Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness spread through close contact or droplets in the air. While common cold symptoms and influenza often overlap, they are two distinct illnesses that have different signs and implications. It's important to stay on top of potential influenza symptoms so you can take action if needed. In this article, we'll discuss the main symptoms of influenza.

Whether you're just starting to feel under-the-weather or you already know it's time to seek medical help - understanding the signs and symptoms of influenza will be beneficial in getting timely care.

What are the Symptoms of Influenza? 

The symptom of influenza arises in about 5-7 days after infection with the influenza virus. The infected person infected can spread the virus even before the symptoms are visible.

The common symptoms of influenza are mentioned below:

• High fever – Infection with influenza virus is associated with sudden high fever which in most cases lasts for 4 days. The fever usually comes with the episodes of chills.
• Coryza – Coryza is the inflammation inner lining of nose that comes with nasal discharge. Coryza is also known as rhinitis and is very common symptom of influenza.
• Body aches and fatigue– Severe body pain followed by weakness or fatigue are one of the main influenza flu symptoms.
• Sore throat – Sore throat and discomfort during swallowing is another common symptom of influenza.
• Stomach discomfort – Influenza is also associated with symptoms of stomach discomfort that include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting which are particularly common in children.

Giardiasis is a prevalent disease worldwide, caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenales. It is most commonly found in low socio-economic regions where clean water is scarce. This parasite can infect both animals and humans, who can then spread it through their faeces.

As a result, water supplies and food can become contaminated. Giardia can survive outside the host body for several weeks, making it easy for food and water to become contaminated. In this article, we will discuss the main signs and symptoms of giardiasis.

What are the Symptoms of Giardiasis?     

The common signs and symptoms of giardiasis include the following:

• Diarrhoea – One of the most common symptoms of giardiasis is diarrhoea, which can cause a mild to extreme stomach upset. It can present with 5-10 loose stools (2-5 in mild cases) per day, which can progressively lead to fatigue.
• Gas and bloating– Another common symptom is the formation of gas in the stomach, caused due to bad digestion and parasitic load. The formation of gas might lead to a feeling of tightness in the tummy.
• Greasy stool – Giardiasis patients often pass greasy stool, which can float on water.
• Abdominal discomfort – Abdominal discomfort, such as pain and cramping, is a common presentation of giardiasis.
• Nausea and vomiting – Abdominal discomfort is often associated with feelings of nausea and vomiting.
• Dehydration – Giardiasis is mostly associated with dehydration due to excessive loss of water and electrolytes from the body. It can be mild or sometimes severe, mandating urgent attention.
• Sometimes, people will experience long-term giardia symptoms, such as arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and years of recurrent diarrhoea.

To work towards overcoming obesity, it is crucial to understand every aspect of it. Beyond its external appearance, obesity has consequences that influence our vitality and well-being. Step into the world of obesity exploration and discover practical ways to overcome it. This article is your roadmap through various types of obesity – from stress to genetic factors – each needing a unique solution. Get ready for a transformative journey with simple insights to navigate the challenges of obesity and reach your goal of better health.

Types of obesity and how to cope with them

Obesity is about more than just how you look; it greatly affects your health. Let’s understand the different types of obesity and intelligent ways to fight them.

1.     Overeating and poor diet obesity

• This type arises from excessive consumption of unhealthy foods and inadequate physical activity.
• To address it, opt for balanced meals with controlled portions. Regular exercise is crucial to counteract weight gain.

• Reduce sugary foods and prioritise nutrient-rich options for sustained weight management.
• By making conscious food choices and embracing an active lifestyle, you can effectively tackle obesity and improve your overall well-being.

2. Stress-driven obesity (nervous stomach)

• This type of obesity emerges when stress or anxiety leads to sugary food cravings and overeating.
• Focus on stress management techniques like meditation, yoga or exercise to combat it.
• Keep sweets out of easy reach and practice mindful eating to curb emotional triggers.
• By addressing the underlying stressors and adopting healthy coping mechanisms, one can break the cycle of stress-driven overeating and work towards maintaining a healthier weight and mindset.

3. Gluten-free food obesity

• This type of obesity involves gaining weight while switching to gluten-free options that might be higher in fat and lower in protein.
• To manage this, strive for balance by incorporating nutrient-rich foods into your diet.

• Be cautious of gluten-free products that lack nutritional value, and instead, focus on whole foods that provide essential nutrients.
• By making informed dietary choices and ensuring a well-rounded approach to gluten-free eating, you can prevent weight gain and maintain a healthier lifestyle.

4. Genetic obesity

• Genetic factors and an environment that promotes unhealthy habits influence this form of obesity.
• To tackle it, create a healthier environment at home by offering nutritious foods and encouraging physical activity for you and your family.
• By making positive lifestyle changes, you can help mitigate the impact of genetic predisposition and work towards achieving a healthier weight.

5. Alcohol-related obesity

• This type stems from excessive alcohol consumption due to its high-calorie content.
• To address it, consider reducing or limiting alcohol intake to manage calorie consumption and promote weight loss.

• By being mindful of your alcohol consumption and making conscious choices, you can effectively manage your weight and support your overall health.

6.  Sedentary lifestyle obesity

• This type results from prolonged periods of sitting and minimal physical activity.
• If you have a desk job or spend significant time being inactive, start integrating movement throughout the day.
• Take short walks, stretch breaks, or even stand while working. Regular exercise is vital; set aside time for physical activity to counteract the effects of a sedentary routine.
• By prioritising movement and incorporating small changes into your daily life, you can prevent weight gain linked to inactivity and promote a healthier, more active lifestyle.

7. Emotional eating obesity

• This type involves using food to cope with emotions.
• To address it, work on identifying emotional triggers and finding alternative outlets for stress or sadness, such as journaling or talking to a friend.
• Learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional cravings, and practice mindful eating to regain control over your relationship with food.

