The Bordetella pertussis bacteria cause pertussis, which leads to uncontrollable coughing fits that make breathing difficult. While anyone can catch it, infants and young children are the most vulnerable to its profound effects.
Knowing what pertussis causes and how it spreads is necessary for preventing the disease and timely treatment. Here is everything you need to know about the causes of whooping cough to protect yourself and your loved ones.
What are pertussis causes?
The Bordetella pertussis bacteria cause whooping cough. The virus spreads easily through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching infected objects.
Once the bacteria enter your airways, they release toxins that damage tiny hair-like structures in your lungs. This makes it harder to clear out debris and causes inflammation, which results in a persistent dry cough, a signature symptom of whooping cough.
1. Person-to-person transmission
Whooping cough spreads through airborne droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The bacteria can be inhaled by people nearby, leading to new infections. Close contact with an infected individual increases the likelihood of transmission.
2. Weakened or waning immunity
- Vaccine-induced immunity: Although vaccination provides strong protection, immunity declines over time, typically after 5–10 years. This means that teenagers and adults vaccinated as children can become susceptible again, potentially spreading the infection to infants who are not fully immunised.
- Natural immunity: People who have had pertussis before may develop some immunity, but it is not lifelong, and reinfection can occur.
3. Lack of vaccination
Infants and young children who have not been fully vaccinated are at the highest risk of extreme illness. The DTaP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) is given in a series of shots starting at 2 months old, but complete protection is not achieved until several doses have been administered. Unvaccinated individuals are significantly more likely to contract and spread the disease.
4. High-risk environments
Whooping cough spreads more easily in:
- Schools & daycare centres: Children who interact closely can easily pass the infection.
- Hospitals & nursing homes: Vulnerable individuals, including newborns and older people, are at higher risk of complications.
- Public transport & workplaces: Enclosed spaces with frequent person-to-person interaction increase the chance of airborne transmission.
Conclusion:
Whooping cough is more than just a persistent cough. It is an acute respiratory disease that can easily lead to complications, especially among infants and younger children. Comprehending pertussis causes and how it spreads is fundamental to prevention and early treatment.
Since medical emergencies can arise unexpectedly and medical bills can quickly add up, medical insurance can ease the financial burden of medications and hospital stays. By prioritising vaccination, practising good hygiene, and ensuring that you have the proper medical coverage, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the impact of pertussis.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.