The human heart has four chambers that regulate blood flow, separated by valves. One of these is the mitral valve between the left atrium (top chamber) and the left ventricle (bottom chamber). Its primary function is to ensure blood flows in one direction.
However, if the mitral valve fails to close properly, blood can leak backwards into the atrium, a condition known as Mitral Regurgitation (MR).
What is mitral regurgitation?
The mitral valve is designed to close tightly when the heart pumps blood. However, in mitral regurgitation (MR), the valve doesn’t close fully, allowing some blood to flow backwards into the left atrium. As a result, the heart must work harder to push blood forward.
MR can range from mild valve regurgitation—often with no noticeable symptoms—to severe cases where patients experience fatigue, shortness of breath, and leg swelling. If left untreated, severe MR can lead to serious complications, including heart failure and, in some cases, death.
Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
The causes of MR include:
- Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP): The valve's flaps (leaflets) become weak or stretched, preventing proper closure.
- Heart Attack: Damage to the heart muscles that support the mitral valve can impair its function.
- Rheumatic Fever: A past infection can cause scarring and thickening of the valve, leading to dysfunction.
- Ageing: Natural wear and tear over time can weaken the valve, making it less effective.
Symptoms of Mitral Regurgitation
Many symptoms of MR can resemble everyday stress and fatigue, making them easy to overlook. However, it’s important to monitor recurring symptoms, especially when they occur without physical exertion. Watch for the following signs:
- Shortness of breath during physical activity that doesn’t improve with rest.
- Persistent fatigue or weakness, even without exertion.
- Heart palpitations, such as a racing or irregular heartbeat, occurring without an obvious trigger.
- Swollen feet or ankles due to fluid buildup.
Conclusion
While some cases of MR may not require immediate intervention, monitoring symptoms and seeking medical advice early is crucial to preventing complications such as heart failure. Understanding the causes and symptoms empowers individuals to take proactive steps toward heart health.
For those diagnosed with MR, regular medical check-ups and appropriate treatment plans can significantly improve quality of life. Severe cases may need surgical intervention may be necessary to restore proper heart function. Since managing heart conditions can involve ongoing medical expenses, having a comprehensive health insurance policy can provide financial security and ensure access to essential treatments, consultations, and procedures.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.