News alerts warn of another influenza (flu) outbreak every year during the monsoon and winter months. While flu season is an expected part of the yearly cycle, the impacts of influenza should not be underestimated. From reducing our well-being as workplace and school absenteeism increases to overburdening healthcare systems already stretched thin, the flu virus certainly doesn’t stop disrupting our lives. However, we gain power over this disease by acquiring knowledge about prevention, symptoms, and treatment. So today, we will provide an overview of everything you need to know about influenza.
What is Influenza?
So, what is influenza? It is an infection caused by the influenza virus. It primarily targets the nose, throat, and lungs, which are important respiratory system parts. The influenza virus is categorised into types A, B, and, less commonly, C, with A and B being the main contributors to seasonal flu outbreaks in humans. Influenza typically causes high body temperature, cough, chills, and fatigue. While most cases resolve on their own, influenza can cause complications if not adequately addressed, especially in vulnerable people, making it very important to understand this illness better.
Symptoms of Influenza
You may find that the common cold and flu have distinct characteristics. However, colds usually have a gradual onset, while the flu has a quicker impact. Though both can be unpleasant, the flu is typically more severe. Common influenza symptoms include high fever, muscle pain, chills, and sweats. Apart from this, an influenza infection may also cause:
- Coughing and a sore throat
- Weakness
- Headaches
- Runny or clogged nose
- Shortness of breath
- Gastrointestinal issues like vomiting and diarrhoea (more common in children)
- Eye discomfort
Causes of Influenza
So, what causes influenza? It is brought on by the influenza viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family and can undergo rapid genetic changes. The virus can spread via the air when infected individuals cough or sneeze or by touching a virus-contaminated surface and then touching your nose or mouth. Additionally, lifestyle habits such as a poor diet, lack of exercise, and stress can weaken the body’s immune system, making it more vulnerable to disease and infections like the flu. Children usually get impacted more frequently than adults due to negligence of hygiene and being in close contact with other kids. It’s important to wash our hands regularly, particularly before consuming food in public.
Diagnosis of Influenza
A healthcare professional can assess your health with a physical examination. They will carefully assess your condition, checking for common flu symptoms. If necessary, they may order a specialised test to detect influenza viruses.
During widespread flu outbreaks, testing may not be required. In such cases, your healthcare team will rely on your symptoms to make a diagnosis.
In certain situations, your healthcare professional may recommend testing for influenza. There are various tests available to diagnose the flu accurately. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test is gaining popularity in hospitals and labs. It can be done conveniently at your healthcare professional’s office or hospital. This test is particularly sensitive and capable of identifying specific influenza strains.
Interestingly, you can now get tested for both flu and COVID-19. It’s important to note that it’s possible to have both illnesses simultaneously.
Treatment of Influenza
The treatment of influenza primarily focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing complications. In most cases, individuals with the flu recover with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter (OTC) medications to manage symptoms like fever and pain. However, antiviral medications may be prescribed for severe infections or individuals at higher risk of complications. Common antivirals include oseltamivir and zanamivir. These medications work by inhibiting the replication of the influenza virus, potentially reducing the duration of illness and the risk of complications. For optimal effectiveness, early initiation of antiviral treatment is essential, ideally within the first 48 hours of symptom onset.
In severe cases, doctors may prescribe intravenous antiviral medications like peramivir. While antivirals can be beneficial, they may cause side effects such as nausea and vomiting. As with any medical intervention, treatment decisions should always be made after consultation with healthcare professionals based on individual circumstances and risk factors.
Risk Factors Associated With Influenza
People who are at an increased risk of getting the flu are those who:
- People who live or work in facilities with a high population density, such as nursing homes, schools, or hospitals, are more susceptible to getting the flu.
- Influenza tends to have a worse impact on young kids, especially those aged 12 months or younger. Adults over the age of 65 also are similarly impacted.
- People with a weak immune system caused by other illnesses like HIV/AIDS or medical treatments for cancers and organ transplants may be more severely affected by influenza.
- Overweight individuals have a higher risk of getting complications from the flu.
- Individuals who are battling illnesses such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, and liver disease tend to develop more severe forms of the flu.
- People with both influenza and COVID-19 simultaneously may be more susceptible to getting the flu.
- Women who are pregnant, planning to be pregnant, or have recently given birth during flu season are also very susceptible to catching the flu.
How Can Influenza Be Prevented?
You can’t always prevent influenza from affecting you, but you can follow certain precautions:
- The flu vaccine is very effective against the flu. It is advised for everyone above the age of 6 months. Consider vaccination before travel, especially to regions with higher flu activity.
- Practice regular handwashing with soap and clean water, or use hand sanitisers.
- When coughing or sneezing, place a handkerchief or tissue over your nose and mouth.
- Reduce contact with individuals exhibiting flu symptoms.
- Wipe down, clean, and disinfect surfaces and objects that are touched by others frequently.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle by incorporating a well-balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
- Healthcare professionals should adhere to infection control measures in healthcare settings.
- Pregnant individuals are encouraged to get vaccinated to protect themselves and their newborns.
- Individuals at high risk of complications may be prescribed antiviral medications for prevention in certain situations.
- In crowded or high-risk settings, wearing face masks can reduce the risk of virus transmission.
- Seek medical attention promptly if flu symptoms arise, especially for high-risk individuals.
Conclusion
Understanding influenza’s meaning is essential as it is a widespread respiratory infection with the potential for severe complications. Annual vaccination, good hygiene practices, and prompt medical attention contribute to effective prevention and management. And even if you do get sick with the flu, remember that rest, hydration, and seeking medical attention if necessary are key to recovering quickly. Having access to healthcare through insurance can support timely treatment and preventive care, ensuring peace of mind during flu season.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.