A medical condition that can become fatal, pulmonary embolism (PE), involves the movement of a thrombus (blood clot) and the blockage it causes in one or more arteries in the lungs. Such a clot usually originates in the deep veins of the legs and gets carried to the lungs. Any symptoms of pulmonary embolism need immediate professional attention. Given the difficulty of a PE diagnosis, a thorough physical examination is necessary.
Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Numerous tests are conducted for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The tests include:
- Chest X-ray to detect heart and lung conditions for PE-like symptoms.
- Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan if getting contrast for a CT scan isn’t successful. A V/Q is a nuclear scan for detecting clots in the lungs.
- Pulmonary angiogram to detect blood clots in the lungs.
- Computed tomography (CT) angiogram, which is a special type of X-ray that uses contrast to analyse blood vessels.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially for pregnant women and those who cannot tolerate the contrast required in other imaging tests.
- Duplex ultrasound (US) is a leg ultrasound that helps identify the blood clot or deep vein thrombosis, which can move upward to the lungs and turn into PE. Ultrasound helps measure blood flow.
- D-Dimer blood tests to help detect clot formation in the blood.
Besides the tests mentioned above, an electrocardiogram, which helps record heart activity, is also usually conducted when diagnosing PE. An ECG can assess any elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries.
Conclusion
Blood clot formation in any part of the body can prove to be life-threatening in the long run. PE is a cardiovascular disease caused by blood clots in the pulmonary arteries. Approaching the right facility that can provide a timely diagnosis ensures proper treatment. Besides, obtaining a pocket-friendly health insurance policy is highly recommended as most insurance companies cover PE. Ensure you understand the extent of coverage before you finalise your health insurance plan.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.