A Family health insurance plan is the best insurance policy for yourself and your entire family. It is a single insurance policy that includes all family members. This implies you, your wife, and your kids can join a similar insurance policy for a particular amount.

A Health Top-Up Plan is an additional insurance plan we can take in addition to our initial plan. It would act as an additional safety and can be more useful than just having a single insurance policy. It's a good way to ensure your family stays safe and is covered for unexpected medical expenses.

Can I Get Top-Up Insurance for My Family Floater Plan?

In general, you can get a top-up health insurance plan along with your family floater plan; however, some conditions might apply. These conditions are:

• Existing Policy: Your existing policy can sometimes decide whether you can get a family floater top-up or not. Many policies agree that you should get top-up insurance, while others may not.
• Age Limit: Insurance companies often have an age limit for getting top-up insurance. However, these limits can vary, so it's best to ask your insurance provider about their specific rules for top-up plans.
• Deductible: Different top-up plans can also have various conditions, and some could try to incorporate deductibles. You could pay a specific sum before your top-up coverage can kick in.
• Health Check-up: Your eligibility for the top-up health insurance policy will be determined based on your health check-ups and results, which might depend upon your age and any chronic diseases you have.

You might have heard—health is wealth. But what if your health is affected by an unforeseen illness or injury that requires expensive medical treatment? How will you cope with the financial burden of hospital bills, medicines, tests, and other expenses? That is where a comprehensive health insurance policy can come to your rescue.

What is Comprehensive Health Insurance?

A comprehensive medical insurance plan covers many medical emergencies and can be renewed for life. It differs vastly from a regular health insurance policy that only covers hospitalisation expenses. A comprehensive health insurance policy covers hospitalisation and other medical costs that may arise before, during, or after the hospital stay. It also offers additional benefits such as outpatient treatment, organ donor expenses, maternity benefits, and a few more.

Benefits of a Comprehensive Health Insurance Policy

Some of the benefits of buying a comprehensive health insurance policy are:

• It protects you and your family from the financial impact of medical emergencies by covering a wide range of medical expenses.
• It provides you access to advanced healthcare services at a plethora of hospitals without paying any cash.
• You can receive tax advantages under Section 80D of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for the sum you spend on medical insurance premiums for yourself, your spouse, your kids, and your parents.
• It allows you to choose the sum insured, policy term, and add-on covers per your needs and budget.
• It provides peace of mind and security by ensuring you are prepared for any unforeseen medical situation.

Why is Having a Comprehensive Health Insurance Plan Important?

Getting comprehensive health coverage is important for many reasons, some of which are:

• Healthcare costs are rising rapidly in India due to inflation, technological advancements, and lifestyle diseases. This medical plan can help you cope with these increasing costs without compromising your health or savings.
• Sudden medical emergencies can strike anyone at any time without any warning. A comprehensive medical plan can help you deal with these emergencies on time.

What Does a Comprehensive Medical Plan Cover?

A complete health insurance plan covers:

• In-patient hospitalisation: This covers the expenses incurred for more than 24 hours on account of illness, injury, or accident. It includes room rent, nursing charges, doctor's fees, medicines, tests, surgeries, etc.
• Pre-hospitalisation: It covers the expenses incurred up to 60 days before the hospital admission date. It includes consultations, tests, medicines, etc.
• Post-hospitalisation: It covers the expenses incurred up to 90 days from the hospital's discharge date. It includes follow-ups, tests, medicines, physiotherapy, etc.
• Daycare treatment: It covers the expenses incurred for certain procedures that do not require 24 hours of hospitalisation. It includes cataract surgery, dialysis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc.
• Organ donor expenses: It covers the costs incurred for organ harvesting from a donor for transplantation into the insured person.
• Domiciliary hospitalisation: It covers the expenses incurred for treatment at home under certain conditions when hospitalisation is not possible or advisable.
• Outpatient treatment: It covers the expenses incurred for consultations and treatments that do not require hospitalisation. It includes dental treatment, eye care, vaccinations, etc.
• AYUSH treatment: It covers the expenses incurred for alternative therapies such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy.
• Emergency ambulance: Some medical plans with a rider also cover the expenses incurred for transportation by ambulance to the nearest hospital in case of an emergency.

Eligibility Criteria for Buying Comprehensive Health Insurance

The eligibility criteria for buying a comprehensive health insurance policy may vary from one insurer to another. However, some of the common criteria are:

• Age: The minimum age for buying a comprehensive health insurance policy is usually 18 years, and the maximum age is usually 65 years. The minimum age for covering dependent children is usually 91 days.
• Health status: The insurer may ask you to undergo certain medical tests or declare your medical history before issuing a comprehensive health insurance policy. 

How is a Comprehensive Health Insurance Premium Calculated?

The cost of a comprehensive health insurance policy is calculated based on various factors such as:

• Sum insured: It is the maximum sum your insurance company will cover for your medical bills in one year. If you choose a higher sum insured, your premium (the money you pay for the insurance) will also be higher.

• Age: The insured person's age is an essential factor affecting the premium. The older the insured person, the higher the premium.

• Health status: The health status of the insured person is another factor that affects the premium. If you have pre-existing health conditions or specific illnesses, the insurance company might make you pay a higher premium or an additional charge called a loading.

• Policy term: It is the duration for which the policy is valid. The longer the policy term, the lower the premium.

• Add-on covers: The add-on covers are optional benefits to enhance your coverage. The more add-on covers you opt for, the higher the premium.

Things to Keep in Mind While Purchasing a Comprehensive Health Insurance Policy

Some of the things that you should keep in mind while buying a comprehensive health insurance policy include:

• Review different plans from different insurers based on their coverage, benefits, exclusions, limitations, premiums, claim settlement ratio, customer reviews, etc. 
• Before buying a plan, go through the policy document carefully and comprehend all the terms and conditions, exclusions and inclusions, waiting periods and sub-limits, co-payments and deductibles. You should also check the insurer's claim process and procedure and contact details.
• Review your needs and requirements periodically, and update your comprehensive health insurance policy accordingly. You should increase or decrease your sum insured, add or remove members, opt for or cancel add-on covers, etc., per your changing needs and life stage.
• Renew your comprehensive health insurance policy on time before it expires to avoid any lapse or discontinuation of your coverage.

Updated on - 24 Oct 2025

Health insurance for heart patients is crucial because it helps cover the high costs of treatment, medications and hospital stays. Heart-related problems often need regular checkups, surgeries or long-term care, which can be expensive.

The right insurance plan provides financial support for medical needs, alleviating the burden of bills. Having insurance also ensures access to quality and timely care.

This blog provides an overview of insurance policies for heart patients, highlighting their key features and importance.

What is heart health insurance?

Heart health insurance is a specialised type of health plan designed for individuals with heart conditions. It helps cover the high costs of treatments, hospital stays and medicines related to heart conditions. This policy ensures patients receive the right care without worrying about hefty medical bills.

Importance of health insurance for heart patients

Consider buying the best health insurance for cardiac patients having a family history of cardiac diseases. Some of the reasons to buy an insurance policy are:

• It helps with the rising costs of medical inflation and the quality of healthcare services.
• It gives financial security in case of a medical emergency.
• Enables the best possible treatment for heart conditions without compromising on anything.
• Reduces dependency while promoting proactive management of heart health.

