Bihar, one of India's most densely populated states, prioritises road safety by strictly enforcing the Motor Vehicles Act 1988. To ensure a smooth traffic flow and protect everyone on the roads, drivers must possess important documents, such as a bike or car insurance, a PUC, an RC book and a valid driving licence.

Driving in Bihar with an expired licence is a serious offence and may result in heavy fines. Suppose you're wondering about driving licence renewal in Patna or want to know how to renew driving licence in Bihar. In that case, this article will guide you through the necessary steps to ensure your licence remains up to date.

How can you renew driving licence online in Bihar?

Here are key steps on how to renew driving licence in Bihar online:

• Visit the official Parivahan
• Click on online services, then choose "Driving licence related service"
• Select "Bihar" from the state dropdown menu.
• Click on Apply for DL renewal.
• Please read the instructions thoroughly and then click "Continue." (If you are over 40, you can download Form 1a from here.)
• Enter your driver's licence number, date of birth and captcha.
• Click "Proceed" to verify your information, then select "Renewal Driving Licence" and "Generate Acknowledgement." Print the receipt.
• Visit your local RTO or Transport Department office with your original driver's licence, Form No. 9, three passport-size photos and the acknowledgement receipt.
• If you are above 40 years of age, submit Form 1a, a medical certificate duly signed by an Authorised Registered Medical Practitioner.
• Once you have paid the renewal fee, submit your application.

Steps to renew driving licence offline in Bihar

Here are the steps to follow to renew your driving licence offline:

• Visit the nearest RTO office that falls under the jurisdiction of your registered address.
• Ask for the renewal application form, called Form 9, or you can download the form from the Parivahan
• Fill out the form carefully.
• Attach copies of your expired driver's licence.
• If you are over 40, also include Form 1a and a medical certificate signed by an MBBS doctor.
• Attach two passport-size photos with your application.
• Include copies of your age proof and address proof.
• Pay the renewal fee at the RTO.
• After checking your documents, the RTO will mail you your renewed driver's licence.

Documents required and appointment process for DL renewal in Bihar

To renew a driver's licence in Bihar, you need to submit these documents:

• Online Application or Form 9
• Form 1-A Medical Certificate (required if you have a non-transport vehicle licence and are 40 years or older, or if you hold a valid transport vehicle licence)
• Passport-size photographs
• Form 1 (Self-declaration of physical fitness)
• Address proof and age proof.

You can easily book an online appointment for driving licence renewal in Bihar by following these steps:

• Go to the Parivahan
• On the homepage, click on 'Driving Licence Related Services' under the 'Online Services' menu.
• From the drop-down list of states, select 'Bihar'.
• In the 'Appointments' section, choose 'Slot Booking'.
• Then, select 'LL/DL Service Slot Booking'.
• Input your application number, birthdate and other necessary information.
• Fill in the captcha code displayed on your screen and click 'Submit'.
• Pick an available appointment slot and visit the RTO on the chosen date.

Driving licence renewal fee in Bihar

The cost to renew a driver's licence in Bihar is ₹200 if you apply within the grace period. If you renew your licence after the grace period has ended, the fee increases to ₹300. Additionally, if there is a delay in renewal, an extra ₹1,000 per year will be charged. If you decide to get a driver's licence via a smart card, there is an additional cost of ₹200 for this service

What is the grace period for renewing your DL in the state of Bihar?

In Bihar, a driving licence has a 30-day grace period after its expiration, during which you can renew it without extra fees. If you miss this period, you will have to pay additional charges.

How do you check the status of renewing your DL in Bihar?

Once you have applied for a driving licence in Bihar, the RTO typically takes around 30 days to process, verify and issue your licence. You just need to visit the official Parivahan website, select "Driving Licence Related Services" under "Online Services" and then choose Bihar as your desired state. After that, click 'Application Status', enter your birthdate, application number and captcha code and submit the information. The next page will show you the status of your application.

FAQs

1. What is the time period of a driving licence in Bihar?

Renewing your driver's licence is just as important as having one. After it is issued, the licence remains applicable for 20 years or until you are 50, whichever comes first.

2. What is the age limit for driving licence in Bihar?

The minimum age to get a driving licence in Bihar is 18 years for private vehicles and 20 years for commercial vehicles.

3. What are the important documents that a car driver must possess in Bihar?

You must possess a valid driving licence, the RC of the vehicle, PUC and comprehensive or third party car insurance.

