The birth of a baby is a joyous occasion. However, it’s considered preterm when a baby is born before completing 37 weeks of pregnancy. Premature newborn complications can pose significant health risks. This is because such infants have underdeveloped organs and require specialised medical care. Understanding the short-term and long-term complications of premature infants is crucial for parents and caregivers to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Short-term complications
Short-term complications may include:
Due to immature lungs, preterm infants may struggle to breathe. They may require supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation to support their respiratory function.
Premature babies can experience heart issues like patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and low blood pressure. PDA occurs when an opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery, which should close after birth, remains open.
Many premature newborn complications include jaundice. It's a condition where the baby's skin and eyes turn yellow due to an underdeveloped liver.
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Problem with immune system
Premature babies often have underdeveloped immune systems. This makes them vulnerable to infections. Since their bodies are not fully equipped to fight off germs, they face a higher risk of falling ill. If an infection occurs, it can rapidly enter the bloodstream. This could potentially lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition.
Long-term complications
While many preterm complications resolve with time, some can lead to lifelong health challenges. These include:
Cerebral palsy is one of the most concerning premature birth complications. It’s a neurological disorder affecting movement, posture and muscle coordination.
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Vision and hearing problems
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a long-term premature birth complication that affects the eyes and can lead to blindness if untreated. Hearing impairments are also common among preterm infants.
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Developmental and learning delays
Complications of prematurity can impact cognitive and motor skills. Many preterm babies require early intervention therapies to help them reach developmental milestones.
Babies born prematurely may have a higher chance of experiencing issues with the enamel. The enamel is the tough outer layer of their teeth. Those born very early or extremely early might also face delays in tooth development.
Preterm infants are more vulnerable to infections due to an underdeveloped immune system. Frequent medical check-ups and vaccinations are essential to protect them from serious illnesses.
Conclusion
Preterm infant complications can be overwhelming for parents. However, advancements in neonatal care, the survival and quality of life for these babies have significantly improved. Early medical intervention and supportive care play a vital role in managing premature infant complications.
Additionally, securing maternity health insurance can help cover the costs associated with neonatal care and ongoing medical needs. By staying informed and working closely with healthcare professionals, parents can provide the best possible care for their premature newborn and ensure a healthier future.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.