Key features of heart health insurance plans

Some of the major features of having this insurance policy are:

• It covers hospitalisation costs, surgery, diagnostic tests, medicines, and post-hospitalisation care for heart ailments.
• It provides a lump sum in case of diagnosis or undergoing any specified cardiac procedure, such as angioplasty, bypass surgery, valve replacement, etc.
• It also offers tax perks under Section 80D of the Income Tax Act of 1961.
• Enables access to cashless treatment at network hospitals all across India.
• Avail multiple claims for the same or different conditions or procedures, subject to the exhaustion of the sum insured and the waiting period.

What is covered under cardiac health insurance plans?

Some of the common coverages offered under this insurance plan are:

• Myocardial infarction (heart attack): This condition occurs when a clot or ruptured plaque in the coronary artery interrupts blood flow to a specific part of the heart muscle. Such an interruption can severely damage the cardiac muscle, leading to complications like cardiac arrest, arrhythmias or heart failure.
• Congestive heart failure: It occurs when the heart cannot effectively circulate sufficient blood to fulfil the body’s requirements. This can result from various causes, such as CAD, heart attack, hypertension, valvular disease, etc.
• Arrhythmia: This is an ailment where the heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slowly. This can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively and cause complications such as fainting, stroke or sudden death.
• Valvular heart disease: This is a condition where one or more heart valves stop functioning properly. It can lead to the reversal of blood flow, leakage through the valve or the narrowing and stiffening of the valve.
• Hypertensive heart disease: This is a condition in which elevated blood pressure harms both the heart muscle and blood vessels, leading to thickening and enlargement of the heart, reduced blood flow or arrhythmia.
• Rheumatic heart disease: It is a condition where an infection by Streptococcus bacteria causes inflammation and damage to the heart valves. This can lead to scarring and deformity of the valves, which can affect their function and cause complications such as heart failure or stroke.l

Treatments covered in heart health insurance

Most of these insurance plans cover hospital expenses, surgeries such as bypass or angioplasty, doctor fees, medications, and diagnostic tests. Some plans may also include pre- and post-hospitalisation costs. This coverage ensures that patients can receive comprehensive treatment and recovery support.

What is not covered under cardiac health insurance plans?

The heart insurance has some of the common exclusions under mediclaim for heart patients, which are:

• Any heart-related issues caused by self-inflicted injuries or self-harm.
• Heart complications arising from childbirth, abortion, or miscarriage.
• Internal congenital disease from birth might not be covered.
• Injuries from risky activities may not be covered by insurance.
• There is no coverage for getting heart-related treatment outside India.

Who should buy heart health insurance plans?

Anyone with a history of heart disease or at high risk due to family history, age, or lifestyle should buy this plan. Even healthy individuals can choose it to stay prepared for potential heart-related issues in the future.

How to buy cardiac health insurance plans online?

Buy a good heart insurance plan online by visiting an insurer’s website or using a trusted platform. Fill in the details, compare different plans, check coverage and premium costs and then make the payment to get the policy instantly. Additionally, to learn more about the policy, you can fill out the form on this page and receive expert help tailored to your needs.

Conclusion

For heart patients, health insurance is not just an option but a necessity. It reduces financial stress by covering the costs of treatments, tests, and hospital expenses. A good policy ensures that patients can focus on recovery instead of worrying about finances. Get better care, timely treatment, and long-term support by choosing the right plan.

In the end, a health insurance policy for the family provides safety and peace of mind, making it an essential step for managing heart-related health risks effectively.

FAQs

• Do heart patients have health insurance?

Yes, many insurers offer coverage for heart patients, allowing even those with existing conditions to receive coverage; however, premiums may be higher.

• How to choose the right heart insurance?

Compare prices and premium value online for individuals with heart issues, and also review the terms and waiting period before purchasing the policy.

• What is the benefit of an insurance policy?

It helps you manage the cost of treatment, such as surgery. You get financial protection during emergencies.

Disclaimer:

The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Today, when the world is filled with medical issues, keeping good health has become a priority for everyone. Life is unpredictable, and we may face health challenges that require medical attention at any time. These challenges could include ailments or conditions we were already dealing with before obtaining health insurance. This is where the role of mediclaim for pre existing diseases comes in.

Today, we will explore the critical topic of health insurance coverage for pre existing disease.

What Is Health Insurance for Pre Existing Conditions?

By definition, pre existing disease health insurance covers the medical expenses of people with health problems that existed before they applied for the policy. Pre existing conditions are illnesses or diseases the insured person was diagnosed with or treated for for up to 48 months before buying the policy. Some examples of pre existing conditions are diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, thyroid, asthma, etc.

Thus, health insurance that covers pre existing conditions is crucial, as it enables individuals with chronic or enduring health challenges to obtain high-quality medical care while alleviating the financial burden of expensive treatments.

Updated on 31 Oct 2025

"Health is wealth" is something we hear a lot. For many years, however, many believed it just referred to being physically fit. The reality is that our mental well-being is just as important. Life nowadays is full of stress, pressure and emotional ups and downs. Mental health problems can happen to anyone, whether they are experiencing stress at the workplace or facing issues in their personal life.

Depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and other mental health issues are becoming more common than we imagine. These conditions usually require therapy, medication or even hospitalisation to treat them. This may cost a lot. This is where a health insurance plan that includes coverage of mental illness comes into play. It helps the policyholder get access to the right care at the right time without worrying about the finances.

Mental health & the need for insurance coverage

Mental health insurance has improved over the recent past. Things started to improve after the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, became a law in India. It encouraged insurance providers to give equal treatment coverage to mental and physical ailments. This was a turning point because it recognised that mental health problems are medical conditions that need to be treated rather than personal defects.

Nowadays, a large number of insurance companies have come up with policies or incorporated benefits that include psychiatric treatment, therapy and hospitalisations for mental conditions. This is significant not just for those already diagnosed but for those who might require it in the future.

What mental illnesses are covered by health insurance?

Most policies today cover the following mental health conditions:

• Depression and anxiety disorders, including general anxiety, panic attacks and phobias.
• Bipolar disorder where a person is characterised by extreme mood changes.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) that involves repeated unwanted thoughts or actions.
• Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders that affect thinking and perception.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), often caused by distressing life events.

The list may be slightly different with every insurer, so it's always a good idea to go through your policy document well. A few companies even provide coverage for counselling sessions and rehabilitation courses, based on the plan you opt for.

Inclusions and exclusions in mental health coverage

Each health insurance plan has inclusions (what is covered) and exclusions (what is not covered). Understanding these will prevent you from being surprised later.

Common inclusions in mental illness cover include:

• Hospitalisation costs due to a mental illness.
• Doctor consultations during hospital stay.
• Cost of prescribed medicines.
• Diagnostic tests required for treatment.

Common exclusions may include:

• Treatment without hospitalisation (in some basic plans).
• Self-harm or injuries caused intentionally.
• Treatments that a licensed medical practitioner does not advise.
• Any condition related to drug or alcohol misuse.

Consider purchasing critical illness insurance coverage as an add-on for more intensive treatments.

How to claim mental health insurance?

The steps for raising a claim for mental health insurance are:

• Inform your insurer: Call them as soon as you go to the hospital or start planned treatment.
• Send in the necessary paperwork: This could include your medical records, prescription information and the hospital's treatment plan.
• Cashless or reimbursement claim: If a hospital is in the insurer's network, it may offer cashless treatment. If not, you can pay up front and then ask for the reimbursement.

