A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blockage obstructs the arteries of the lungs. The most common cause of these blood clots is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which affects the legs’ veins. People with this condition face an increased risk of suffering a pulmonary embolism. Read on to learn more about the various pulmonary embolism risk factors.
Risk factors of pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism risk factors can be either genetic or acquired.
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Genetic factors
- Coagulation disorders, wherein blood clots form unnecessarily due to an imbalance between anticoagulant and procoagulant factors. Genetic mutations can also increase the incidence of blood clots in the legs and lungs.
- Myeloproliferative disorder, wherein bone marrow produces excessive white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. It causes hypercoagulability, increasing the occurrence of blood clotting.
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) occurs due to genetic mutations in the blood stem cells linked to the X chromosome. With this condition, the immune system starts self-destructing RBCs.
- Congenital heart ailments
- Neurological impairment
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Acquired factor
- Varicose veins, a condition commonly marked by enlarged veins in the legs.
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- Pregnancy causes reduced blood flow to the legs due to the foetus putting pressure on the pelvic veins. Late pregnancy and C-section delivery are identified as major PE risk factors.
- Inflammatory bowel syndrome
- Hormone replacement therapies
- Nephrotic syndrome is an ailment in which the kidneys separate excessive proteins from the blood. The protein responsible for preventing clotting is flushed through urine, increasing the likelihood of blood clots.
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Other factors
- Old age
- Smoking damages blood vessels and thickens blood, which ultimately impacts blood circulation.
- Extended bed rest after knee or hip replacement surgery
- Prolonged periods of inactivity, such as during air travel or long road journeys.
- Excessive estrogenic due to consumption of oral contraceptive pills
- Placement of a central venous catheter
- Frequent dialysis
Conclusion
If you suffer from some common PE risk factors, it may be beneficial to consult with your healthcare provider. It is wise to invest in a sustainable lifestyle and purchase comprehensive health insurance to combat health emergencies like pulmonary embolism.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.