The rubella virus (RV), transmitted via respiratory droplets, poses risks to the embryo during pregnancy, causing Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). CRS is globally underreported, with approximately 105,000 cases annually.
In the early stages of pregnancy, the rubivirus has the most significant impact on a developing fetus due to the nascent immune system.
What are the symptoms of Congenital Rubella Syndrome?
The congenital rubella syndrome symptoms include:
- Cardiac issues
- Ocular complications, such as cataracts and glaucoma
- Cognitive impairments
- Stunted growth
- Below-average birth weight
- Delays in development
- Challenges in learning
- Hearing impairment
- Diabetes
- Enlargement of the liver and spleen
- Presence of skin lesions
- Occurrence of bleeding
Rubella in pregnant women can be characterised by an absence of symptoms or the presence of upper respiratory tract symptoms, mild fever, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy (particularly in the suboccipital and posterior auricular regions), and a maculopapular rash. Following this, joint symptoms may develop.
What causes Rubella Syndrome? The transmission of rubella from a pregnant woman to her unborn child can induce the syndrome.
During the first trimester, the rubivirus is most detrimental to a developing fetus, but the risk of harm from the mother's rubella infection decreases after the fourth month.
Conclusion
In summary, congenital rubella, acquired during pregnancy, can lead to a range of symptoms associated with Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Diagnosis involves serological tests and viral culture, with no specific treatment available. Routine vaccination remains a crucial preventive measure against congenital rubella symptoms and related complications. Health insurance can support vaccination costs and cover medical care for managing complications effectively.