Always check to see if the healthcare centre you are going to is reputable. This makes the claims procedure easier and less likely to be turned down.

Conclusion

Sometimes, mental health problems are even harder to deal with than physical illnesses. With the correct insurance, you won't have to worry about money getting in the way of your treatment and recovery. Your coverage can help you out whether you're coping with a short-term problem or a long-term illness.

While you take care of your mind and body, we'll take care of your finances when you're sick. Fill out the form on this page to get personalised health insurance advice and solutions. A good health insurance plan can help you and your family tackle life's challenges without having to worry about medical expenditures.

FAQs

• Do all health insurance plans cover mental illness?

According to the Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 and the rules issued by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) in 2018, all health insurers must offer coverage for mental illness.

• Can I get mental health care without having to pay for it?

Yes, you can get treatment without paying upfront as long as the hospital is in your insurance company's network and the treatment matches coverage restrictions.

• Will insurance pay for therapy sessions?

Some plans pay for therapy sessions, but a lot of them only pay for therapy if you are in the hospital. Always read the policy terms of your insurance.

• Is there a waiting period for mental illness coverage?

Yes, most policies require you to wait 1 to 2 years before they will cover mental illness.

• Is it possible for seniors to acquire mental illness coverage?

Yes, some health insurance policies for seniors cover mental illness, although the premiums may be higher.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Kerala, a picturesque state in southern India, is often referred to as "God's Own Country" due to its natural beauty. It is also known for its lush green landscapes, serene backwaters, and vibrant culture. The state boasts a high literacy rate and is also renowned for its progressive policies and social indicators.

One of Kerala's remarkable achievements is its impeccable healthcare system. The state strongly emphasises public health, and its government-run hospitals and clinics provide affordable and accessible healthcare services to all its citizens. This commitment to healthcare has significantly improved the population's overall health over the past decade.

But still, premium medical services are only affordable for some. If you’re also searching for the best health insurance in Kerala, this article is for you.

Benefits of Buying Health Policy In Kerala

Some of the noted perks of getting health insurance in Kerala are as follows:

• Comprehensive Coverage: Purchasing a health policy in Kerala provides you with extensive healthcare coverage, including a whole lot of medical expenses such as hospital stays, doctor consultations, surgeries, and diagnostic tests.

• Cashless Hospitalisation: Many health insurance providers, like ICICI Lombard, allow you to get treatment for free. You can get medical treatment at network hospitals without having to pay upfront. Cashless health insurance in Kerala makes it convenient and stress-free during emergencies.

• Coverage for Pre-existing Conditions: This policy covers existing health issues after a certain waiting period.

Why Choose ICICI Lombard Health Insurance In Kerala?

Opting for medical insurance in Kerala should be one of your priorities if you’re a citizen of the region. Here are some reasons why you need it:

• Wellness and Preventive Benefits: The  offer wellness and preventive benefits, including health check-ups and discounts on diagnostic tests, promoting a proactive approach to your health.

• Quick Claim Settlement: ICICI Lombard offers a highly efficient and swift claim settlement process. They also ensure you get it promptly when you need financial support for medical expenses.

• Customised Plans: ICICI Lombard offers a diverse range of health insurance plans, enabling you to personalize your coverage to align with your specific healthcare requirements and financial constraints.

• Telemedicine Services: In an age of convenience, ICICI Lombard proudly provides telemedicine services, allowing you to consult with doctors from the comfort of your home.

Health insurance is essential for safeguarding your well-being and ensuring timely medical care when needed. While most people recognise the importance of health insurance for medical treatments, dental health is often overlooked. However, dental problems can be just as debilitating and costly as medical issues. This is where health insurance with dental coverage comes to the rescue, offering an extensive solution for your overall health.

In this blog, we will delve into the world of health insurance with dental plans, exploring its significance, benefits, and how to choose the right plan for your needs.

What is dental health insurance?

Dental health insurance is a policy designed to cover the costs of dental treatments and procedures. This kind of health insurance can help you maintain your oral hygiene while preventing dental problems such as gum disease, tooth decay, or tooth loss. 

Depending on the insurer, dental insurance plans are available as a base plan, an add-on benefit, or a standalone plan. While buying this cover, make sure to check if it covers in-patient dental treatments, outpatient dental consultations, dental surgeries, root canal treatments, tooth extractions, tooth fillings and more.

Benefits of having health insurance that covers dental treatments
Do you keep searching for “best dental insurance benefits” on the internet? If so, here are the top benefits of dental insurance:

• Cost savings: Dental treatments can be expensive, especially procedures like root canals, braces, or implants. With dental coverage, you significantly reduce the financial burden, as the insurance helps cover these costs.
• Regular check-ups: Dental insurance coverage encourages regular dental check-ups and preventive care. This proactive approach helps in the early detection of oral issues, preventing them from becoming significant problems.
• Access to quality care: With quality dental insurance, you can access a network of experienced dentists and specialised dental clinics, ensuring you receive high-quality dental care.
• Emergency coverage: Dental accidents and emergencies can happen unexpectedly. Dental insurance ensures you are financially prepared to handle these situations, whether it is a chipped tooth or an unexpected infection.

Dental treatments

Here are some of the basic dental treatments that may be covered under a health insurance plan with dental coverage:

• Dental consultation fees: Covers the cost of visiting a qualified dentist for an oral health check-up.
• Tooth extraction: Removal of decayed or damaged teeth is often included under dental coverage.
• Filling of cavities: Covers expenses for treating tooth decay using dental fillings.
• Root canal treatment: Some plans may include coverage for root canals, though this depends on the insurer.
• Scaling and polishing: Professional cleaning of teeth to remove plaque and tartar may be covered under OPD.
• X-rays and diagnostic tests: OPD cover may reimburse charges for dental X-rays used to diagnose tooth issues.
• Gum treatments: Basic treatments for gum infections, such as gingivitis, may be included under some plans.

How do you claim for dental health insurance?

Claiming for individual health insurance with dental cover can vary depending on the type of plan and the insurer you have chosen. Here are the steps involved:

• Review your health insurance policy document and the network of dental providers for cashless treatment.
• Inform your insurer about your dental treatment at least 48 hours before the scheduled date.
• Visit the network hospital or clinic and show the staff your health card or policy document. They will verify your identity and eligibility for cashless treatment. You must also fill out a pre-authorisation form and submit it to the hospital or the insurer.
• After getting approval from the insurer, you can undergo the dental treatment without paying upfront. The insurer will directly transfer the bill amount to the hospital's account. However, you may have to pay for expenses not covered by your policy, such as co-payments or deductibles.
• You can claim reimbursement later if you have visited a non-network dentist or paid the bills. You must submit the original invoices, receipts, prescriptions, discharge summary, and other relevant documents directly to the insurer. You can do this online or offline within a specified time limit.

Dental coverage under OPD add-ons

Many insurers offer dental treatment under outpatient department (OPD) benefits. Here's what is typically covered:

• Basic dental treatments like cavity fillings, tooth cleaning and plaque removal
• Consultation costs of a dentist
• X-rays and diagnostics related to oral health

Waiting period for dental coverage

Dental treatments under OPD or special dental plans often come with a waiting period, usually ranging from 1 to 3 years, depending on the insurer. Ensure you read your policy terms carefully or ask the insurer before purchasing. You can only claim for dental care after the waiting period ends.