Are you dealing with a dry cough? Before you reach for over-the-counter medicines, why not explore some effective home remedies? These simple, natural home remedies for dry cough can provide relief from the comfort of your house. There is a remedy for every preference, from kitchen staples like honey and turmeric to soothing options like ginger and marshmallow root. There is no need to stress about that cough anymore. Let us learn these simple tips and start feeling better soon!

Home remedies to get rid of dry cough

Are you dealing with a nagging dry cough? Try these natural and easy dry cough treatments at home.

·       Honey

Honey is a tried-and-tested home remedy for sore throat and dry cough that is safe for all ages. Its efficacy spans all age groups, providing reliable comfort during the day and night. To use, mix a teaspoon of honey in a warm drink, like herbal tea or warm water, with a squeeze of lemon. Consume this mixture before bedtime for soothing relief. Honey is notably safe for adults and children aged one and above; honey’s gentle touch brings relief and is a natural ingredient that you can use safely.

·       Turmeric

Imagine a natural superhero that fights dry coughs while boosting your health – that's turmeric! Curcumin in turmeric fights inflammation, beats viruses, and acts as a shield against bacteria. Blend a teaspoon of turmeric powder with warm milk, give it a nice stir, and drink it before going to bed. This natural remedy stands out among severe cough home remedies to improve your health.

·       Ginger

This fantastic root is famous as one of the home remedies for dry cough, calming throat irritation, and making coughing less troublesome. It offers relief and helps you breathe easier. Soak fresh ginger slices in hot water. Adding honey and a squeeze of lemon will give it a lovely twist. Drink this warming ginger tea throughout the day to relieve coughing symptoms. In your search for home remedies for sore throat and dry cough, ginger is a dependable partner with its soothing hug.

·       Marshmallow root

Seeking severe cough home remedies? Your throat will benefit from marshmallow root’s calming properties. Combine one tablespoon of the dried root with hot water to prepare marshmallow root tea; steep the root for 10-15 minutes. After that, filter it, and drink many cups of this tea daily. This mixture creates a barrier in your throat that soothes inflammation. To relieve discomfort and restore your throat to a happier, healthier state, embrace marshmallow root tea.

·       Peppermint

Tea with peppermint leaves is excellent for sore throats. Brew hot water with dried peppermint leaves and let it steep; now strain and drink it. Consume this minty tea to ease coughing and pain when your throat feels irritated. The next time you feel under the weather, try it. It tastes good and can help to calm your itchy throat.

·       Masala chai

Discover the best dry cough treatment at home with the comfort and warmth of masala tea, a tasty combination of cinnamon, ginger and other spices. First, heat milk and black tea leaves in a pot while adding a flavourful blend of ginger, cinnamon, cardamom and cloves. After a quick simmer, strain the tea and enjoy the rich aroma. It is a soothing option because of its ability to reduce the discomfort of dry coughs.

·       Cayenne pepper

Chilli peppers include cayenne pepper, which is useful for soothing sore throats. Combine a tiny amount of cayenne pepper, warm water, and honey to give it a try. For cough relief, cautiously and slowly sip this concoction. It may appear a little spicy, but it can work surprisingly well at soothing your throat. Cayenne can relieve irritation; you can start with a tiny amount and adjust it to your taste.

·       Saltwater gargle

Make a simple saltwater gargle by mixing a teaspoon of salt with warm water. It is the best home remedy for dry cough at night. This efficient remedy relieves coughing and sore throats. Gargle with it for 15-30 seconds, then spit it out. You can do this as often as necessary to clear your throat. Using this simple technique, you can get comfort at night and help yourself feel better again.

For the health and beauty conscious, Vitamin B7, known as biotin, is your buddy. This vitamin promotes healthy skin, hair and nails. But where can you find vitamin B7 foods? Let us explore the delicious methods to get your fill of foods rich in biotin, from sweet delicacies to everyday basics!

List of foods rich in vitamin B7

Here’s a list of vitamin B7 sources, and why they are so beneficial to your well-being.

·       Beef liver

Beef liver ranks high on the vitamin B7 foods list. It has a ton of vitamin B7, which is like a magic ingredient for your health. Think of it as a shot of all the essential nutrients; like a natural multivitamin. This nutritional powerhouse is an excellent option for keeping your health in peak condition, as it may improve your energy levels and help your skin glow.

·       Eggs (cooked)

In addition to being delicious, eggs are a great source of biotin or vitamin B7. Biotin present in eggs becomes extremely easy for your body to absorb when cooked. Your hair and skin benefit significantly from this vitamin.

·       Salmon

With its omega-3 fatty acids, salmon is not only heart-healthy but it also provides vitamin B7. Your body benefits significantly, as it promotes and maintains mental acuity, enhances physical well-being, and leads to healthy skin.

·       Avocados

Rich and creamy avocados are among the many foods that have biotin. Their deliciousness matches their high biotin content, which makes your hair and nails stronger and glossy. Not just that, but biotin in avocados also makes your skin appear brighter. You can enjoy an avocado by itself, or add it to a salad.

·       Pork

Pork features on the list of foods high in biotin. An excellent source of the unique vitamin B7, or biotin, is lean pork. Your body benefits from this vitamin in various ways, including maintaining healthy skin, hair and nails. It provides you with energy and keeps you strong. Thus, when you eat pork, you provide your body with more protein and biotin.

·       Sweet potato

Among biotin food sources, you can include sweet potatoes in your daily diet. They come loaded with biotin, a vitamin-like substance that gives your skin and hair a radiant sheen. 

·       Nuts & seeds

Those looking for vitamin B7 foods vegetarian options can easily opt for nuts and seeds. Nuts such as almonds and seeds such as sunflower seeds are not only crunchy and tasty but also healthy. So, if you are craving something to eat, pick yourself a handful of these naturally healthy snacks and get your daily dose of vitamin B7 rich foods.

Have you ever experienced severe abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea without any known cause? It is possible that you could be dealing with a Salmonella infection.

Characterized by its rapid onset of symptoms like fever, chills, and headache in addition to the aforementioned ones—Salmonella infections can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the severity. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of salmonella and who is at risk of contracting this infection.

What are the Symptoms of Salmonella?   