Conclusion

Keeping your driving licence up to date is very important for every motorist in Bihar. The process of how to renew driving licence in Bihar is straightforward and can be done online or offline. Additionally, while ensuring your licence is valid, don't forget that having proper car insurance provides an added layer of security for you on the road. While third party car insurance is mandatory, it's equally important to have comprehensive car insurance for overall safety and peace of mind.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

According to the Motor Vehicles Act, every individual operating a vehicle must possess a valid driving licence. Since a driving licence comes with a limited validity period, it's important to renew it before expiry to avoid penalties and stay compliant with the law.

If you live in Andhra Pradesh and your driving licence is about to expire, read this blog to explore the online and offline procedures on how to renew driving licence in AP.

How you can renew driving licence online in Andhra Pradesh?

Follow these steps on how to renew driving licence online in Andhra Pradesh:

• Visit the official Parivahan RTO website to access online services.
• From the Online Services menu, choose "DL Related Services."
• Select Andhra Pradesh as your state and click on the option to apply for DL renewal.
• Click "Continue."
• Insert your driving licence number and date of birth in the required fields.
• Type in the captcha code and select "Get DL Details."
• Review your licence details, choose the relevant licence category, state and RTO, then click "Proceed."
• On the following page, pick "DL Renewal" as the service type and complete the online application form.
• Form 9 is required to be completed for a driving licence renewal.
• Upload the essential documents (Age Proof and Address Proof- An Aadhar card can be sufficient) and submit your application.
• Click "Generate Acknowledgement Receipt" and print the receipt.
• Take this acknowledgement receipt, your present original driving licence, duly filled Form 9, three copies of passport-size pictures and Form 1a (If you are above 40 years of age) to the RTO that falls under the jurisdiction of the address on your licence.
• Once the documents are verified, the driving licence will be mailed to your registered address.

Steps to renew driving licence offline in Andhra Pradesh

To renew your driving licence offline in Andhra Pradesh, you can follow the steps given below: 

• You can obtain Form 9 from the nearest RTO or download it from the official RTO website.
• Take the completed form, along with your three passport-size pictures and Form 1a, to the RTO that falls under the jurisdiction of the address on your licence.
• Submit the forms along with your Aadhar Card.
• Surrender your present licence.
• Make the payment and keep the acknowledgement receipt.
• Once your documents are verified, the driving licence will be delivered to your registered address.

Documents required and appointment process for DL renewal in Andhra Pradesh

When renewing your DL in Andhra Pradesh, keep the following documents ready:

• Your current Driving Licence
• Form 1 (Self-declaration confirming your physical fitness), 1A and Form 9
• Verification of address and age, like a birth certificate, Aadhaar card or Voter ID card
• Passport-sized photograph

Driving licence renewal fee in Andhra Pradesh

The standard renewal fee for a Driving Licence in AP is Rs. 200. If the renewal is done after the grace period, the fee increases to Rs. 300. Moreover, if the renewal occurs more than a year after the licence expiry, an extra charge of Rs. 1,000 per year is applicable.

What is the grace period for renewing your DL in the state of Andhra Pradesh?

In Andhra Pradesh, the grace period for renewing a driver's licence after it expires is 30 days. If you fail to renew within 30 days of the driver's licence (DL), you will be liable to pay an additional fee. And if you apply for renewal after 1 year of expiry of your driver's licence, then you will have to take a driving test.

How do you check the status of renewing your DL in Andhra Pradesh?

The Parivahan portal makes it simple to monitor the status of your driver's licence renewal. You just need to visit the Parivahan website and go to the 'Driving Licence Related Services' section under the 'Online Services' menu. Select your state from the dropdown list, then click the 'Application Status' tab. Enter your birthdate, application number and the captcha code provided. After submitting these details, you can view the current status of your application.

FAQs

1. What documents are needed for a Driving Licence renewal?

You will need your original Driving Licence, a filled renewal application form (Form 9), age and address proof, passport-size photographs and Form 1A, if applicable.

2. Can I renew my Driving Licence from a different state?

You should ideally renew your Driving Licence in the state where it was issued. If you've relocated, you may first need to apply for a change of address or transfer your licence before renewal.

3. Are there any special requirements for applicants above 40 years of age?

Applicants above 40 years must submit a medical certificate (Form 1A) along with their renewal application.

4. What are the important documents for a car driver?

A driver must possess a valid driving licence, the car's RC book and a car insurance policy.

Conclusion

If your licence is about to expire, knowing how to renew driving licence in Andhra Pradesh is important. While updating your licence, it's also a good time to review your car insurance policy. Third party car insurance is mandatory under Indian law, but opting for a comprehensive car insurance offers broader protection by covering damages to your vehicle as well as third-party liabilities.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.