Remember:

• Some policies may offer coverage for dental emergencies right away or a reduced waiting period of 3-6 months for essential treatments.
• Routine dental care usually becomes claimable only after the waiting period is over.

Conclusion

A health insurance policy with dental cover can save you money on treatments like cleanings, fillings, and check-ups. It's a smart way to manage oral health expenses.

Since not all policies offer dental benefits by default, it’s essential to compare your options and select the one that best suits your needs. We can guide you toward the right policy. Simply fill out the form on this page to receive free, expert advice tailored to your specific needs. It's quick, easy and can help you save money and time.

FAQs

• 1. Are all dental procedures covered under health insurance?

Only basic dental treatments like cleanings, fillings and extractions may be covered under OPD cover. Cosmetic procedures are usually excluded.

• 2. Can I claim dental expenses without being hospitalised?

Dental treatments under OPD cover do not require hospitalisation. You can claim for consultations and minor procedures.

Health insurance is vital to our financial safety net, providing peace of mind and protection against unexpected medical expenses. Traditional health insurance primarily focuses on covering hospitalisation and in-patient treatments, leaving outpatient expenses like doctor's visits, diagnostic tests, and medications out of its scope. However, the rising costs of medical consultations and diagnostic procedures have made these expenses a substantial burden on individuals and families. This is where health insurance with OPD coverage steps in. Let’s begin with understanding the OPD coverage meaning.

OPD coverage, also known as Outpatient Department coverage, is a type of health insurance that covers the costs of medical treatments and services received on an outpatient basis.

What are some OPD benefits?

A medical insurance with OPD coverage can bring you many advantages, such as:

• Convenience: Visiting an OPD is like seeing a doctor without having to stay in the hospital. You can receive medical help and return home the same day.
• Cost-effective: OPD visits are usually cheaper than staying in a hospital. You don't have to pay for a hospital room and other expenses.
• Shorter wait times:OPDs often have shorter waiting times than emergency rooms. You can get treated faster for non-urgent health issues.
• Specialised care:OPDs have various specialists for different health problems. You can see a doctor who specialises in your specific issue.
• Flexibility: You can choose the time for your OPD appointment, making it easier to fit into your daily routine.
• Preventive care:Many OPDs offer preventive health check-ups. These can help you catch health problems early.

What is OPD treatment?

In simple terms, OPD treatment refers to medical care provided to patients who do not require extended hospitalisation. It is a type of healthcare where you visit a hospital, clinic or healthcare facility for diagnosis, treatment or consultation with a doctor, and then you return home on the same day. OPD treatment is common for many medical conditions, from routine check-ups and consultations with specialists to minor illnesses and injuries.

Common examples of OPD treatments include consultations for common colds, flu, and skin conditions, dental check-ups, vaccinations, and management of chronic diseases like diabetes or asthma.

Key benefits of OPD cover in health insurance

Here are the main benefits of having OPD cover in your health insurance:

• Covers doctor consultation fees: You can claim the cost of visiting a doctor without needing hospital admission.
• Includes diagnostic tests: Expenses for blood tests, X-rays, scans, and other diagnostic tests are covered.
• Covers pharmacy bills: You can get reimbursed for medicines prescribed during OPD consultations.
• Handles minor procedures: Small medical procedures, such as stitches or dressings, performed at clinics are included.
• Useful for frequent treatments: Ideal if you need regular visits to doctors or specialists for ongoing conditions.

What is covered in ICICI Lombard health insurance with OPD cover?

Some common inclusions in ICICI Lombard health insurance with OPD cover are:

• Outpatient expenses:OPD in health insurance covers costs for doctor consultations, diagnostic tests, and medications you need without officially being admitted to the hospital.
• Medicine and prescription costs:This includes the cost of medicines prescribed by the doctor during your OPD visit.
• Preventive health check-ups: ICICI Lombard Health Insurance includes coverage for preventive health check-ups, helping you monitor your health regularly.
• Wellbeing programme:You can access a digital platform that rewards and promotes your physical and mental wellbeing with the help of a personalised health coach service on the IL Take Care app.
• Physiotherapy sessions:You can get coverage for assessment, diagnosis and treatment of your bone and joint conditions from the network of physiotherapists.

What is not covered in ICICI Lombard health insurance with OPD cover?

ICICI Lombard OPD cover may not apply to the following:

• Any treatments or surgeries done solely for cosmetic purposes are not covered.
• It is usually not covered if a treatment is experimental or not widely accepted in the medical community.
• Injuries resulting from extreme sports or risky activities may not be covered.
• Medical expenses resulting from illegal activities are typically not covered.
• Injuries or illnesses intentionally caused by the policyholder may not be covered.
• Generally, expenses related to normal pregnancy and childbirth may not be covered under OPD coverage. You have to buy separate maternity insurance add-ons.

How do you file a claim for ICICI Lombard health insurance with OPD cover?

To file a claim for ICICI Lombard Health Insurance with OPD cover, you need to follow the steps given below:

• Visit any network or non-network hospital or clinic and avail of the OPD service.
• Pay the bills and collect the original receipts and reports from the hospital or clinic.
• Download the claim form from ICICI Lombard’s official website or mobile app and fill it out with the required details.
• Submit the claim form along with the original bills, receipts, reports, prescriptions, and other documents within the stipulated time frame for availing of the service.
• The claim will be processed and settled as soon as the claim department verifies your details.

Eligibility and limitations of OPD cover

Here are some limitations of OPD cover:

• Available with specific health insurance plans: Not all policies include OPD cover. You must choose a plan that offers this benefit, often as an add-on.
• Covers doctor consultations and minor treatments: You can use it for routine doctor visits, diagnostic tests, and medicines.
• Has a yearly claim limit: OPD cover usually comes with a fixed annual limit. Once you use it up, you cannot claim more for that.
• Requires proper bills and prescriptions: To make a claim, you must submit valid bills and a doctor's prescription. Without documents, your claim may be rejected.
• Often not available for cashless treatment: Many insurers don’t offer cashless OPD claims. You may need to pay first and get reimbursed later.

Who should you buy health insurance with OPD coverage?

Health insurance with OPD cover is suitable for anyone who wants comprehensive coverage for their healthcare needs. It is especially beneficial for:

• Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions who require regular medical consultations.
• Patients with diabetes, asthma, thyroid, or other chronic diseases that need regular medication and monitoring.
• Patients who are immuno compromised or have a higher risk of infections and diseases.
• People who wish to avail preventive healthcare and wellness services.

Difference between OPD and daycare procedure

Here is a table to help you understand the key differences between the two:

Conclusion

Health insurance with OPD cover offers great value by helping you manage everyday medical expenses, such as doctor visits, diagnostic tests, and prescribed medications, without the need for hospital admission. It ensures you get more out of your policy and reduces out-of-pocket spending on routine healthcare.

If you're planning to buy a health insurance policy for family or upgrade your current one, consider one that includes OPD benefits. It provides wider coverage and helps you stay financially prepared for both major and minor medical needs.

If you need any help with choosing the right insurance plan, fill out the form on this page to get expert advice tailored to your needs. We will help you with the options and pick the best plan for your health and budget.

FAQs about Health Insurance with OPD Cover

Q.1. Can I avail of tax deductions on health insurance plans with OPD coverage?

