Chemical burns can happen when your skin or eyes come into contact with harsh substances like strong acids, alkalis or industrial solvents. They can be mild or severe, depending on the substance and the duration of contact. Timely treatment is crucial to reduce long-term damage and prevent infections. In this blog, let’s explore what chemical burns are, how they show up, how to treat them and how to keep yourself and your loved ones safe.
What is chemical burn?
A chemical burn occurs when your skin, eyes, mouth or internal organs are damaged by coming into contact with a corrosive chemical. This could be due to an accident at home, in the workplace or even through exposure to certain household or industrial products.
Chemical burns differ from thermal burns, as they are caused by a reaction between the chemical and your body tissues, rather than from heat or flames. Depending on the intensity and how long the chemical stays on you, the burn may only affect the surface or get deeper into the layers of tissue.
What are the symptoms of a chemical burn?
Chemical burns don't all look or feel the same. Some may sneak up slowly, while others show their presence right away. Here are the most common signs to look out for:
- Redness, rash or irritation
- A burning pain or stinging sensation
- Blistering or skin peeling
- Unusual discolouration on the skin
- Numbness, a warning sign of deeper tissue damage
- If the eyes are involved: Blurry vision, tearing or intense discomfort
- If fumes or particles were inhaled: Coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness
Swallowed a chemical? That’s even more serious. You might experience nausea, vomiting, stomach pain or trouble swallowing — all signs that the burn is internal and needs urgent medical care.
What causes chemical burn?
Chemical burns can be caused by a variety of common substances that you might find at home, in workplaces or laboratories. These include:
- Powerful acids like sulphuric or hydrochloric acid
- Common household alkalis such as bleach or ammonia
- Paint thinners and solvents
- Pesticides used in gardening
- Drain cleaners and other aggressive detergents
- Even some tooth-whitening products packed with high concentrations of peroxide
You can come into contact with chemicals in industries, laboratories or when cleaning at home.
How to treat chemical burn
Time is critical when it comes to chemical burns. The quicker you act, the better the chances of limiting the damage.
Immediate steps – chemical burn first aid treatment
When dealing with a chemical injury, first aid for chemical burns can make a big difference in the outcome:
- Move the person away from the source of the chemical immediately
- Rinse the affected area gently with cool running water for at least 20 minutes, but avoid using a strong stream
- Take off any contaminated clothing — do it carefully and avoid spreading the chemical
- Protect yourself with gloves or other barriers before helping
- Never touch the chemical directly
- For eye exposure, flush continuously with clean water, holding the eyelids open
- Don’t apply ointments, oils, or home remedies unless a doctor has advised it
- Call for medical help right away — don’t delay
Professional care – chemical burns treatment
After providing first aid, professional medical care may be needed. A doctor might:
- Clean and disinfect the wound
- Apply topical antibiotic creams to prevent infection
- Prescribe pain relief medications
- Provide IV fluids if there's significant fluid loss
- In severe cases, suggest surgery to remove damaged tissue or graft skin
Hospitalisation may be necessary for burns that are large, deep or affect sensitive areas like the face or genitals.
Can chemical burn be prevented?
Yes, it all starts with being cautious and prepared:
- Always read product labels and follow instructions
- Keep chemicals locked away and out of children's reach
- Wear gloves, masks and goggles when using harsh substances
- Make sure your work area is well-ventilated
- Never mix chemicals unless you're specifically told it’s safe
- Dispose of chemicals properly, following safety rules
In workplaces, employers must ensure regular safety drills, training and provide access to protective gear. Having a group health insurance plan in place also offers peace of mind, helping cover medical costs in case of an accident.
Are there complications of chemical burn?
Yes, complications can occur, especially if treatment is delayed. Some of them include:
- Infections from open wounds
- Scarring or even permanent disfigurement
- Organ damage from inhalation or ingestion
- Vision loss, if the eyes are affected
- Emotional trauma, including anxiety or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in cases of severe injury
Severe burns can also lead to fluid loss and shock, which is a medical emergency. Regular follow-ups and rehabilitation may be required for recovery. In such cases, having a group insurance policy can be a financial lifesaver for families and employees alike.
Conclusion
Chemical burns are serious injuries that need quick and proper treatment. Whether the exposure is at home, at work or in public spaces, knowing how to provide first aid for chemical burns can significantly reduce the risk of complications.
While some burns can be minor, others might need long-term care and treatment. Always wear protective gear, read instructions and handle chemicals with care. In workplaces or group settings, having access to group health insurance or group insurance ensures that medical support is available without financial stress.
FAQs
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How long does a chemical burn take to heal?
Minor burns may heal within a few days to a week. Severe burns, depending on the depth and treatment, might take weeks or even months.
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Can I treat a chemical burn at home?
Only minor burns can be managed at home with proper chemical burn first aid treatment. Always seek medical advice if the burn is larger, deeper or involves sensitive areas
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Should I pop blisters from a chemical burn?
No, you should never pop blisters. Doing so can increase the risk of infection and worsen the wound.
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What should I avoid putting on a chemical burn?
Avoid butter, oils, toothpaste or other home remedies. Use water for rinsing and get professional help.
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Are chemical burns contagious?
No, chemical burns are not contagious. However, the chemical that caused the burn can still harm others, so handle with care.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. Please read the sales brochure / policy wordings carefully for detailed information about on risk factors, terms, conditions and exclusions. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.