Updated on - 11 Feb 2026
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but unexpected situations can arise that require medical attention. One such condition is premature rupture of membranes (PROM). This occurs when the protective layer, called the amniotic sac, around the baby breaks before the 37th week of pregnancy.
PROM can be a cause of concern since it poses risks for both the mother and the infant if not treated promptly. Understanding what PROM is, why it occurs and how to proceed can make expectant parents better prepared and less anxious during this time.
What is premature rupture of membranes?
The baby in the womb develops in a bag of fluid called the amniotic sac. This sac protects the baby and makes the pregnancy safe. Usually, this sac ruptures on its own during the onset of labour or “water-breaking.”
If the sac ruptures before labour begins, it is referred to as premature rupture of membranes (PROM). It is a sudden gush or slow fluid leak from the vagina. This fluid is clear or pale yellow; some women may even mistake it for urine. If you notice fluid leaking, seeing a doctor immediately is essential.
- When it occurs after 37 weeks, physicians refer to it as premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
- When it occurs before 37 weeks, it is referred to as preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
PROM is not uncommon. Research indicates that approximately 8 to 10 out of every 100 pregnancies could develop it. PPROM is less frequent, but it is a major cause of preterm deliveries.
What causes premature rupture of membranes?
There is no single cause for PROM, but some factors can increase its chances. These include:
- Infections: Bacterial infections in the vagina or uterus can weaken the membranes.
- Previous PROM: If a woman had PROM in an earlier pregnancy, she may be at a higher risk of having it again.
- Multiple pregnancies: Carrying twins or more can put extra pressure on the membranes.
- Smoking: Smoking during pregnancy leads to a higher risk of PROM.
- Excess amniotic fluid: Too much fluid can stretch the sac, making it more likely to break.
- Cervical issues: A short cervix may lead to early rupture.
It is also worth mentioning that although physicians are able to recognise risk factors, PROM can happen unexpectedly in normal pregnancies as well.
Risks of premature rupture of membranes
When the water sac ruptures before labour, it presents problems for both mother and infant. Some of the primary risks are:
- Early delivery: As soon as the sac ruptures, labour usually begins quickly. In the cases of PPROM, this can result in premature birth.
- Infections: The ruptured sac provides an opening for bacteria to pass through, which may develop a severe illness known as chorioamnionitis. This is risky to both mother and baby.
- Placental abruption: The placenta can detach from the uterus prematurely in some instances, and it causes severe bleeding.
- Umbilical cord problems: The umbilical cord can become compressed, restricting oxygen flow to the body.
- Higher risk of C-section: Certain PROM pregnancies need caesarean delivery for protection.
Role of health insurance in premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
Medical emergencies during pregnancy, like PROM, not only create emotional strain but also a financial burden. Hospitalisation, multiple checkups and potential early delivery all add to the increasing cost. In some cases, where the baby is born too early, neonatal intensive care (NICU) may also be required, raising the expenses.
This is where a health insurance policy turns out to be crucial. Health insurance offers financial safeguard by paying for medical expenses, such as hospitals, diagnostic procedures and treatments, as per the inclusions. Under the policy, you can opt for different covers such as an individual health insurance plan, a family floater or a critical illness cover, according to your medical needs.
For pregnancy-related cases, a maternity health insurance cover is beneficial. It typically includes delivery charges, consultation with doctors, diagnostic tests and even newborn care for a short period. This way, families are not left with unexpected bills and can remain concerned with the well-being of the mother and the child.
Conclusion
PROM (premature rupture of membranes) refers to the amniotic sac breaking prior to the onset of labour. It can occur close to term or before 37 weeks. It can increase risks such as infection, preterm birth, umbilical cord complications and the need for a caesarean delivery, so seeking prompt medical care is important.
Since timely care is essential, having a reliable maternity health insurance plan can provide peace of mind by covering treatment costs and hospital bills. For guidance on choosing the right plan, fill out the form provided on this page.
FAQs
1. Is premature rupture of membranes the same as going into labour?
No, they are distinct. PROM occurs when the water sac ruptures, but contractions have not begun. Labour can follow shortly thereafter, yet PROM is not labour.
2. Will stress or physical activity trigger PROM?
Normal daily activities and moderate stress are unlikely to trigger PROM. However, severe stress, infections and certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking, can increase the risk.
3. What should I not do after PROM develops?
Physicians usually instruct the avoidance of sexual intercourse, strenuous physical activity and anything else that could raise the risk of infection until delivery is scheduled or treatment is finished.
4. How soon does labour begin after PROM?
For most women, labour begins in 24 hours or less following PROM at term. In preterm PROM (less than 37 weeks’ gestation), labour can take longer or be induced based on health considerations.
5. Does having PROM once mean it will happen again in the next pregnancy?
Not always. While a history of PROM can increase the chances, many women go on to have healthy pregnancies without it. Regular prenatal care helps reduce risks in future pregnancies.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.