You can avail of tax deductions on health insurance plans with OPD cover under Section 80D of the Income Tax Act. You can claim up to Rs. 25,000 as a deduction for yourself, your spouse, and dependent children, and up to Rs. 50,000 for senior citizen parents.

Q.2. Can I buy an insurance plan that covers only OPD treatment?

You need to check with your preferred insurer to see if it is a part of the regular plan or if you need to purchase it as a separate rider.

 Q.3. How do I buy health insurance with OPD coverage?

You can purchase this cover by visiting the ICICI Lombard website and navigating to the health insurance section. There, you will need to provide some of your basic and health-related information and pay the premium.

Q.4. Is OPD cover included in all health insurance policies?

OPD cover is not available in all plans. You need to check if your policy includes it or choose one that offers OPD benefits.

Q.5. What documents are required to claim OPD expenses?

You usually need to submit the doctor’s prescription, medical bills, test reports and payment receipts for an OPD claim.

Hearing 'bone cancer' can be quite a jolt. But here's the thing – understanding bone cancer treatment options can take some fear out of the equation. We are not just talking about a list of medical procedures, but about hope, progress, and the incredible strides medicine has made.

So, let's roll up our sleeves and get into the nitty-gritty of how bone cancer is tackled. No medical jargon – just a straightforward look at what's out there to fight this battle. Also, remember to have your health insurance sorted to avoid worrying. 

Treatment of Bone Cancer

Dealing with bone cancer is a bit like solving a puzzle– we need the right pieces to fit together for the best outcome. Here is a rundown of the treatments doctors often turn to depending on what kind of bone cancer one is facing and how far it has progressed. You need to always remember that it is all about what works best for you and your health.

• Surgery: Think of this as the main act. The goal of a surgeon is to take out the whole tumour, and they usually do this by removing it in one piece along with a small margin of healthy tissue. They might use a bit from another part of your body if they need to replace some bone. They may also use something from a bone bank or a mix of metal and hard plastic.

• Chemotherapy: This involves using strong drugs to blast cancer cells. It is delivered through your veins, and it is pretty effective for some bone cancers like osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. But it is not a one-trick pony; some bone cancers like chondrosarcoma don’t respond as well to it.

• Radiation therapy: Imagine a high-powered energy beam, like an X-ray, targeting cancer cells. You will be lying on a table while a machine zaps the cancer spots. It is super helpful before surgery to shrink the tumour down and make it easier to remove. Sometimes, it can even help dodge the need for amputation. After surgery, it can mop up any cancer cells left behind. It can also help ease symptoms like pain if the cancer has advanced.

A peek into the world of bone cancer treatment is all about finding the best approach for you, whether it is one of these treatments or a combination. Your doctors are like the conductors of an orchestra. Trust them, they will make sure every part plays just right for your treatment symphony. 

When diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, patients and their loved ones often face a multitude of questions, especially concerning the available treatment paths. It's crucial for them to understand the details of these treatment options, as this can help in the overall management and coping strategies for this challenging health condition.

In this guide, let's examine the various pancreatic cancer treatment options available now and understand how each one plays a role in combating this challenging disease. We also suggest you purchase health insurance to avoid the burden of dealing with many things.

Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

The choice of treatment depends on the cancer stage, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences.

1. Surgical Options:

• Whipple Procedure: This complex surgery involves removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, gallbladder, and bile duct. It is often used when the cancer is confined to the pancreas's head and offers a chance for a cure.

• Distal Pancreatectomy: This procedure focuses on removing the tail of the pancreas and the spleen. It is typically performed when the cancer is located in the tail or body of the pancreas.

• Total Pancreatectomy: In extensive cases, the entire pancreas, part of the stomach, small intestine, spleen, gallbladder, and nearby lymph nodes are removed. 

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy often steps in as the first line of attack against pancreatic cancer when surgery isn't an option right off the bat. Doctors pair chemotherapy with radiation therapy as they can work well together. This combo treatment shrinks the cancer down to a size that might make surgery a viable option later on. You will find this kind of approach mainly at specialised medical centres where they've got experience dealing with pancreatic cancer. 

3. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is a powerful tool against pancreatic cancer which employs high-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells. The energy for this treatment typically comes from sources like X-rays or protons. It can be utilised at different stages of cancer treatment, and it is often administered after chemotherapy. It works in conjunction with it to enhance the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy might be employed as the first line of treatment in cases where surgery is initially not a viable option.

4. Immunotherapy

These therapies offer a novel approach by boosting the immune system's ability to fight cancer, which is especially beneficial in certain types of pancreatic cancer.

5. Palliative Care

Palliative care focuses on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life. This holistic approach includes pain management, nutritional support and addressing psychological and social needs.

6. Clinical Trials

Clinical trials offer a gateway to new and experimental treatments. Participating in one can provide access to cutting-edge therapies not yet widely available, offering hope in challenging cases.

Brain cancer is a serious and life-threatening health issue that affects millions of people around the world. Fortunately, there are a few different options for brain cancer treatment. Whether it is surgery, chemotherapy, innovative therapy or some combination, each type of treatment has its place in the fight against brain cancer. Whether you or someone close to you has been impacted by a diagnosis of brain cancer, understanding the essential facts about brain cancer treatment can help provide clarity and comfort during this challenging time.

Treatment of Brain Cancer

The approaches to brain cancer treatment vary depending on whether the tumour is cancerous or benign and its type, size, grade, and location. Let’s simplify it:

The main treatment options for a brain tumour include:

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted drug therapy
• Tumour treating fields
• Clinical trials
• Follow-up care and rehabilitation

1. Surgery

This is aimed at removing as much of the tumour as possible. The different types of techniques include:

• Craniotomy: This technique involves removing part of the skull to access the tumour.
• Endoscopic Surgery: This uses a long and thin tube through the nose or a small hole in the skull.

Risks of surgery: Include infection, bleeding, and potential damage to brain tissue or nerves.

2. Radiation Therapy

Powerful energy beams like X-rays or protons are used to kill tumour cells. The different types include:

• External Beam Radiation: It is targeted to the tumour area with treatments usually spread over several weeks.
• Whole-Brain Radiation: This method is used for multiple tumours spread throughout the brain.
• Proton Therapy: It is more targeted and reduces damage to healthy tissues.

Side effects: Fatigue, headaches, memory loss, scalp irritation, and hair loss.

3. Radiosurgery

It is a type of radiation that targets the tumour from different angles. Its types are:

• Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: This utilises gamma rays.
• Proton Radiosurgery: This is a more targeted form of radiosurgery. It sends radiation specific to the exact size, shape and depth of the brain tumour.

Side Effects: Tiredness, skin changes on the scalp and permanent hair loss.

4. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill tumour cells through injection or by placing them directly in the brain during surgery. Its side effects include nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.

5. Targeted Therapy

This mode of therapy attacks specific chemicals in tumour cells. Suitable for certain brain cancers and benign tumours with effectiveness determined by testing tumour cells.

Always remember that each case is unique, so your doctor will tailor the treatment specific to you.

6. Tumour Treating Cells

This process uses electric pulses to decrease the rate of growth and spread of tumour cells. It is a wearable treatment option, and it looks like a swimming cap.