Salmonella can be found in various foods that can become contaminated for unavoidable reasons. Chicken, turkey, beef, pork, eggs, fruits, vegetables, sprouts, frozen pot pies, nut butters, and stuffed chicken foods are all potential hosts for Salmonella bacteria. Be aware of these common signs and symptoms of salmonella infection:

• Gastroenteritis: These are the most common Salmonella infection symptoms, which are characterized by:
  • Diarrhoea
  • Abdominal pain & cramps
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Bloating
  • Loss of appetite
  • Bloody stool
• Enteric fevers: Fevers like typhoid fever (caused by Salmonella Typhi) is the second most common manifestation of salmonella infection. This fever is characterized by:
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Muscle pain
  • Fever starts from and increases gradually throughout the day
  • Skin rash
  • Diarrhoea
• Septicemia: Salmonella septicaemia is a rare condition, that occurs particularly in people who have AIDS. The presence of salmonella in the blood causes a severe inflammatory response in the entire body that could be life threatening. It is characterized by:
  • High fever & chills
  • Abdominal pain
  • Increased heart rate
  • Red hot skin
  • Confusion

We can all agree that maintaining our kidney health is crucial. The levels of a substance known as creatine are a critical sign of kidney function. And when it comes to maintaining optimal kidney health, monitoring creatinine levels is important. If these levels go up, kidney function can be impaired, leading to chronic kidney disease. But, fret not. We are here to discuss an appetising and all-natural method of lowering creatinine levels. Let’s look at the different foods that reduce creatinine and help maintain your body’s equilibrium. Given below is a list of fruits to reduce creatinine levels, which you can incorporate into your daily diet.

Symptoms of High Creatinine

Increased creatinine levels often signal underlying kidney issues. Common symptoms associated with this condition include:

• Fluid Retention: Swelling, especially in the lower extremities, due to the kidneys' reduced ability to eliminate excess fluid.
• Decreased Urine Output: Producing less urine than usual, indicating potential kidney dysfunction.
• Fatigue: A feeling of constant tiredness resulting from the accumulation of waste products in the body.
• Nausea: An uneasy feeling that may cause vomiting.
• Muscle Cramps: Involuntary contractions or spasms in the muscles, which can be painful.
• High Blood Pressure: Elevated blood pressure levels, which can further strain the kidneys.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience these symptoms, as they may indicate impaired kidney function.

Understanding Normal Creatinine Levels in Adults

Typically, normal serum creatinine levels are:

• Men:7 to 1.3 milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL)
• Women:6 to 1.1 mg/dL

These values can differ slightly among laboratories. Regular monitoring of creatinine levels through blood tests is crucial, especially for individuals with risk factors for kidney disease.

What Causes Creatinine Levels to Rise?

Several factors can contribute to elevated creatinine levels:

• Kidney Dysfunction: Conditions such as chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury impair the organ’s ability to filter waste, leading to increased creatinine.
• Dehydration: Not drinking enough water can result in an increased concentration of creatinine in the blood.
• High Protein Intake: Consuming large amounts of protein can temporarily elevate creatinine levels due to increased metabolic waste.
• Intense Physical Activity: Strenuous exercise can lead to muscle breakdown, releasing more creatinine into the bloodstream.
• Certain Medications: Some drugs can impair kidney function or interfere with creatinine secretion.

Identifying the underlying cause is vital for effective management and treatment of the condition. Having health insurance in place is also an important step for protecting yourself against sudden health issues.

Fruits to Consume to Reduce Creatinine Levels

When it comes to maintaining kidney health, certain fruits help to reduce elevated creatinine levels. Together, let us explore a list of such fruits in detail:

• Cranberries

Renowned for their advantages to the urinary tract, cranberries are one of the best fruits to reduce creatinine levels. Rich in bioactive elements and antioxidants, they have anti-inflammatory and kidney-boosting properties. Cranberries are a great addition to kidney-friendly diets because of these qualities, which act together to lower creatinine levels.

• Blueberries

The antioxidant and anthocyanin-rich blueberries are another contender for improving kidney health. They target essential elements that lead to high creatinine levels by reducing inflammation and fighting oxidative damage. This dual-action strategy presents blueberries as a tasty and promising alternative for people looking to maximise renal well-being.

• Strawberries

Packed with fibre, antioxidants and vitamin C, strawberries help maintain kidney health. Researchers have shown that strawberries’ rich antioxidant content is essential for improving kidney health and may even lower creatinine levels.

• Watermelon

True to its cool moniker, watermelon is notable for its high water content that promotes hydration, which is essential for kidney health. Moreover, the high concentration of lycopene, a potent antioxidant, acts as a kidney protector. The antioxidant lycopene helps keep kidneys healthy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

• Pineapple

Pineapples include an enzyme called bromelain, which may have benefits for protecting the kidneys. It is possible that bromelain may preserve renal function by reducing inflammation. Incorporating this delicious fruit into your diet may help promote better renal function.

• Apples

Beyond their crunch, apples are a great source of fibre and antioxidants with various kidney health benefits. The fibre aids digestion and metabolic balance support, while the antioxidants help maintain overall kidney health and fight oxidative stress. Keeping yourself hydrated with this juicy fruit also helps the kidneys do their essential job. Remember that treating renal disease holistically is essential, and these fruits can be a delicious part of that process.

• Red grapes

The antioxidant compound resveratrol in red grapes effectively combats inflammation. Studies suggest that resveratrol may benefit your kidneys by enhancing their health and helping control creatinine levels.

• Pomegranates

Pomegranates are a good source of antioxidants. This fruit may help potentially reduce oxidative stress and enhance kidney function.

Conclusion

Including these foods to lower creatinine in your diet can be a tasty and healthy approach to support your kidneys’ health. Every fruit has its unique benefits. Although no single food may cure all ailments, you can easily consume some foods to reduce creatinine levels, as this may help keep kidney function at its best. These fruits offer a tasty way to adopt a healthy lifestyle combined with an integrated diet strategy. And if you’re looking for high-fibre foods to lower creatinine, you can opt for legumes, whole grains, vegetables, and pulses. Remember to seek the assistance of medical professionals for specific guidance, ensuring that your health insurance plan aligns with your unique health needs and goals.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

If you have been experiencing recurring stomach discomfort, bloating, or unexplained nausea, you might wonder whether you have antral gastritis. Or you may have come across the term and pondered, “What is antral gastritis?” If the term sounds complex, let us simplify it for you!

