Updated on - 11 Feb 2026
Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). According to the World Health Organisation, over 500 million people globally are living with genital herpes and many don't even know they have it. That’s because the virus can stay dormant for long periods and doesn’t always cause obvious symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may involve painful sores, itching, or flu-like signs, which can be distressing. While there's no cure, antiviral medications can help manage outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission.
In this blog, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes and ways to live better with genital herpes.
What is genital herpes?
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection that causes herpetic sores. These sores are the main symptoms of genital herpes, painful blisters filled with fluid. They can break open and ooze fluid, thus spreading by skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by two types of viruses. The Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) usually spreads through saliva, forming cold sores in or around the mouth and face. In rare cases, HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes. The Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) usually spreads through sexual contact to cause genital herpes. In some cases, it can also cause cold sores. There is no cure for genital herpes, though there are some medicines to ease the symptoms and lower the risk of infection.
What causes genital herpes?
Genital herpes are of two types:
- HSV-1 usually leads to cold sores on the mouth, but it can cause genital herpes through oral sex.
- HSV-2 mainly causes genital herpes and is usually passed through sexual contact.
You can catch the virus via skin-to-skin contact with someone who has it, especially during sex (vaginal, oral, or anal). You can get it even if the other person doesn't have visible sores. Once you have the virus, it stays in your body. It can become active again from time to time.
What does genital herpes look like?
Genital herpes can look different from person to person. Some people might not notice anything at all. When symptoms do appear, they can include:
- Sores or small blisters around the genitals, anus, or thighs
- These blisters may break open and turn into painful ulcers
- Redness, itching or tingling in the area before the sores appear
- Scabs may form as the sores heal
Genital herpes symptoms
The symptoms of genital herpes vary depending on whether the infected individual is experiencing their first herpes outbreak or if it is a repeat. Recurring symptoms are usually milder than the first outbreak. Some people may experience only one or two outbreaks during their lifetime, while others may have to contend with four or five outbreaks in a year. Common genital herpes symptoms in men and women include:
- The appearance of small blisters that burst and leave red, open sores around the genitals and anus.
- Tingling, burning, or itching sensation around the genitals
- Pain while passing urine
- Unusual discharge
- Newly infected individuals can experience fever, body aches and swollen lymph nodes.
- Herpes-related sores are typically painful, and a person may further experience:
- Fever
- Body aches
- Sore throat in case of oral herpes
- Headache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Discharge from vagina
- Discharge from urethra
Conclusion
Genital herpes is an STI that can be uncomfortable, but with the right treatment and support, it’s possible to manage the condition and reduce the risk of spreading.
One key part of managing any health condition, including STIs, is having access to proper medical care. This is where health insurance plans can be really helpful. A good health insurance plan covers the costs of doctor visits, tests, medications and regular check-ups. Some plans may also include support for sexual health services, counselling, or specialist care if needed. For families, especially those caring for older adults, having medical insurance for parents ensures that your loved ones also have access to the care they need.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.