Endometrial cancer occurs in the uterus, which is the hollow, pear-shaped pelvic organ where the growth of cells begins in the layer of the uterus cell lining, called the endometrium. The general term that describes this disease is uterine sarcoma.
Endometrial cancer diagnosis can be done early because it develops symptoms like irregular vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, difficult or painful urination, and pain in the pelvic area. If detected early, this type of cancer in the uterus is highly treatable.
Diagnosis of endometrial cancer
During endometrial diagnosis, doctors will enquire about symptoms based on medical history and conduct a thorough physical exam. Gynecologic oncologists may use the following procedures to make a diagnosis:
Biopsy :
In this procedure, the surgical removal of tissue is done using a flexible tube that is put into the uterus to collect an endometrial tissue sample and sent to a pathologist to examine the growth of cancerous cells so that it cannot spread further to nearby organs. This endometrial biopsy procedure is done in a doctor's office.Pelvic exam :
In this examination, the doctor will insert a speculum into the vagina and widely open the legs to see the cervixand feel the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes for any lump. The doctor may ask for the Pap test in which they use a thin tool to scrape some cells from the uterus lining, and the sample scraping is sent to a pathology lab to check for cancer cell growth.Pap test :
This test involves a microscopic examination of cells collected from the lining of the uterus and cervix, used to detect abnormal changes in the growth of the cells.Transvaginal ultrasound(also called ultrasonography) :
This method uses high-energy sound waves to create echoes that form a picture of the uterus using a small transducer placed inside the vagina.Magnetic Resonance Imaging :
This effective technique uses magnets and radio waves to make pictures of the uterus.Computed Tomography (CT) scan :
This technique involves the use of powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures inside of our body scan.Hysteroscopy :
Hysteroscopy involves inserting a thin, long tube through the vagina and cervix to reach the uterus, which has a light and camera that provides detailed images of the uterus.Dilation and curettage (D & C) :
If the endometrial biopsy sample does not provide enough tissue and the biopsy indicates cancer, but the results aren't clear, then the D & C method is used to remove uterine tissue.
Conclusion
Uterine cancer includes endometrial and uterine sarcoma, the most common cancer affecting a person's reproductive system. With knowledge about uterine cancer causes and risk factors - anyone can make informed decisions about their health, as early detection is a key that can help the patient prevent the worsening of the condition. Also, health insurance can ensure an effective treatment.