Antral gastritis refers to the inflammation in the lower part of your stomach’s lining. It can cause pesky problems like tummy aches and bloating, making you feel queasy. But the good news is that you can manage antral gastritis with simple changes in your lifestyle and diet coupled with medicines. Stick around to learn more about this stomach ailment and how to tackle it head-on!

Meaning of Antral Gastritis

The meaning of antral gastritis is inflammation in the antrum, the lining of the lower stomach. This condition often results from poor lifestyle choices, unhealthy diet, high-stress levels, or certain medications. It is essential to avoid these triggers to prevent antral gastritis. Familiarising yourself with its symptoms and treatment can aid in managing the condition for you and your loved ones. Prioritising your well-being includes choosing appropriate health insurance coverage, should you ever need to take medical treatment for such a condition.

Types of antral gastritis

One can classify antral gastritis primarily as:

1. Erosive antral gastritis:

Erosive antral gastritis refers to inflammation primarily affecting the antrum. This condition involves erosion or damage to the stomach lining, often caused by excessive gastric acid production, infections, or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., NSAIDs). Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, and sometimes bleeding.

2. Non-erosive antral gastritis

Non-erosive antral gastritis is inflammation of the antrum without significant stomach lining erosion. It can result from infections, autoimmune reactions, or other underlying issues. Symptoms might include abdominal discomfort, bloating and indigestion.

Causes of Erosive Antral Gastritis

Erosive antral gastritis is caused by damage to the stomach lining. This could be due to:

• Consumption of alcohol that irritates and damages the intestine and stomach
• Long-term use of medicines like aspirin that is known to reduce stomach mucus
• Physical stress caused by surgery or trauma that leads to over overproduction of stomach acid.
• Certain bacterial infections
• Eating spicy or acid-causing food items that corrode the stomach lining

Is Erosive Antral Gastritis Curable?

Yes, erosive antral gastritis can be treated with medication and lifestyle changes. A timely intervention is the key to improving the condition and curing the underlying causes.

Symptoms of Antral Gastritis

These are some common symptoms of antral gastritis:

• Burning sensation in the stomach
• Bloating and nausea
• Reduced appetite
• Vomiting with traces of blood in extreme cases
• Black stools that may indicate internal bleeding
• Indigestion and heartburn

Treatment of Antral Gastritis

Medications, changes in lifestyle, and surgery are the primary ways of dealing with antral gastritis.

1. Medications such as antacids, antibiotics, and proton pump inhibitors or PPIs aid in reducing acidity.
2. Avoiding alcohol and smoking and following a stress-reducing routine along with light workouts also help in managing the symptoms.
3. For extreme cases where ulcers have developed, surgery is advisable.

Home Remedies for Antral Gastritis

Certain foods that can help relieve symptoms of antral gastritis are:

• Herbal teas, such as ginger and turmeric tea, soothe the stomach.
• Aloe vera juice is an ancient and powerful healing drink with anti-inflammatory qualities.
• Honey, which has antibacterial propertie,s is also a good option for soothing stomach aches.

Diet During Antral Gastritis

One should focus on having a light and balanced meal that supports recovery while being easy to digest.

Food To Have

• Include rice and bread for carbohydrates that provide essential energy.
• Bananas and melons that are non-acidic in nature are also a good option.
• Add spinach, broccoli, and carrots for a rich fibre intake. It cleanses the gut.
• Chicken and fish can be included as sources of lean proteins.

Food to Avoid

• Say no to spicy and fried food
• Tomatoes and citrus fruits such as oranges can irritate the stomach
• Avoid caffeine, energy drinks, and carbonated drinks
• Alcohol and packaged snacks should also be avoided

FAQs

1. Can stress cause antral gastritis?

Yes, prolonged and chronic stress can cause overproduction of stomach acid, which is the main reason for antral gastritis.

2. How to diagnose antral gastritis?

Endoscopy, stool test, blood test, and breath test that detect H. pylori are ways to diagnose antral gastritis.

3. Are ulcers and antral gastritis the same?

No, gastritis is caused by inflammation, while ulcers are open sores in the stomach lining.

4. How long does antral gastritis take to heal?

Medications and a shift to a healthier lifestyle can heal mild cases in a few weeks. However, severe conditions may require a longer time, and sometimes need surgery to heal completely.

5. Can antral gastritis lead to cancer?

Prolonged or chronic gastritis (especially caused by H. pylori), if not treated properly, can increase the risk of gastric cancer.

Conclusion

Antral gastritis is all about the lower part of the stomach getting inflamed. One may suffer from stomach lining damage or only inflammation of the antrum. Changing your lifestyle, diet, and certain medicines can help you deal with it. Though usually mild and curable, it can be a reason to worry if left unchecked. Having critical illness insurance can safeguard you from any sudden complications. Knowing about antral gastritis can help you take the necessary precautionary measures. Always consult your doctor to know what’s best for you.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational purposes only. Please consult a medical or nutrition professional before making any significant changes in your daily diet. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any impact or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared. 

If you’re looking for GMC policy full form or GMC and GPA full form, we’re here to help you in your endeavour.

In today's world, employee health and happiness is important for any organisation’s performance. That is why every organisation wants to ensure employees work in a safe and sound environment. Some of the common employee benefits include fair pay, equal opportunities, maternity and paternity leave, workplace safety, and work-life balance. Apart from these benefits, another critical perk called insurance is also a must, as it provides a safety net for employees. Employee insurance comes in two main types: life insurance and health insurance.

Companies might offer two main plans under health insurance: a GMC policy and a GPA policy. Simply put, the GPA insurance full form is Group Personal Accident insurance, while the GMC insurance full form is Group Medical Coverage.

