The Air Quality Index (AQI) helps measure the concentration of harmful pollutants in the air, indicating whether the air is safe to breathe. High levels of pollutants can lead to serious health problems, including respiratory diseases, weakened immunity and heart conditions.
Understanding the major pollutants measured in AQI is crucial for taking the right precautions. Read on to discover the key AQI pollutants you should be aware of.
Major pollutants
Some major air pollutants are particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. These pollutants originate from various sources and can have harmful effects on human health.
- Particulate matter (PM10 & PM5): Tiny airborne particles that come from sources like dust, smoke, soot, construction activities and fires. PM10 has particles with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less, while PM2.5 includes finer particles of 2.5 micrometres or less. These may penetrate the lungs, causing respiratory diseases, heart problems and long-term lung damage.
- Ozone (O3): A harmful gas formed when pollutants react with sunlight. It is a component of smog and may cause lung irritation, breathing difficulties and chest pain.
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): A gas mainly produced from vehicle emissions and industrial processes. NO2 contributes to respiratory illnesses, weakens lung function, and plays a role in the formation of ozone and fine particulate matter.
- Carbon monoxide (CO): A colourless, odourless gas released from the incomplete combustion of fuels like petrol, coal and wood.
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2): A gas emitted from burning fossil fuels, SO2 can cause throat irritation, respiratory issues and contribute to acid rain, which harms ecosystems and buildings.
Conclusion
Breathing polluted air can have health consequences, especially for children, the elderly and people with pre-existing conditions. Additionally, long-term exposure to AQI pollutants increases the risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems and weakens immunity. Medical expenses for treating such illnesses can be high.
An appropriate health insurance for family provides access to quality healthcare that covers medical expenses related to air pollution-induced diseases like asthma, lung infections and heart conditions. Health insurance also provides coverage during other medical events, ensuring peace of mind and financial security.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.