Updated on 18 Nov 2025
Bacterial infection within the kidneys, urethra or bladder is referred to as urinary tract infections (UTI) or a urine infection. While children as well as men can also get infected, women suffer the most. Possible symptoms include pain while urinating, sudden urges to urinate, as well as having cloudy and strong-smelling urine. Depending on the severity, self-medication can be done. However, frequent cases would draw the need for physicians. Let’s take a closer look at the causes and treatment options.
Causes of a urine infection
A urinary tract infection develops when microorganisms enter the urinary system via the urethra. Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a UTI, including:
- Long-term urine retention
- Kidney stones
- Inadequate personal hygiene practices
- Dehydration or low water intake
- Weakened immune system
- Shorter urethra in women
- Bacterial introduction during sexual activity
- Urinary catheter usage
- Changes in the urinary tract linked with pregnancy
- Chronic illnesses, including diabetes
Treatment for a urine infection
Mild to severe cases of UTIs require specific urine infection treatment strategies.
Simple infections:
- Antibiotics: The primary treatment for simple UTIs involves antibiotics. Common choices include Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole, Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Cephalexin and Ceftriaxone. It is important to note that Fluoroquinolones, such as Ciprofloxacin, are not recommended for uncomplicated UTIs, given their potential risks.
- Duration: Although UTI symptoms generally improve within a few days, it is necessary to continue antibiotics for a week or more to ensure complete eradication of the infection. In cases of an uncomplicated UTI, especially in otherwise healthy individuals, a shorter course of antibiotics, typically 1-3 days, may be sufficient.
- Pain relief: Health care professionals may prescribe pain relievers alongside antibiotics to alleviate discomfort, such as burning sensations, during urination. This pain usually subsides shortly after the commencement of antibiotic treatment.
Frequent infections:
- Low-dose antibiotics: Long-term treatment with low-dose antibiotics extending for six months or more may be recommended for individuals experiencing frequent UTIs. This approach aims to reduce the recurrence of infections.
- Self-diagnosis: Some patients are advised to self-diagnose and treat when symptoms arise under the guidance of their health care professional. This strategy includes maintaining communication with healthcare professionals for proper management.
- Post-sexual activity: Taking a single dose of an antibiotic post-intercourse may be beneficial for those whose UTIs are associated with sexual activity. This is particularly helpful for reducing the likelihood of UTI recurrence in individuals who have identified a clear link between sexual activity and infections.
- Vaginal oestrogen therapy: Vaginal oestrogen therapy helps in maintaining the health of the urinary tract, which is often compromised after menopause from hormonal changes.
Severe infections:
- IV antibiotics: Severe UTI cases may necessitate intravenous (IV) antibiotics administered in a hospital setting. This approach is essential for managing high-severity infections.
Prevention of urine infection
The following are important strategies to prevent urine infections:
- Drink lots of water to flush out bacteria
- Refrain from retaining urine for long periods of time
- Empty the bladder completely when urinating
- Maintain personal hygiene
- Wipe after using the bathroom from front to back
- Wear cotton underwear and stay away from tight clothing
- To get rid of bacteria, urinate after having intercourse
- Avoid using perfumed soaps or sprays in the genital area
- Maintain a strong immune system by leading a healthy lifestyle
When to see a doctor for a urine infection
If burning pain, urgency or frequent urination lasts more than two days, see a doctor to rule out a urine infection. A doctor should be consulted if you see blood or if your urine becomes dark or cloudy. Fever, chills or pain in the back and sides may indicate kidney involvement and require immediate attention.
Men, children, those with recurrent infections or pregnant women should always get checked. In addition, expert guidance is necessary if over-the-counter medications or home remedies are ineffective.
Conclusion
Urinary tract infections are common, but with the right care, they can be managed effectively. Having health insurance ensures timely access to doctors, tests and treatment without added financial stress.
If you’re looking to safeguard your loved ones, family health insurance provides protection for every member, helping you focus on recovery and overall wellness. For personalised guidance, simply fill out the form on this page.
FAQs
-
What signs of a urinary tract infection are common?
The most common signs include lower abdominal pain, burning sensation when urinating, frequent urges to urinate and urine that is cloudy or has a strong smell.
-
Is it possible to get rid of a urine infection without using antibiotics?
Home treatments and hydration can be beneficial with very mild urine infections, but antibiotics are essential for anything that is greater than mild to avoid complications and recurrence.
-
Who is more susceptible to urinary tract infections?
Women, pregnant women, people with diabetes and anyone who has a weakened immune system, as well as people who use urinary catheters for some medical or biological reason, are at greater risk of urinary infections.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.