Introduction

Driving during the winter brings its own set of challenges, with one of the most common and frustrating issues being a fogged-up windshield. When a windshield fogs up, it can quickly reduce visibility, making it difficult to see the road ahead and potentially creating a hazardous situation. This fogging effect is primarily due to a difference in temperature and humidity between the inside and outside of the vehicle. During winter, cold, dry air outside cools the windshield, while the warmer, humid air inside the car condenses upon contact with the cold glass. This combination leads to the rapid formation of fog, which can obscure your view and demand immediate attention.

A foggy windshield isn’t just an inconvenience; it’s a serious safety concern that can increase the risk of accidents, especially in challenging winter conditions. Learning how to remove fog from the windshield efficiently and effectively is essential for any driver. This guide explores why fogging occurs, the most effective methods to clear it, preventive steps to avoid fog build-up, and specific techniques to defog the windshield. By following these tips, you’ll be able to keep your windshield clear, ensuring safe and confident driving in winter weather.

Cause of Fogging During Winter

Fogging on the windshield during winter occurs due to condensation when warm, humid air inside the car meets the cold glass. This happens because the temperature difference between the warm interior and the cold exterior causes water vapour in the air to cool and turn into tiny droplets on the windshield, creating a foggy layer.

Several factors contribute to this fogging effect, such as —

• Temperature Disparity: Cold external air cools the windshield, while warm air inside condenses upon contact with the cold surface, resulting in fog.
• High Humidity Inside the Car: Each breath from passengers releases moisture, raising the humidity. Snow or rain brought inside by shoes and clothing adds further moisture.
• Lack of Ventilation: When the car is sealed tightly to keep out the cold, the interior air becomes trapped, building up humidity. Without proper ventilation, this moisture-laden air lingers inside, leading to condensation.
• Rapid Temperature Changes: Quickly raising the heat after entering a cold car can shock the windshield with warm, moist air, leading to sudden fogging.

This mix of cold glass, trapped moisture, and lack of airflow creates ideal conditions for fogging, which compromises visibility and driving safety. Understanding the root cause of fogging can help you apply the most effective methods to defog your windshield while driving.

Methods to Clear Fog

There are several methods to clear fog from your windshield, ensuring safe driving during winter, such as —

• Use the Defrost Setting: The defrost setting on your vehicle’s HVAC system blows warm air onto the windshield, equalising the glass temperature with the interior, thereby reducing fog.
• Turn on the Air Conditioner: Although it might seem counterintuitive, turning on the AC helps remove moisture from the air. This dries out the air circulating inside, preventing condensation.
• Adjust the Temperature Gradually: Rapid temperature changes can worsen fogging, so gradually adjust the temperature to warm up the cabin slowly.
• Keep the Windows Slightly Open: Cracking a window allows humid air to escape, preventing fog from forming on the windshield.
• Apply an Anti-Fog Spray: Applying anti-fog sprays on the interior windshield surface can also prevent condensation from forming.

Using these methods can provide relief and improve visibility, helping you drive safely in winter conditions.

Preventive Measures

Prevention is key when it comes to keeping your windshield clear. Here are a few effective measures to consider —

• Clean Your Windshield Regularly: Dirt and grime can trap moisture, making fogging more likely. Regular cleaning ensures the windshield stays clear and fog-free.
• Use Silica Gel Packs: Place a few silica gel packs on your dashboard to absorb moisture. These packs are highly effective at keeping the air inside the car dry.
• Keep Floor Mats Dry: Snow and rain can leave floor mats damp, increasing humidity in the cabin. Shake off or dry mats before getting in, especially during snowy weather.
• Opt for an Anti-Fog Product: Applying an anti-fog solution before winter begins can create a layer on the windshield that reduces condensation, preventing fog formation.
• Avoid Overloading Heating Devices: Using heaters excessively can increase cabin humidity, leading to more fog. Control heating levels to maintain a comfortable and safe environment.

Incorporating these preventive measures ensures a safer driving experience and can minimise the need to remove fog from your windshield while driving.