Difference between a GPA policy and a GMC policy

Now, let us compare Group Medical Coverage (GMC) policies and Group Personal Accident (GPA) insurance:

Pulmonary hypertension is a form of high blood pressure that exerts its toll on the intricate network of arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart. One subtype, pulmonary arterial hypertension, presents a particularly difficult situation. Pulmonary arterial hypertension causes the blood vessels in the lungs to get narrow, obstructed, or even degenerate. The risk of pulmonary hypertension on one's health is significant. Sadly, there is no cure for this condition. However, the available treatments attempt to improve patients' quality of life, reduce symptoms, and lengthen their lifetime. This gives hope and support to those who are dealing with this challenging condition.

How is Pulmonary Hypertension caused?

There are five groups of pulmonary hypertension. The causes of pulmonary hypertension are different for each group. Let’s check the reason for each type:

• Group 1: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • The exact cause is unknown and is called idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
  • Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension results from genetic mutations passed down through families.
  • Use of certain medications or illicit drugs, like methamphetamine.
  • Congenital heart defects
  • Other conditions like scleroderma, lupus, or chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis.

• Group 2: Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Left-Sided Heart Disease
  • Stemming from conditions like left heart failure or
  • Left-sided heart valve diseases like mitral valve or aortic valve disease

• Group 3: Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Lung Disease
• • Pulmonary fibrosis that causes scarring of lung tissues
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Sleep apnea
  • Prolonged stay at high altitudes

• Group 4: Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Chronic Blood Clots or Blockages in the Pulmonary Artery
  • Resulting from chronic blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary emboli)
  • Tumours obstructing the pulmonary artery

• Group 5: Pulmonary Hypertension Triggered by Other Health Conditions
• • Linked to blood disorders like polycythemia vera and thrombocythemia
  • Inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis
  • Metabolic disorders (e.g., glycogen storage disease)
  • Kidney disease

• Eisenmenger Syndrome

Eisenmenger syndrome, a congenital heart disease, can lead to pulmonary hypertension. It typically occurs with unrepaired holes between the chambers of the heart, such as a ventricular septal defect. This causes abnormal blood flow and elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries.

Lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia is a condition characterised by an abnormally low count of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system. The causes of lymphopenia may be congenital or inherited. A significant drop in lymphocyte numbers may be a sign of an underlying illness or sickness, necessitating medical attention. The body's first line of defence, lymphocytes, quickly react to threats from dangerous antigens intruding on our body. Understanding lymphocytopenia is important for keeping an eye on immunological health.

How is lymphopenia caused?

Some of the main causes of lymphopenia are listed below:

• Immune System Disorders:
  • Lymphocytopenia may result from excessive immune reactions brought on by autoimmune diseases such as lupus, myasthenia gravis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Low lymphocyte numbers may also be a side effect of several immunosuppressive drugs used to treat these illnesses.

• Cancer and Cancer Treatments
  • Lymphocyte numbers may fall as a result of blood or lymphatic malignancies like lymphoma and leukaemia.
  • Cancer therapies like chemotherapy and radiation may also cause lymphocytopenia

• Diseases of the Blood and Bone Marrow:
  • Blood and bone marrow, diseases such as aplastic anaemia and lymphoproliferative disorders can lower lymphocyte numbers.

• Infections:
  • Lymphocytopenia frequently results from viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal illnesses.
  • Lymphocyte counts can decrease as a result of diseases like AIDS, histoplasmosis, influenza, and tuberculosis.

• Biological Reasons:
  • Uncommon genetic disorders like ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome can bring on Lymphocytopenia.

• Nutritional Factors:
  • Lymphocytopenia can be brought on by malnutrition, which frequently results from a lack of vital nutrients.
  • Reduced lymphocyte production is a potential side effect of eating disorders like anorexia.

• Gastrointestinal disorders:
  • Conditions that weaken the gut wall, such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease and zinc deficiency, can affect how well nutrients are absorbed and can cause lymphocytopenia.
  • T-cell lymphocytopenia can result from zinc deficiency, which can also impair immunological function.

• Medications:
  • Lymphocyte numbers may be decreased by a number of drugs, including azathioprine, carbamazepine, corticosteroids, and opioids.
  • Certain medications, including those used to treat osteoporosis like bisphosphonates, can also cause lymphocytopenia.

• Kidney Diseases:
  • Advanced chronic renal disease may result in lymphocytopenia
  • Acute renal damage might also cause lymphocytopenia

• Surgery and Trauma:
  • Lowered lymphocyte numbers might be a result of trauma or serious crises like heart failure.
  • Surgery, including heart bypass surgery, can aggravate lymphocytopenia.

• Other factors:
  • Drinking alcohol and stress can also cause lymphocytopenia
  • A rare illness known as idiopathic CD4-positive lymphocytopenia lacks a known cause.

Eclampsia is a serious outcome of preeclampsia, a hypertension disorder that emerges during pregnancy. Eclampsia, the development of seizures as a result of elevated blood pressure, is a rare but very serious condition. Pre-eclampsia causes brain activity to be disturbed, causing seizures, episodes of staring, and a loss of attention. It is essential to attend prenatal checkups. These examinations aid in the monitoring of blood pressure and other parameters, allowing early identification of any abnormality and timely medical intervention to protect the health of both the mother and the unborn child. To manage the risks of eclampsia during pregnancy, awareness and prompt treatment are essential.

How is eclampsia caused?

The main cause of eclampsia is preeclampsia. Considerable increases in blood pressure during pregnancy put pressure on the blood vessels and cause them to bulge in some portions. This damage may impede blood flow. The aberrant blood flow can interfere with the brain's normal function, leading to the development of seizures.

A heart attack, often referred to as a myocardial infarction in medical terms, happens when the coronary arteries become clogged with fat, cholesterol, and other substances, severely restricting or blocking blood flow to the heart. This deposit is called plaque, and the process of its formation is called atherosclerosis. In some circumstances, these plaques may burst, triggering the formation of a clot that restricts blood flow to some sections of the heart muscle, damaging or killing it. Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of heart attack.

