Everything You Need to Know About Herpes

Herpes, also known as the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a complex infection affecting millions worldwide. This viral invader is skilled at causing blisters and ulcers, presenting the infected with great difficulties. It is primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact and has two forms—genital herpes, mainly caused by HSV-2, and oral herpes, characterised by HSV-1.

As we explore herpes’ meaning, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, it becomes clear that while treatments are available, a complete cure has not been found yet.

Therefore, understanding the intricacies of this condition is vital for management and prevention.

What is Genital Herpes?

Genital herpes is caused by the HSV 2 variant of the virus. It manifests as sores or ulcers in the genital and anal areas, causing significant physical and emotional challenges to those affected.

Genital herpes is surprisingly common, with 572,000 infections reported each year, according to data from the US-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This significant number highlights the importance of addressing and understanding the dynamics of this contagious infection.

Transmission of herpes occurs through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected individual. The virus can remain dormant in the body for long periods without showing symptoms. Having an understanding of the complexities of genital herpes is important in navigating its impact on individuals and society.

What is Oral Herpes?

This herpes variant is highly prevalent worldwide, with a significant portion of the population carrying the HSV 1 virus. According to estimates, over half the people worldwide are infected with HSV 1, making it a common viral presence that often goes unnoticed.

Oral herpes, caused by HSV 1, affects the mouth and face, leading to sores or fever blisters. The transmission typically occurs through contact with saliva or lesions of a person. This can happen through kissing, sharing utensils, or engaging in physical contact. After the outbreak, the herpes virus remains dormant in nerve cells and can periodically reactivate, resulting in recurrent outbreaks.

Symptoms of Herpes

Herpes symptoms can often include sensations such as itching, burning, or tingling before painful blisters or ulcers appear.

Symptoms of Genital Herpes 

• Many individuals experience itching, tingling, or burning sensations in their genital or anal area before the blisters appear.
• Genital herpes is characterised by the appearance of sores or ulcers in the anal areas. These sores can be small, red, and filled with fluid. 
• Some individuals may experience flu symptoms at the beginning of an outbreak, such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. 
• If the sores are located near the urethra, it may cause discomfort or pain during urination.
• In women, abnormal vaginal discharge may occur, while men may notice discharge from the penis. 
• Engaging in sexual activity during an outbreak can be uncomfortable or painful.

Symptoms of Oral Herpes 

• Oral herpes shares similarities with genital herpes as it often starts with tingling or itching sensations around the mouth. 
• The characteristic symptom is the development of blisters or sores filled with fluid around or inside the mouth and lips. These sores can be painful when eating, drinking, or speaking. 
• Swollen gums and a sore throat may also be experienced in some cases. 
• During the outbreak of oral herpes, flu-like symptoms, including fever, headache, and general discomfort, may arise.

It’s crucial to note that herpes can still be transmitted when there are no symptoms (asymptomatic shedding).

Diagnosis of Herpes

Now that we have read in some detail about what is herpes, let’s look at how it is diagnosed.

1. Physical Examination: Healthcare professionals visually inspect the affected area to identify symptoms such as sores, ulcers, or lesions. The location and appearance of these symptoms provide information for diagnosis.
2. Swab Tests: Healthcare providers may take a swab or scrape a sample from a sore or blister during an outbreak. This sample is then sent to a laboratory for testing to detect the presence of the herpes simplex virus.
3. Polymerase Chain Reaction Test: PCR is a test that amplifies and detects the material of the herpes virus. It is a method to confirm the diagnosis, especially if swab tests yield unclear results.
4. Blood Tests: These tests can identify antibodies the system produces in response to a herpes infection. Such tests, including the herpes simplex virus type-specific serologic test, help determine whether an individual has been infected with HSV 1 or 2.

Treatment of  Herpes

While there is no cure, herpes treatment involves managing the symptoms, reducing the outbreak frequency, and minimising transmission risks.

• Antiviral Medications
• Acyclovir: It’s a widely used medication that helps inhibit the replication of the herpes virus.
• Valacyclovir: This oral medication is converted into acyclovir in the body and has a lasting effect.
• Famciclovir: This is another antiviral option to manage symptoms and lower the frequency of outbreaks.

• Pain Relief

Your doctor may advise you to take over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate pain and discomfort during outbreaks.

• Topical Treatments: Applying creams or ointments on the sores containing agents such as acyclovir or penciclovir can help reduce the symptoms.

• Warm Bath: Bathing in warm water can relieve the pain and discomfort associated with genital herpes.

• Maintaining Hygiene: Keeping the affected area clean and dry is important to prevent bacterial infections and promote faster healing.

• Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding factors that trigger outbreaks, such as stress, fatigue, or specific foods, can help reduce the frequency of occurrence.

• Safe Sex Practices

Using condoms consistently and engaging in correct and natural intercourse can help lower the risk of transmitting herpes to partners.

Education and Counselling: Individuals diagnosed with herpes must be provided with information and counselling to address the aspects of the infection, tackle the stigma attached, and encourage communication with partners.

It’s worth noting that starting medications early during an outbreak maximises their effectiveness.

How Can Herpes Be Prevented?

Combining the measures described above, we can adopt an approach to minimise the risk of herpes transmission and promote overall sexual health.

• The most effective preventive measure is avoiding sexual contact.
• Using condoms correctly during sexual activity can reduce the risk of transmission.
• Discussing herpes status with partners helps make informed decisions.
• During outbreaks, avoiding kissing and engaging in physical contact activities is advisable.
• Regular testing for herpes allows individuals and their partners to know the condition’s status.
• Taking prescribed medications can decrease the frequency of outbreaks and lower the risk of transmission.
• Participating in educational programmes is beneficial for gaining awareness and knowledge about herpes.
• Implementing stress management techniques can help reduce the likelihood of outbreaks recurring.
• It’s important to avoid engaging in high-risk sexual behaviours to minimise exposure.

Conclusion

Herpes is a prevalent infection that has no known cure. It is important to understand the difference between genital and oral herpes, recognise the symptoms, and seek a timely diagnosis. Having health insurance can ease access to necessary medical care, ensuring timely diagnosis and effective management of herpes while reducing financial stress.

By adopting preventive measures such as safe sex and maintaining open communication with your partner, you can reduce the risk of transmission and lead healthier lives despite having herpes. It is also essential to visit a healthcare professional for regular checkups and follow the treatments for effective symptom management.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.