Dengue is a highly lethal disease with global implications, impacting individuals across the world. Its prevalence in India and escalating incidence rates raise significant public health concerns. A collective effort is imperative for individuals and communities to comprehensively grasp dengue fever’s various facets. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, known for their aggressive biting tendencies, are the primary carriers responsible for its transmission. A confluence of factors, including urbanisation, travel, and climate change, facilitates the swift dissemination of dengue. Now, let’s delve into the intricacies of dengue for a more in-depth understanding.
What is Dengue?
Dengue fever, pronounced ‘DENgee,’ is a debilitating and agonising illness transmitted by mosquitoes. Dengue is caused by any of the four closely linked dengue viruses, and these agents are connected to the ones accountable for yellow fever and West Nile infection. Globally, an estimated 400 million cases of dengue fever are reported annually, with around 96 million resulting in illness. Most instances occur in tropical regions, with the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Southern China, Taiwan, the Pacific Islands, Mexico, and Africa facing the highest risk.
The transmission of dengue illness occurs through the bite of an Aedes mosquito carrying the dengue virus. It becomes infected when this mosquito bites a person whose blood contains the dengue virus. The virus cannot be transmitted directly from one individual to another.
Symptoms of Dengue
The indicators of dengue typically manifest within the initial one or two days of infection. Some of the dengue symptoms include:
- Sudden high fever
- Severe headaches
- Pain behind the eyes
- Severe stomach pain
- Painful joint and muscle pain
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Continuous vomiting
- Skin rash emerging between two to five days after the fever begins
- Bleeding from the gums or nose
- Subcutaneous bleeding resembling bruising
- Laboured or rapid breathing
- Blood in urine, stool, or vomit
Sometimes, dengue fever symptoms may be mild, resembling the flu or another viral infection. Younger individuals and those experiencing the disease for the first time often exhibit milder cases than older children and adults. Nevertheless, severe complications can arise, including dengue haemorrhagic fever, an unusual condition marked by elevated body temperature, harm to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and a breakdown of the circulatory system. These symptoms may progress to severe bleeding, shock, and potential fatality, known as dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Prompt recognition of these signs is crucial for timely medical intervention, mitigating the disease’s severity and averting dire consequences.
Diagnosis of Dengue
Given the similarity of early symptoms to other febrile illnesses, a precise diagnosis requires laboratory tests. The most common method involves detecting the virus’s genetic material or specific antibodies in the patient’s blood. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are pivotal in confirming dengue infections.
Treatment of Dengue
No specific antiviral exists for dengue fever treatment; management primarily focuses on supportive care. Patients are advised to stay hydrated to counteract the fluid loss associated with fever and potential bleeding.
Pain relievers such as acetaminophen are recommended for dengue treatment over non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate symptoms without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. In severe cases where complications like dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome arise, hospitalisation becomes essential.
How can Dengue be Prevented?
Preventing bites from infected mosquitoes is the most effective method to ward off the disease. This involves personal protection measures and initiatives to control mosquito populations.
To safeguard oneself:
- Apply mosquito repellents, even indoors.
- Wear long sleeves and pants, and tuck pants into socks when outdoors.
- Utilise air conditioning when indoors, if possible.
- Ensure secure, hole-free window and door screens. In unscreened or non-air-conditioned sleeping areas, use mosquito nets.
- Consult a healthcare professional if you observe symptoms of dengue.
Conclusion
This comprehensive blog equips readers with vital information on dengue, encompassing its causes, symptoms, prevention, and healthcare measures. Understanding the significance of early detection and adopting preventive strategies is crucial in mitigating the impact of this widespread disease. As dengue remains a global health concern, the knowledge shared here is a valuable tool for individuals to protect themselves and their communities. Having adequate health insurance coverage becomes essential, as it provides financial protection during dengue treatment and hospitalization. By staying informed and proactive, one can contribute to the collective effort to manage dengue effectively, emphasising the importance of public health awareness and individual responsibility in this challenging health issue.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.