The ability to preserve cardiac function and save lives depends significantly on prompt intervention. Early detection of any possible causes of heart attack and quick medical intervention are essential for improved outcomes.

How is Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Caused?

Following are some of the causes of myocardial infarction

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):

• This is one of the leading causes of heart attack
• It involves the blockage of one or more coronary arteries as a result of plaque formation.
• Due to the deposition of plaques, arteries become narrower, reduce blood flow to the heart, and become a cause of myocardial infarction.
• The rupture of a plaque can lead to the development of a blood clot inside the heart, which poses a severe risk.
• This clot may stop blood flow and result in a heart attack.
• The prevalence of CAD highlights the essentiality of early detection and preventive measures in lowering the risk of heart attacks.

2. Coronary Artery Spasm:

• Coronary artery spasm involves the intense squeezing of an unblocked blood vessel.
• It often happens in arteries that already have cholesterol plaques or that are in the early stages of hardening due to smoking.
• This condition is also referred to as Prinzmetal's angina, vasospastic angina, or variant angina.
• During a spasm, the artery narrows significantly, even when there is no blockage from plaque, and temporarily reduces the blood flow to the heart.
• This can lead to chest pain or angina.
• Recognising and managing coronary artery spasms is essential to prevent potential heart complications and discomfort.

3. Infections:

• Several viral diseases, including COVID-19, can affect the heart muscle.
• People who already have heart issues are particularly in danger.
• Heart attacks may result from the stress caused by infections or inflammation of the heart.
• The virus or illness may adversely impact cardiovascular health or worsen current problems.
• For those with underlying heart issues, monitoring and treating heart health during infections is critical.
• Early detection and medical intervention can lower the risk of heart attacks and improve the prognosis for those who experience them.

4. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD):

• One of the coronary arteries, which feed blood to the heart, might tear, causing the dangerous condition known as SCAD.
• The natural blood flow may be obstructed by this tear, possibly leading to a heart attack.
• SCAD is not very common but fatal and is one of the causes of myocardial infarction.
• It frequently affects younger people, especially women, and may not always be a result of the traditional heart disease risk factors.
• While the precise causes of SCAD are not yet fully known, it is crucial to be aware of its symptoms, such as chest pain, and to get quick medical help for a diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious heart issues.

Health complications not only cause panic but at times may also result in loss of finances if treatment requires hospitalization. The large hospitalization bills need to be settled, and your savings at such times can take a major hit. If the lone earning member of the family falls ill, the family is likely to undergo stress, and a sudden rise in expenditure will surely affect savings. All these emergencies can be avoided if you procure a health insurance care policy.

The main advantage offered by health insurance policy in India is the extensive medical coverage. Before you select a particular health insurance plan, it is extremely important to gain adequate information about the extent of coverage offered. You also need to check if the plan allows you to include different add-on covers to further enhance the policy benefits.

Personal Protect plan developed by ICICI Lombard can be easily purchased and offers sufficient coverage for injuries due to different accidents. This policy offers numerous benefits and must be considered to ensure the health of the sole earning-member of the family. Moreover, the policy structure can be easily customised with the inclusion of different add-on covers.

Individuals can select a minimum of Rs 3 Lakhs to a maximum of Rs 25 Lakhs sum insured, according to their requirement and budget constraints. Injuries caused by road, rail accidents, accidents due to natural calamities and arising out of terrorism or terrorist acts are all covered under this policy. This insurance policy offers compensation for medical expenses borne by the insured individual and helps to save sudden loss of finances.

Such a personal care health policy also includes Accidental Death cover in this policy plan. In case the insured individual dies within the policy period, the nominee (mentioned in the policy) is eligible to receive compensation of the sum insured. This compensation is sure to help the family of the deceased cope with the untimely loss and also maintain financial stability.

This not only reduces the burden of paying large medical bills but also keeps you better prepared should a medical emergency arise. When looking to buy individual health insurance, it becomes important to consider several factors, most important being your budget. A thorough knowledge of finances to be dispensed in the policy can help you decide on several other aspects like sum insured, policy tenure, deductible amount, etc.

The health care plus policy offered by ICICI Lombard offers individual cover for each member of the family. The flexibility and benefits extended by this insurance policy make it an affordable health insurance plan. Under this plan, the flexibility in the choice of sum insured and deductibles makes it perfect for those who wish to add to added coverage to their current health insurance policy. This feature is extremely crucial especially if your medical expenses go beyond the coverage boundary in your existing policy. The plan comes into effect once the deductible amount is reached and can be instrumental in reducing the financial burden which medical emergencies impose. The coverage under the individual health insurance policy is offered against diseases or illness is applicable hospitalisation of minimum 24 hour duration. Expenses like ,boarding/ room rent, fees payable to doctor or surgeon, expenses incurred to purchase medicines and surgical supplies as also blood and radiological tests are covered under this policy.

Sub-limit is the limit set on the sum insured by the insured person for any treatment, disease or services covered under this policy when making claims. Co-payment involves the amount payable by the insured for medical services offered by his or her plan. With the absence of Sub-limit and co-payments, this policy further allows you to enjoy better health care coverage and reduces the loss of finances when faced with a medical emergency.

The coverage period of maximum two years and hassle-free renewability up to 70 years of age enhance the overall benefits offered by this policy. With the entry age between 5 to 65 years, you can enjoy seamless benefits with this health insurance policy. Upon renewal of the policy, any one member insured under this policy can avail of a free health check-up.

Weigh the facts before blindly following myths

Heart diseases are the number one cause of deaths worldwide. They claim around 2.4 million lives every year in India alone. They also happen to be one of the most expensive diseases to treat medically, with an estimation of around $313 billion a year, globally.

It is rightly said that knowledge is power, especially when it comes to health insurance. In case of heart diseases as well, you will need all the knowledge you can possibly get. While the awareness of health and fitness has become the latest fad, a number of myths accompany heart diseases. It is crucial to know the truth behind all the material you read online or in health books, to avoid finding yourself on a hospital bed.