Tips to Defog the Windshield from the Inside

Removing fog from the inside of the windshield requires a few simple adjustments, such as

• Direct Warm Air to the Windshield: Use the defrost or heater vents to direct warm air toward the windshield. This equalises the interior temperature, clearing the fog.
• Turn Off Recirculation Mode: Fresh air circulation is crucial for reducing interior moisture levels. Switching off recirculation mode ensures a steady inflow of drier outside air, which prevents fogging.
• Use Dehumidifying Products: Specialised car dehumidifiers or products like silica packs absorb moisture effectively, keeping the air inside the vehicle drier.
• Keep Windows Slightly Open: Cracking the windows just a bit allows humid air to escape, which minimises fogging on the inside.
• Wipe with a Microfiber Cloth: If the fogging is severe, gently wiping the inside with a microfiber cloth will clear the condensation quickly. Microfiber absorbs moisture without leaving streaks.

Following these tips can effectively reduce or eliminate fog on the inside, giving you clear visibility and improving your safety on the road.

Tips to Defog the Windshield from the Outside

Fogging on the outside of the windshield is also common in winter. Here’s how to handle it 

• Use Windshield Wipers: When condensation forms outside, simply activating your windshield wipers can quickly remove the moisture.
• Apply a Water-Repellent Coating: Specialised water-repellent products create a barrier that prevents fog and condensation from sticking to the windshield’s surface.
• Turn on the Defroster or Heater: Gradually warming the windshield helps remove fog outside, especially during icy conditions.
• Remove Ice and Snow First: Ice and snow can contribute to exterior fogging. Before driving, clear the windshield completely to prevent fog from forming as the ice melts.
• Avoid Using Hot Water: While it might seem like a quick fix, pouring hot water on a cold windshield can cause cracks. Instead, use de-icing sprays or wait until the defroster has warmed the glass.

Applying these methods will help maintain clear visibility from the outside, reducing potential distractions or hazards during winter driving.

Conclusion

Knowing how to remove fog from the windshield is a valuable skill for every driver, particularly during winter when visibility is often compromised. Fogging on the windshield can obscure your view, leading to unsafe driving conditions. By understanding the causes of windshield fogging and implementing the tips to defog from both the inside and outside, you can ensure a clear and safe drive. Additionally, practising preventive measures, such as keeping the car interior dry and regularly cleaning the windshield, reduces the likelihood of fog formation. Whether using car insurance to protect against accidents or simply looking to drive safely, defogging your windshield is an essential part of car maintenance during winter.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

The Indian market for cars that cost less than 10 lakh rupees is very competitive, with companies always trying to improve performance and value. If you're a speed fan on a budget, a few choices will give you great power and driving qualities without breaking the bank. Let's look at the fastest car in India under 10 lakhs rupees and see what makes each unique besides its specs.

List of fastest car in India under 10 lakhs

Here's the list of fastest car under 10 lakhs in India:

1. Hyundai Grand i10 Nios

The Hyundai Grand i10 Nios shows that even small cars can be exciting. Beyond its speed qualities, the Grand i10 Nios stands out for its quick handling and well-calibrated driving. Despite its small size, the car feels grounded in corners, sparking trust even when pushing through tight roads. Its small size makes it perfect for crossing crowded city streets while giving enough room for four adults.

• Engine: 1197 cc
• Mileage: 16 - 18 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 9.82 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 5.98 - 8.62 lakh (approx.)

2. Skoda Kylaq

The Skoda Kylaq brings European technical ideas to the sub-10 lakh market. Its steady, planted feel on the road distinguishes it—a trait usually associated with more expensive European cars. Kylaq also benefits from Skoda's reputation for build quality and attention to detail. The careful interior design improves the total ownership experience.

• Engine: 999 cc
• Mileage: 19.68 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 11 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 7.89 - 14.40 lakh (approx.)

3. Kia Syros

The Syros stands out because of its advanced driving mechanics. It also impresses with its upmarket cabin with soft-touch materials and a smart entertainment system. Combined with its spacious trunk and soft seats, the Syros offers a quality experience that makes it feel like a car from the category above. The Syros provides excellent value to buyers who want speed, comfort and luxury features.

• Engine: 1493 cc
• Mileage: 20.75 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 11.6 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 9 - 17.80 lakh (approx.)

4. Nissan Magnite

The Nissan Magnite blends the convenience of its body style with exciting speed that exceeds expectations for its affordable price. Its light turning and small dimensions make it exceptionally mobile in urban settings. It gives the commanding driving position and road presence of an SUV while keeping the efficiency and handling traits of a smaller vehicle. For those who want the flexibility of an SUV without losing speed or fuel economy, the Magnite offers great value.

• Engine: 999 cc
• Mileage: 19.9 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 10.28 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 6.14 - 11.76 lakh (approx.)

