When a blood clot gets wedged in the lungs, the blood flow to the lungs gets obstructed, resulting in a pulmonary embolism (PE). Read on to learn about the types of pulmonary embolism.
Types of Pulmonary Embolism
The types of pulmonary embolism are categorised based on symptoms, the location of the clot, and the hemodynamic stability. They are as follows:
Based on Symptoms:
- Acute PE: This is marked by a broad spectrum of symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. Common signs include shortness of breath, sharp chest pain, and blood-stained mucus.
- Sub-acute PE: In this pulmonary embolism type, the embolus develops gradually without significant symptoms. After 2 - 12 weeks, the visible signs are similar to that of acute PE. Anti-clotting drugs have reduced efficiency, causing a higher mortality than acute PE. There is a higher likelihood of developing pulmonary hypertension with sub-acute PE.
- Chronic PE: In chronic PE, blood clots attach to the pulmonary vessels, making dilution difficult even after thrombolytic therapy. It often co-occurs with acute PE, making timely diagnosis crucial. In some patients, chronic PE leads to the development of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH). In CTEPH, the blood clots scar the tissues in the arteries, causing blockages in large segments of the pulmonary artery.
Based on Location:
- Saddle PE: In this type, the blood clot is lodged in the main pulmonary artery, blocking the passage of blood to both lungs. It requires immediate intervention due to the sensitive location of the clot.
- Lobar PE: The clot hinders the blood flow in the lobar artery in this type of PE.
- Distal PE: This occurs when the clot travels into small branches of the arteries.
Based on Hemodynamic Stability:
- Hemodynamically unstable PE, or high-riskPE: This condition causes low blood pressure in patients, leading to obstructive shock if not treated immediately.
- Hemodynamically stable PE, or low-risk PE: This type results in mild-to-low blood pressure, which can be treated by administering fluids to the patient.
Conclusion
It is important to understand the types of pulmonary embolism to access effective treatment. Equip yourself with health insurance to ensure financial security in case you or your loved ones are diagnosed with pulmonary embolism.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.