MYTH #1: Heart Diseases are Old People's Worries

FACT:

How you live your life, what kind of food you ingest and how much you exercise on a daily basis are all directly related to the risk of heart diseases you face. Plaque can start accumulating in the arteries as early as adolescence. Many young and middle-aged individuals suffer from cardiovascular diseases.
One of the major reasons why heart diseases are rampant is that people don't consider themselves at risk. Especially in today's day and age of technology and everything available at your fingertips, the risk of younger people being prone to heart diseases is at an all-time high.

MYTH #2: It's a Man's Disease

FACT:

Not only is this myth false but the real scenario is quite the opposite. More women have died from heart attacks than men have in the last 30 years. It has also been proved that women are more likely to die after their first heart attack.
Women often don't experience the traditional symptoms such as a throbbing pain in the chest. Therefore, regardless of gender, it is recommended that you get your cholesterol level and blood pressure checked at an early age and at regular intervals. It is also advised that you follow up with your medical check-ups no matter what your age, gender or occupation.

MYTH #3: Red Wine is good for the Heart

FACT:

There is no research to suggest that red wine is actually good for the heart. There is information to show that moderate intake of any kind of alcohol - Red Wine, White Wine, Beer or concentrated spirits is helpful in the long term for your heart's well-being. However, it isn't recommended to take up drinking as a preventive measure.
Drinking a glass or two of alcohol a day can be quite healthy and might help in the smooth functioning of your heart. On the other hand, it is also important to understand the long-term effects of drinking and alcoholism.

MYTH #4: Fat/Meat-Free Diets will Prevent Heart Diseases

FACT:

A balanced diet approach coupled with exercise and fitness will help you prevent cardiovascular diseases much more effectively. Include an intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, fish and nuts in your diet regularly to help maintain your overall health. Fish oil supplement is also taken by many to lower cholesterol. However, fish oil has also been known to increase cholesterol levels instead of reducing it.
Check your diet to make sure that it includes low saturated fats and trans-fats. However, unsaturated fats from vegetable oil and other food groups are beneficial and required by your body to carry out everyday activities as well as to nourish your skin and hair. Skipping out on one component will do more harm than good. A wholesome diet is what's ideal for your body.

Dry fruits are immensely beneficial for health because they are loaded with nutrients like vitamins, antioxidants and healthy fats. But did you know, dry fruits are incredible for radiant and glowing skin too? They can prevent wrinkles and dryness as well as promote glowing skin. You can either eat them directly or use them to make a face pack for your skin.

So, which dry fruit is good for the skin? Let’s discuss skin-friendly dry fruits and their nutritional values.  

List of best dry fruits for the skin:

Figs (Anjeer)

• Figs are loaded with vitamins C, B6 and K and have antioxidants that reduce dark spots and promote even skin tone.
• Consuming figs controls sebum production, locks moisture, and induces hydration.
• Research indicates that figs increase moisture in the skin, and promote collagen production thus helping to prevent or delay the formation of wrinkles and fine lines, and maintaining the elasticity of your skin.

Prunes (Khushk aloo bukhara)

• Prunes, or dried plums, are rich in antioxidants that stop premature ageing like sagging, fines-lines and wrinkles.
• They are rich in minerals like manganese, iron, vitamin K and beta-carotene resulting in healthy and radiant skin.
• Prunes are also great for repairing damaged hair.

Pistachios (Pista)

• Pistachios are great in case you struggle with dry and flaky skin as they are rich in fats.
• Fats in the pistachios are related to increased moisture in the skin thus reducing signs of ageing.
• It has vitamin E which provides nutrients to the skin cells thus reducing damage associated with sun exposure.
• Pistachios if consumed regularly are great for attaining healthy and glowing skin.

Pine nuts (Chilgoza)

• Pine nuts are a type of dry fruit loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
• They have anti-inflammatory properties that are great for people with sensitive skin.
• Not only do they nourish the skin but also provide moisture, protecting it from various skin damages.
• The availability of vitamin K and antioxidants delays the ageing process of the skin.

Protein is an essential and fundamental nutrient that helps in building and repairing tissues. Generally associated with animal food, protein is also found in certain vegetables. Automatically the question that comes to mind is: which vegetables have high protein content? In this article, we will talk about the top 10 vegetables that are not only loaded with protein but also have essential amino acids, and vitamins like A, C, B6, D, K, folate, calcium, potassium, etc.

List of 10 the best vegetables for protein intake:

Broccoli

• 100 g of broccoli contains around 2.8 g of protein and just 34 calories.
• It is a rich source of vitamins like C, K, and folate as well as phosphorus, potassium and calcium.
• It is rich in glucosinolates - compounds that reduce the risk of cancer.
• It promotes liver health by aiding detoxification and boosting antioxidants in the liver.

Mustard greens

• A vegetable that is not only rich in protein but also in vitamins like C, B, E and K.
• It contains calcium, potassium and phenolic compounds that promote the supply of antioxidants in the body.
• A 100 g serving of mustard greens provides 2.9 g of protein and has 27 calories.

Asparagus

Asparagus contains high nutritional values-

• One cup (134 g) of asparagus has 3 g of protein, whereas a 100 g serving contains 2.2 g of protein and 20 calories, with protein accounting for 44% of its calorie content.
• It is rich in vitamins K, and A contains folate, riboflavin, magnesium and phosphorus, and has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
• It also has fructooligosaccharides with prebiotic qualities, which enhance the growth of good bacteria in the intestine.

Spinach

A green leafy vegetable, spinach is loaded with nutrients-

• A 100 g serving of spinach contains 2.9 g of protein and 23 calories.
• Protein accounts for 50% of its calories.
• Spinach contains vitamins A, C, and K and is a great source of important minerals like magnesium, iron, potassium and calcium, along with a plant compound that has antioxidants and reduces inflammation.

Alfalfa sprouts

A calorie-dense and nutrient-rich veggie-

• A 100 g serving contains 4 g protein and 23 calories, with protein accounting for 69% of the calorie content.
• Rich in vitamins C and K and includes other nutrients like folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and copper.
• It is rich in saponin compounds that help lower cholesterol levels.
• Research proves that it reduces inflammation, lowers symptoms related to menopause, and prevents osteoporosis because of high vitamin K.