7. Clinical Trials

The effective treatment of brain tumours depends on successive clinical trials. In this option, new treatment methods, techniques and procedures are tested and are compared against the existing methodologies.

8. Follow-up Care and Rehabilitation

Post the treatment of brain tumours, follow-up care is very important. Your hospital will arrange for rehabilitation services post-surgery. You will have to undergo regular tests to check the overall health of brain cells. In-patient stays, rehabilitation therapies and outpatient therapies are highly recommended for post-brain tumour treatment for a quick recovery.

Our understanding of female reproductive health and how to treat diseases that affect those organs has come a long way. Yet, for many women, endometrial cancer remains a scary diagnosis, and its treatment is unclear. As one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system, endometrial cancer arises from the lining of the uterus or endometrium. With advancements in medical research, oncologists now have several treatment options for endometrial cancer that can often cure it depending on how early it was detected and how far it has spread. In this article, we’ll explore those options for endometrial cancer treatment.

Treatment of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer treatment involves:

• Surgery

Treatment for endometrial cancer usually involves a surgical procedure to remove the uterus, called a hysterectomy. The fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed when the cancer cell spreads, through a process called a salpingo-oophorectomy. 

• Radiation Therapy

In this therapy, radiations using high-energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons are targeted toward cancer cells causing them to die. Radiation therapy can be given to patients from a large machine placed outside the body (external beam radiation), or from little radioactive seeds and wires that can be placed inside your body where there is growth of cancer cells (brachytherapy). In the case of early-stage endometrial cancer that hasn’t spread to lymph nodes, radiation therapies are effective in treating the patient. However, in the case of advanced stages of cancer, radiation therapies are combined with chemotherapy or surgery to treat the patient.

• Chemotherapy

This therapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from multiplying, and is one of the most common options of endometrial cancer treatment. Some people receive one chemotherapy medicine, while in advanced stages, two or more medicines are combined in advanced endometrial cancer stages that have spread beyond the uterus or to treat cancer comeback cases. These drugs are given intravenously, which enter the bloodstream and travel through the body to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is generally done after surgery to lower the risk of reoccurrence. 

• Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy utilises drugs and other substances to target cancer cells by targeted therapy which is done using anti-angiogenic agents that block blood vessels and shrink them to enter the tumour. Such techniques are used after surgical procedures. The drug Everolimus is mostly used to perform targeted therapy, which stops the action of protein found in cancer cells to treat endometrial cancer in certain situations. 

• Immunotherapy

This therapy enables the immune system to fight bladder cancer by restoring the body's natural defense mechanism and using immunotherapies like interferon alpha or interleukin-2 and standard immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab. These drugs are placed directly into the bladder through a catheter to perform intravesical therapy. This therapy is done to treat the advanced stage of endometrial cancer when standard treatments are not responding.

Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that begins in the lining of the bladder, which is a small hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine. There are many moethods to treat bladder cancer, including surgery, chemotherapies and radiation therapy. People living with bladder cancer, or those who have been treated for it, should be vigilant about following up with their healthcare providers to avoid reoccurrence cases. In this article, we’ll explore the main forms of bladder cancer treatment.

Treatment of Bladder Cancer

The latest developments and innovations in the field of science have led scientists to treat cancer if detected at an early stage based on the symptoms, clinical examination, overall health, and personal preference for treatment. Bladder cancer treatment involves therapies like:

1. Surgery

Surgery is the main form of bladder cancer treatment. This procedure depends on the location of the cancer cells. Sometimes, a patient is given chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, which reduces the amount of tissue that will be removed during surgery This is called preoperative therapy. In some cases, treatment is given after surgery to lower the risk of cancer reoccurrence, the therapy is known as adjuvant therapy. 

The surgeries to treat bladder cancer are:

• Transurethral resection (TUR) with fulguration

This procedure is used for the diagnosis and staging of cancer where a doctor will insert a cystoscope (a thin tube with a wire loop on the end) into the bladder to remove the cancer cells or to burn the tumour away with high-energy electricity. 

• Partial cystectomy

Partial cystectomy is done in patients who have low-grade cancer, where a part of the bladder is removed to treat the patient. After this procedure, the patients can urinate normally after recovering from this surgery. 

• Radical cystectomy 

Radical cystectomy is done when the cancer cells have invaded the lymph nodes and nearby cells including a large part of the bladder. When the bladder is completely removed, the surgeon performs one more procedure named urinary diversion to create another way for the person to store and pass urine. 

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy in the bladder or intravesical chemotherapy is performed to treat cancers that are not only confined to the lining of the bladder but may also have a high risk of recurrence in higher stages. Chemotherapy for the whole body, or systemic chemotherapy, is performed when primary treatment isn’t an option.

3. Targeted Drug Therapy

Targeted therapy utilizes drugs and other substances to target cancer cells by targeted therapy which is done using anti-angiogenic agents that block blood vessels and shrink them to enter the tumour. Such techniques are used after surgical procedures. The drug erdafitinib is mostly used to perform targeted therapy which stops the action of protein found in cancer cells that helps them grow.

4. Immunotherapy

This therapy enables our immune system to fight bladder cancer by restoring our body's natural defense mechanism and using immunotherapies like interferon alpha or interleukin-2. and standard immunotherapy drugs like BCG. These drugs are placed directly into the bladder through a catheter. This therapy is done to treat the advanced stage of bladder cancer where standard treatments are not responding.

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the myometrium, the muscle wall of your uterus. The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped pelvic organ that is part of the reproductive system of the females. When cancer cells develop in the uterus, they affect the reproductive system. Uterine cancer is often found at an early stage because it develops a symptom that causes irregular bleeding from the vagina, pain during intercourse, painful urination, and pelvic pain. This type of cancer occurring in the uterus is highly treatable if detected in the early stage and can often cure the patient by surgically removing their uterus. In this article, we'll explore the different forms of uterine cancer treatment.   

Treatment of Uterine Cancer

The latest developments and innovations in the field of science have led scientists to treat cancer if detected at an early stage based on the symptoms, clinical examination, overall health, and personal preference for treatment. Uterine cancer treatment involves:

• Surgery

Treatment for uterine cancer usually involves a surgical procedure called a hysterectomy to remove the woman's uterus. The fallopian tubes and ovaries may also be taken out if the cancer cell spreads, through a procedure called a salpingo-oophorectomy. 

• Radiation Therapy

In this therapy, radiations using high-energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons are targeted towards cancer cells, causing them to die. Radiation therapy can be given to patients from a large machine placed outside the body (external beam radiation), or from tiny radioactive seeds and wires that can be placed within your body where there is growth of cancer cells (brachytherapy). 

• Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells or stop them from growing. Some people receive one chemotherapy medicine, while in advanced stages, two or more medicines are combined in advanced uterine cancer stages that have spread beyond the uterus or to treat cancer comeback cases. These drugs are given intravenously enter the bloodstream and travel through the body to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is generally done after surgery to lower the risk of reoccurrence. 

• Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy is usually administered if the cancer has spread beyond the uterus in fallopian tubes and ovaries or if the cancer has recurred even after treatment. This therapy is used when surgery is not an option. The hormone used to treat uterine cancer is the progesterone hormone secreted in females, which is given in tablet form or by injection that helps to shrink some cancers.

• Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy utilises drugs and other substances to target cancer cells by targeted therapy. This is done using anti-angiogenic agents that block blood vessels and shrink them to enter the tumour. Such techniques are used after surgical procedures. The drug Afinitor is mostly used to perform targeted therapy, which stops the action of proteins found in cancer cells to treat endometrial cancer in certain situations.

Throat cancer is the general term for cancer that affects one or more parts of the throat, beginning with the throat connected to the pharynx, larynx (voice box), oropharynx (the middle part of the throat), food pipe (oesophagus) and the windpipe (trachea).  Cancer diseases tend to grow rapidly, so taking treatment early can give you the best chance to beat this disease and keep a good quality of life. In this article, we’ll look over the main forms of throat cancer treatment.

Treatment of Throat Cancer

The latest developments and innovations in the field of science have led scientists to treat throat cancer at early stages based on the symptoms, clinical examination, overall health, and personal preference for treatment. Throat cancer treatment involves therapies like:

1. Radiation Therapy

In this therapy, radiations using high-energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons are targeted against cancer cells, causing them to die. Radiation therapy can be given to patients from a large machine placed outside the body (external beam radiation). It may also be from little radioactive seeds and wires that can be placed inside the body where cancer cells grow (brachytherapy). In the case of early-stage throat cancer that hasn’t spread to lymph nodes, radiation therapies are effective in treating the patient. 

2. Surgery

Surgery is done based on the location and stage of your throat cancer. Options may include:

• Surgery for small throat cancers:

This type of surgery is done when the throat cancer hasn't spread to the lymph nodes and is confined to the surface of the throat or the vocal cords. Such cases are treated with surgery using endoscopy. 

• Surgery to remove the voice box or laryngectomy: 

In case of a smaller tumour, the doctor may remove the part of your voice box affected by the growth of cancer cells, leaving the non-affected area that saves as much of the voice box as possible. In the case of a larger tumour, the complete voice box is removed, and the windpipe is attached to a hole (stoma) in your throat to allow you to breathe, through a process known as tracheotomy.

3. Chemotherapy

This therapy employs drugs to destroy cancer cells or stop them from multiplying and is often utilised along with radiation therapy in treating the cancer. 

4. Targeted Drug Therapy

Targeted therapy utilizes drugs and other substances to target cancer cells by targeted therapy. This is done using anti-angiogenic agents that block blood vessels and shrink them to enter the tumour. Such techniques are used after surgical procedures. The drug cetuximab is mostly used to perform targeted therapy, which stops the action of protein found in cancer cells to treat throat cancer in certain situations. 

5. Immunotherapy

This therapy enables our immune system to fight throat cancer by restoring our body's natural defense mechanism and using immunotherapies like interferon alpha or interleukin-2. This therapy is done to treat advanced stages of throat cancer when standard treatments are not effective.

Liver cancer is a severe medical condition that impacts lives around the world. It can occur due to genetic mutations, infections by hepatitis B or C virus, chronic alcohol consumption and more. While prevention is ideal, the reality is that some people are faced with it no matter what. Treatment of liver cancer usually depends on the severity of the cancer, as well as its type. It’s important to get diagnosed as quickly as possible so that prompt treatment can be given. In this article, we will provide an overview of the main options for liver cancer treatment and discuss how doctors approach personalised treatment planning.

Treatment of Liver Cancer

Primary liver cancer treatment depends on the symptoms, clinical examination, overall health, and personal preference for treatment. Treatment may involve the following:

• Surgery: The treatment for primary liver cancer involves surgery to remove tumour cells, in a procedure called partial hepatectomy. The healthcare provider may recommend an operation to remove a small portion of healthy liver tissue surrounding the tumour, ensuring that your liver functions well even after a small operation.

• Liver transplant surgery : A liver transplant surgery is done to remove the diseased liver and replace it with a healthy liver from a suitable donor. This treatment is recommended for only a small percentage of people with early-stage liver cancer.

• Localised treatments: This type of treatment is done to kill the cancer cells constituting the specified area or the area surrounding the cancer cells. The localised treatment involves:
• Heating cancer cells 

This treatment involves using electric current to heat and destroy cancer cells. 

• Freezing cancer cells

This is done by cryoblation technique using liquid nitrogen directly on the liver tumour 

• Radiation therapy: In this therapy, radiations using high-energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons are targeted towards cancer cells, causing them to die. Radiation therapy can be given to patients from a large machine placed outside the body (external beam radiation) or from tiny radioactive seeds and wires that can be placed inside the body (brachytherapy).

• Chemotherapy: This therapy uses drugs to kill tumour cells. Chemotherapy drugs are given intravenously to travel through the body using the bloodstream to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is generally done after surgery to lower the risk of reoccurrence. 

• Targeted drug therapy: Targeted therapy utilises drugs and other substances to target cancer cells. This involves using anti-angiogenic agents that block blood vessels and shrink them to enter the tumour. Such techniques are used after surgical procedures. The drug atezolizumab is often used to stop the action of protein found in cancer cells that help them grow.

• Immunotherapy: This therapy enables the immune system to fight liver cancer by restoring the body's natural defence mechanism. This therapy is usually used to treat advanced liver cancer that is not responding to standard treatments.

The gallbladder is the storehouse of concentrated bile before passing into the intestine. Bile plays a pivotal role in the absorption of fats and the excretion of excess cholesterol. Obesity, gallstones, and the habit of smoking aid in the formation of cancerous cells in the gallbladder, leading to gallbladder cancer. Gallstones are present in almost 80% of the patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer. India witnesses around 10% of the global incidences of gallbladder cancer, making it crucial to seek timely gallbladder cancer treatment. In this article, we’ll explore different treatment options for this disease.

Treatment of Gallbladder Cancer

A mix of treatment modalities is required to stop the cancerous cells from multiplying. Gallbladder cancer treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and revolves around surgery.

• In the early stages, radical cholecystectomy completely removes the gallbladder along with the lymph nodes surrounding it. A specified area of the liver surface also needs surgical removal. However, relatively few patients are diagnosed with stage 1 cancer. Even those who undergo resection have a chance of recurrence of cancer.
• In stages 2 and 3, cancer begins to infiltrate the liver and adjacent nodes. Chemotherapy slows cell multiplication after surgery in such circumstances. Chemotherapy involves the administration of certain drugs to kill cancerous cells. If the gallbladder is unresectable, both radiotherapy and chemotherapy are required. In radiotherapy, a beam of X-rays is directed toward the affected area to kill cells and shrink tumours. Radio-sensitisers increase the intensity of rays and accelerate the damage to cancerous cells.
• In the advanced or metastatic stage, cancer starts spreading in the lungs and bones. The primary treatment for this stage is chemotherapy and immunotherapy. A positive result in Microsatellite Instability (MSI) screening indicates the need for immunotherapy. It prepares our immune system to fight against cancerous cells. Most gallbladder cancers are diagnosed at the advanced stage only. Unfortunately, the prognosis and survival rate at this stage are poor.
• In cases where open surgeries are not viable, laparoscopy and robotic surgeries work wonders. These are non-invasive methods to treat cancer and reduce patient trauma to a great extent. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery include minimal blood loss, early recovery, and reduced hospitalisation time.
• Palliative surgeries to relieve the symptoms include biliary bypass, endoscopic stent placement, and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Biliary bypass lets the bile pass if a tumour is obstructing its passage. If the bypass doesn't yield results, a stent placed through a catheter in the gallbladder allows the bile to flow out of the body in a bag. If stent placement in the gallbladder is not possible, it is directed towards the liver so that bile drains into the intestine or a bag outside the body.
• Targeted drug therapy identifies and kills specific cancer cells. Certain molecules and immunised antibodies serve this purpose. Multiple drugs are under investigation to make the treatment successful.

