Hepatitis B, stemming from the hepatitis B virus (HBV), presents as either a short-term (acute) infection, resolving in less than six months, or a chronic condition persisting beyond six months. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B face an increased risk of developing serious complications, including liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis, which involves permanent scarring of the liver.
Adults commonly experience recovery from hepatitis B, even in cases of severe symptoms. Conversely, a chronic infection, denoting a prolonged duration, is more frequently encountered in infants and children who contract hepatitis B.
Treatment of Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B therapy:
If an individual suspects exposure to the hepatitis B virus, reaching out to a medical professional promptly is crucial. Understanding one's vaccination history for hepatitis B is essential in such cases. The doctor will inquire about the timing and type of exposure to assess the situation accurately.
Within the first 24 hours of virus exposure, receiving an injection of immunoglobulin, an antibody, can be a preventive measure against hepatitis Receiving the hepatitis B vaccine concurrently is recommended for comprehensive protection, particularly if one hasn't been previously vaccinated.
Once contracted, hepatitis B has no cure, despite vaccination providing preventive measures against the disease. In the event of infection, taking specific precautions is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus. Health insurance can play a vital role in covering the costs associated with diagnosis, treatment and management of hepatitis B, ensuring individuals have access to necessary healthcare services.
Treating an acute hepatitis B infection:
If hepatitis B infection is acute—indicating a short-lived, self-resolving condition—Hepatitis B therapy may not be necessary. Instead, the recommended course of action will include rest, proper nutrition, ample fluids and careful monitoring while the body naturally fights off the infection. In more severe cases, antiviral drugs or hospitalisation may be required to avert complications.
Treatment protocol for chronic hepatitis B infection:
Managing chronic hepatitis B often involves a lifelong treatment plan. Factors such as the virus's effect on liver inflammation or cirrhosis, other infections like hepatitis C or HIV and immune system suppression due to medication or illness influence the decision to initiate the treatment. Treatment is essential for reducing the risk of liver disease and preventing the spread of the infection to others.
Managing chronic hepatitis B may involve a range of treatment options, such as:
- Antiviral medications like entecavir (Baraclude), tenofovir (Viread), lamivudine (Epivir), adefovir (Hepsera), and telbivudine are essential in fighting the hepatitis B virus and reducing liver damage. These medications are taken orally. The doctor might suggest a combination of two of these drugs or pairing one with interferon to enhance the overall treatment response.
- Interferon injections, particularly interferon alfa-2b (Intron A), mimic a naturally occurring infection-fighting substance in the body. This hepatitis B therapy is the best for young individuals who wish to avoid prolonged therapy or for women planning pregnancy. It is advisable for women undergoing interferon treatment to use contraception. However, doctors do not recommend its usage during pregnancy. Potential side effects of this hepatitis B therapy encompass nausea, vomiting, respiratory challenges and depression.
- In cases where hepatitis B has led to severe liver damage or end-stage liver disease, a liver transplant can be a potential life-saving option. This intricate procedure involves replacing the impaired liver with a healthy one. Most transplants use livers from deceased donors, with a minority sourced from living donors providing a portion of their livers.
Conclusion
When dealing with a hepatitis B diagnosis, we must take proactive steps for our well-being. Staying connected with our friends and family is key; remember, hepatitis B isn't easily spread in casual settings, so keeping those relationships strong is vital. Let's make our health a priority by eating well, staying active with regular exercise and ensuring we get enough rest. It might also be wise to get checked for hepatitis A and C and consider getting vaccinated for hepatitis A. Taking these steps can help us take charge of our health journey. Health insurance can provide coverage for vaccinations, regular check-ups, and treatments, supporting a proactive approach to managing hepatitis B.