trunk fits everything from work bags to weekend trip needs.

• Engine: 1462 cc
• Mileage: 04 - 20.65 kmpl
• Ex-showroom Price: 9.41 - 12.29 Lakh (approx.)

6.     Kia Seltos

With its striking form and tech-rich cabin, the Seltos brings urban elegance to the small SUV market. Its high driving position provides a commanding view of Mumbai's busy streets, while its quick handling defies its SUV proportions. The panoramic sunroof offers a refreshing view of the sky in a city dominated by high-rises.

• Engine: 1493 cc - 1497 cc
• Mileage: 17 kmpl (Petrol) / 20.7 kmpl (Diesel)
• Ex-showroom Price: 11.13 - 20.51 Lakh (approx.)

7.     Hyundai Creta

The Creta perfectly matches SUV status with a city-friendly size. Its automatic version is considered one of the best automatic cars in Mumbai. The Creta's smooth ride quality turns Mumbai's potholed roads into minor problems, while its feature-rich cabin creates a premium refuge from the urban chaos outside.

• Engine: 1482 cc - 1497 cc
• Mileage: 4 - 18.4 kmpl (Petrol) / 19 - 21.8 kmpl (Diesel)
• Ex-showroom Price: 11.11 - 20.42 Lakh (approx.)

8.     Tata Nexon EV

The Nexon EV offers Mumbai's eco-conscious car buyers a sustainable driving future. It has zero engine emissions, and its quick torque delivery provides a distinct edge when pulling into Mumbai's fast-moving traffic. The car's quiet operation creates a calm driving experience, even amidst the hustle and bustle of city life.

• Range: 275 - 489 km
• Battery Capacity: 30 - 46.08 kWh
• Ex-showroom Price: 12.49 - 17.19 Lakh (approx.)

9.     MG Comet

The MG Comet is Mumbai's ideal urban EV, with measurements best suited for congested areas. Its compact size makes it highly mobile in crowded places and offers parking possibilities. The low maintenance translates to significant long-term savings.

• Range: 230 km
• Battery Capacity:3 kWh
• Ex-showroom Price: 7 - 9.81 Lakh (approx.)

Conclusion

Mumbai's unique driving environment demands cars that can adapt to diverse situations—from slow traffic to fast-moving highways. Given the city's diverse terrain and weather conditions, certain preventive measures should be taken to protect your vehicle in case of unforeseen circumstances.

Comprehensive car insurance is a financial buffer from damage, accidents, and theft that protects your vehicle and covers third-party liabilities. A good policy ensures you're safeguarded against legal and medical expenses.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.