Watercress

A plant that grows in water and is rich in other nutrients like-

• A 100 g serving contains 2.3 g of protein and 11 calories.
• A cup of watercress contains 85 micrograms of vitamin K – A vitamin essential for blood and bone health.
• It is loaded with other vitamins like A, B and C including calcium and potassium.
• It has antioxidants and contains a phenolic compound that helps prevent cancer.

The human body is made up of 70% of water. In order to keep ourselves hydrated, we need to consume plenty of fluids. But it is not only liquids that can help us meet our daily water requirements. Several vegetables are also rich in water content. And this is apart from the benefits of nutrients, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants they are loaded with. In this blog, we will help answer your question, “Which vegetable contains lots of water?” These vegetables not only keep the human body hydrated but also guard it against several diseases.

List of vegetables with high water content

If you’ve ever wondered “which vegetable contains lots of water”, we’ve compiled a list of veggies that’ll help keep you hydrated and refreshed.

Cucumber

• Cucumbers are not only healthy but are hydrating because of their water content.
• Water content in cucumbers is around 96%, which is the highest among all other vegetables.
• They contain fiber, potassium, manganese, and vitamins A and K, and are low in calories.
  
  

Yellow melon

• The water content of yellow melon is nearly 91%.
• They are rich in potassium and contain very few calories. Potassium is necessary to maintain healthy blood pressure and helps with better functioning of nerves and muscles.
• It contains fiber, along with vitamins D and A.
  

Brussel Sprouts

• Brussel sprouts contain almost 86% of water.
• They are loaded with folic acid or folate- which is required by the body to make red blood cells and also plays an important role in a baby's development during pregnancy.
• They have vitamins K and C, fiber and protein. They also contain small amounts of vitamin B6, iron, thiamine, magnesium and phosphorus.
• They contain antioxidants - compounds that promote overall health, prevent cell damage and reduce inflammation in the body.
  
  

Spinach

• Another water-rich vegetable that is good for hydration is spinach. It contains around 93% of water.
• Spinach is loaded with iron – which is necessary for oxygen transport in the body.
• Spinach is rich in fiber and vitamins like A, C, K1, folic acid, iron, calcium and antioxidants.
• Consuming spinach controls blood pressure, promotes good vision, and helps fight cancer.
  

Introduction      

The thyroid, that small butterfly-shaped gland nestled at the base of your neck, plays a vital role in regulating your body's functions. It churns out two critical hormones – thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3) – influencing various bodily processes. These hormones are the metabolic maestros, governing the usage of fats and carbohydrates, regulating body temperature, impacting heart rate, and orchestrating protein production. However, hypothyroidism ensues when the thyroid gland falls short of producing an adequate quantity of these hormones. This blog delves into the various causes of hypothyroidism, exploring the culprits behind this glandular conundrum.

How is Hypothyroidism Caused?

Hypothyroidism can manifest for many reasons, each with its unique pathway leading to the underproduction of thyroid hormones. Here's an in-depth exploration of the causes of hypothyroidism, highlighting how each one contributes to the condition:

• Autoimmune Disease - Hashimoto's Disease

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system goes haywire and produces antibodies that attack healthy tissues. In the case of Hashimoto's, the immune system sets its sights on the thyroid gland, impeding its ability to produce hormones. The result is a sluggish thyroid, leading to hypothyroidism.

• Thyroid Surgery

In cases where thyroid surgery becomes necessary, either due to a tumour or other thyroid-related issues, removing all or part of the thyroid gland can severely impact its hormone production capacity. Sometimes, this surgical intervention can render the thyroid entirely incapable of hormone production.

• Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is a potent weapon against head and neck cancers. However, it's a double-edged sword, as it can inadvertently affect the thyroid gland's function. Exposure to radiation in this area may damage the thyroid, eventually causing hypothyroidism.

• Thyroiditis

Thyroiditis occurs when the thyroid gland becomes inflamed. This inflammation could result from an infection, an autoimmune disorder, or another medical condition targeting the thyroid. Interestingly, thyroiditis can induce a temporary surge in thyroid activity, termed hyperthyroidism. Eventually, the thyroid becomes underactive, pushing an individual into hypothyroidism.

• Medications

Several medications can disrupt thyroid function, ultimately causing hypothyroidism. Notable among these is lithium, commonly prescribed for psychiatric disorders. Suppose you're taking medication for any ailment. In that case, it's prudent to consult your healthcare provider regarding its potential impact on your thyroid gland.

• Problems Present at Birth - Congenital Hypothyroidism

Some infants are born with thyroid glands that don't function properly, while others are born without a thyroid gland. The reasons for these congenital thyroid disorders can be diverse, with many cases remaining unexplained. Fortunately, most states require newborn thyroid screening to detect these issues early, as affected infants may not initially exhibit noticeable symptoms.

• Pituitary Disorder

Although relatively rare, hypothyroidism can be triggered by a pituitary gland that fails to produce adequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Typically, this results from a noncancerous tumour on the pituitary gland. Without TSH, the thyroid receives insufficient stimulation to produce its hormones, leading to hypothyroidism.

• Pregnancy

Hypothyroidism can develop during or after pregnancy, posing significant risks to the mother and the developing foetus. If left untreated, it can increase the chances of pregnancy loss, premature delivery, and preeclampsia, a condition characterised by elevated blood pressure during the last trimester of pregnancy. Monitoring and managing thyroid health during pregnancy is crucial to ensure a healthy outcome.

• Iodine Deficiency

Iodine is an essential mineral for thyroid hormone production. It's abundant in seafood, seaweed, plants grown in iodine-rich soil, and iodized salt. However, an absence of iodine in one's diet can lead to hypothyroidism. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can exacerbate hypothyroidism in individuals with the condition. In some parts of the world, iodine deficiency remains a common problem. Still, iodized salt has largely eradicated this issue in the United States.