leprosy is an ancient and mysterious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. This highly infectious disease can damage the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, leading to disfiguring sores and nerve damage. This disease has been reported to be around since 600 B.C., making it the oldest recorded disease in human history. Despite its long existence, leprosy outbreaks continue to affect people worldwide, appearing on every continent. However, rest assured that leprosy is not highly contagious, as it requires close and repeated contact with infected droplets from the nose and mouth. Shockingly, children are more likely to be affected by this disease than adults, with cases predominantly reported in Africa and Asia. Without proper treatment, leprosy can lead to severe disfigurement and disability. Join us on a journey to understand the causes of leprosy.
Causes of Leprosy
While scientists do not know what leprosy is caused by exactly, research suggests that the bacterium can be spread through coughing or sneezing, with droplets containing the bacteria being inhaled by others. Close physical contact with an infected person can also lead to transmission. But fear not, this disease cannot be spread through simple acts of affection like hugs or handshakes. Even sharing a meal with an infected person poses no risk. And rest assured, pregnant mothers with leprosy cannot pass it on to their unborn babies. However, some people are at more risk for contracting leprosy including:
People Living in High-Risk Areas
Focusing on the year 2018, a staggering 71 percent of leprosy cases were found in Southeast Asia and the Americas. Surprisingly, Africa accounted for only 15 percent of the new cases, while the remaining 10 percent were scattered across the Americas. Unsurprisingly, India, Indonesia, and Brazil were found to have the highest number of emerging leprosy cases.
Gene Susceptibility
Researchers have studied that those who contract leprosy have genes that make them more susceptible to the infection once exposed and people are more susceptible to leprosy when it tends to run in families. However, the inheritance pattern is still not clear.
Ethnicity
The rising cases have been reported more from Individuals being Asian and African. However, the reason is unknown.
Children
Cases of leprosy have been more likely reported in children than in adults and data from the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported most of the cases are from Africa and Asia continents
Weak Immune system
People with weak immune systems like in the case of diabetes, HIV, or heart disease may be more prone to develop leprosy.
Conclusion
If you've recently been to or reside in a country with a high incidence of leprosy and you're experiencing symptoms, it's essential to seek medical assistance right away. Early diagnosis greatly improves the effectiveness of treatment and can reduce the burden of medical expenses, which is why having health insurance is crucial. Leprosy primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, and if left untreated, it can lead to progressive and permanent disabilities. Act promptly to safeguard your well-being.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.