Food travels from the mouth and reaches the stomach via the esophagus or food pipe. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption promote the growth of malignant cells in the esophagus. Esophageal cancer can develop either on the lower or upper surface. Adenocarcinoma starts in the mucus-producing glands at the bottom of the esophagus, which is closer to the stomach. Squamous cell carcinoma develops in the upper esophagus. Trouble swallowing food, chronic chest pain, and a persistent hoarse voice indicate serious complications. A mix of Esophageal cancer treatment modalities is required to deal with the tumours. 

Treatment of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer treatment depends on the stage, much like cancer in other organs. Esophageal cancer tends to spread along the entire oesophagus if not diagnosed in the early stages. 

• In the primitive stages, endoscopy helps remove minute tumours in the esophagus.
• Stage 1 cancer is treated primarily with surgery.
• In stages 2 and 3, cancer infiltrates deeper layers of the esophagus and lymph nodes in the adjoining area. Chemotherapy, radiation, followed by surgery aid in the treatment. During esophagectomy, the affected portion of the esophagus is dissected, along with the upper part of the stomach and surrounding lymph nodes. The stomach is treated as the new tube to reconnect to the remaining part of the upper esophagus.
• In the advanced or metastatic stage, cancer spreads away from its initial site. It can reach the lungs, liver, and even the bones. The primary mode of treatment for this stage is chemotherapy, while radiation provides symptomatic benefits. Potential side effects of chemotherapy include increased hair loss and an enhanced risk of infection. Targeted drug therapy and immunotherapy have proven to be beneficial at this stage.
• Docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) therapy is particularly useful in treating squamous cell carcinoma. However, the side effects of this regimen include febrile neutropenia, appetite loss, constipation, and fatigue.
• Laparoscopy and robotic operations work effectively when open surgeries are not an option. These are non-invasive methods to treat esophageal cancer.
• Radiotherapy is particularly beneficial for the treatment of the upper esophagus. In radiotherapy, a beam of high-intensity rays is directed towards the affected area to shrink tumours. It is a viable option for patients surgically unfit for operations in the lower and middle esophagus. Side effects include damage to the nearby organs and difficulty swallowing.
• Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, when performed in isolation, result in poor survival rates. Neoadjuvant therapy usually combines radiotherapy and chemotherapy to kill cancerous cells. It improves the survival rate by 3–5 years.
• Palliative surgeries to relieve the symptoms include esophageal stenting and jejunostomies. Esophageal obstruction is relieved via the insertion of a stent. In jejunostomy, a tube is inserted in the lumen of the jejunum to provide the required nutrition.

Penile cancer refers to the cancer of the penis in males. It is a rare form of cancer whose incidence rate varies significantly depending upon various factors. It is more common in less developed countries than in developed countries. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available for those who have been diagnosed with this cancer. In this article, we'll discuss the different forms of penile cancer treatment. Understanding these treatments better gives you more confidence as you approach your next steps towards beating this disease.

Treatment of Penile Cancer

The penile cancer treatment approach majorly depends on the stage of the cancer and the time of diagnosis.  The following treatment options are recommended: 

• Surgical management of penile cancer: Surgery is often the mainstay of penile cancer treatment, provided the cancer is still in the primary stage. This method has proven to give rapid definitive results with a low recurrence rate. Depending upon the stage of the disease, organ sparing and glan-sparing surgery is done. Moh’s microsurgery is performed to remove small-sized tumours in layers. Limited excision and laser ablation of penile lesions are also done wherever feasible. Advanced-stage penile cancer treatment includes more extensive surgical procedures and total penectomy (removal of part of or entire penis) if needed. In advanced-stage patients, penile cancer cells spread to the neighbouring lymph nodes. Thus, surgery is also performed to manage those lymph nodes. 

• Radiation therapy: In this therapy, high-energy X-rays and other radiations are used to destroy cancer cells or limit the growth of the tumour. It can be given as external radiation therapy from outside the body or as internal radiation therapy, where radiation is targetted within the body.     

• Medication: Anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs are used to either destroy the cancer cells or to stop them from dividing. The drugs can be given either orally or through an injection afterwards, as they reach the cancer cells via the bloodstream. Medicated creams are also available to be applied topically to the skin. The method of administration of the chemotherapeutic drug depends upon the stage of penile cancer.

• Cryotherapy: This is also known as cryosurgery, where the cancerous cells are removed by freezing and excising them via a special instrument.   

• Immunotherapy: Immune modulating agents that strengthen the immune system to fight cancer are used in immunotherapy. 

• Future therapies: Therapies like radiosensitisation can be employed, which is a technique where specific drugs are used to sensitise cancer cells to radiotherapy for better outcomes. Similarly, sentinel lymph node biopsy can be done to improve surgical treatment outcome. 

While we rarely think of what health issues could potentially impact us, cancer remains one of the scariest diagnoses one could receive. In particular, anal cancer is a disease that affects many each year, yet it seldom receives the awareness and discussion that other common cancers do. Though the topic may seem uncomfortable or taboo to some, bringing awareness can hopefully help lessen the stigma and empower those undergoing anal cancer treatment to feel less alone in their journey. So, let's dive into a brief overview of the various approaches to treatment.

Treatment For Anal Cancer 

Some of the main anal cancer treatment options are as follows: 

• Chemotherapy. 

Chemotherapy treats cancer with the help of strong medications. Some are injected in a vein, and others come in the form of pills. These drugs help destroy the rapidly growing cancer cells in the body.

• Radiation therapy.

Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams- X-rays, protons, or other sources- to destroy the cancer cells. The beams are projected to specific points in the body to kill the cells.

• Surgery

Surgery might be used to treat anal cancer in certain situations, especially if radiation or chemotherapy don’t work. These surgical procedures might include:

• Surgery for very small anal cancers. 

Some very small anal cancers are treated with surgery alone. The surgeon removes the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it to ensure that all the cancer cells are removed from the body. It is uncommon and can only be done when the cancer is very small. Depending on the cancer, chemotherapy and radiation after surgery also may be recommended.

• Surgery for cancer that hasn't responded to other treatments. 

If the cancer remains after chemotherapy and radiation, your doctor may recommend abdominoperineal resection, also called APR. During APR, the surgeon removes the anal canal, rectum, and part of the colon. The surgeon then attaches the remaining portion of your colon to an opening in your abdomen called a stoma. A colostomy bag is placed for the rest of the patient's life, and the waste is collected. 

Treatments For Cancer That Has Spread

Other kinds of treatments are required if the anal cancer moves to the other part of the body. Such treatments may include.

• Chemotherapy alone. Chemotherapy medicines can control the growth of cancer cells throughout the body.

• Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses medicine to help the immune system destroy cancer cells. It assists the immune system cells in identifying and destroying cancer cells. It might be used only under very specific conditions. 

• Palliative care

Palliative care is an exceptional form of medical service that assists you with feeling improved. When you have a disease, palliative consideration can help with easing stress and different side effects. The group will likely work on personal satisfaction for yourself and your loved ones.