5. Hyundai i20 N-Line

The Hyundai i20 N-Line is the closest to a hot hatchback in the sub-10 lakh market. What sets the i20 N-Line apart is its focus on driver engagement. The i20 N-Line also looks the part, with faster style lines, larger wheels and red highlights that hint at its performance-oriented nature. For those who value driving qualities and want a car that stands out from the crowd, the i20 N-Line provides an experience that transcends its price tag.

• Engine: 998 cc
• Mileage: 20 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 9.9 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 9.99 - 12.56 lakh (approx.)

6. Maruti Suzuki Fronx

With a time of just 9 seconds, the Maruti Suzuki Fronx is the fastest car on our list, making it a surprising competitor in the speed area. The Fronx's small size and well-tuned suspension help it handle quickly. The vehicle's speed response stands out, with almost no turbo lag and smooth power delivery, making driving in cities a breeze while still giving you enough power to pass on the highway.

• Engine: 1197 cc
• Mileage: 22.89 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 9 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 7.52 - 13.04 lakh (approx.)

7. Tata Nexon

The Nexon focuses on safety alongside speed. With a 5-star Global NCAP safety grade, it offers a unique style and powerful road appearance that appeal to those who want their car to stand out. With its speed, safety, and distinctive style, the Nexon offers an appealing deal for an exceptional price.

• Engine: 1497 cc
• Mileage: 23.23 kmpl
• 0-100 kmph: 11 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 8 - 15.60 lakh (approx.)

Conclusion

In a market where value for money is important, these fastest car under 10 lakhs show that speed and driving fun don't have to come with a high price tag. When buying one of these performance-oriented cars, it's crucial to consider suitable insurance coverage. While third party car insurance is required by law in India, it only covers losses to other vehicles and people in case of an accident. Comprehensive car insurance is highly recommended to protect against theft, natural disasters and accidental damage to your car. Many insurers also offer add-on plans, such as engine security and zero depreciation, which can be particularly valuable for these cars.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

In India's ever-evolving world of luxury cars, high-performance sedans represent the perfect balance of usefulness and adrenaline-inducing speed. As we travel through 2025, the choices for driving fans wanting four-door thrills have never been more exciting. Let's dive deep into some of the most powerful sedan in India, discovering what makes these technical marvels special beyond their amazing specs.

List of fastest sedan in India

Here's the list of the fastest sedan cars in India:

1. Mercedes-Benz AMG GT 63 S E Performance

The top of Mercedes-AMG's car range, the GT 63 S E Performance, is dressed as a sedan that uses Formula 1 technology with its complex hybrid engine. What truly defines this beast is its amazing power output. Inside, Mercedes hasn't traded luxury for speed. The saloon features hand-stitched Nappa leather, carbon fibre details, and the latest MBUX entertainment system with virtual reality guidance.

• Engine: 3982 cc, Plug-in Hybrid
• Top Speed: 316 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 2.9 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 3.34 Crore (approx.)

2. BMW M5

The latest BMW M5 continues its reputation as a classic sports car, now accepting hybrid technology without losing its performance roots. The 2025 model marks a major change with its plug-in hybrid system, which provides amazing power while providing a limited all-electric range for urban travel. The interior of the M5 strikes an excellent mix of sporty purpose and plush accommodations. The latest version of BMW's iDrive system boasts motion control and virtual reality screens.

• Engine: 4395 cc, Plug-in Hybrid
• Top Speed: 305 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 3.5 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 1.99 Crore (approx.)

3. Porsche Panamera

The Panamera has always struggled to combine Porsche's sports car DNA into a bigger, four-door package. The latest generation succeeds wonderfully, giving operating skills that defy its size and weight. The touch-sensitive centre panel houses settings for the different driving systems without confusing the driver with buttons. The back seats offer real comfort for adult riders, making this a four-person grand tourer.

• Engine: 2897 cc - 3996 cc
• Top Speed: 310 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 3.8 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 1.70 - 2.34 Crore (approx.)

4. Maserati Ghibli

The Maserati Ghibli brings Italian flair and feeling to the high-performance car market. With its Ferrari-built engine making a unique, spine-tingling exhaust note, the Ghibli provides speed with theatrical Italian drama. Inside, the Ghibli displays Italian expertise with hand-stitched natural leather and real carbon fibre or wood trim. The sound system offers a concert-hall quality sound that matches the powerful engine note.

• Engine: 1999 cc - 3799 cc
• Top Speed: 255 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 4.3 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 1.15 - 1.93 Crore (approx.)

5. Bentley Flying Spur

The Bentley Flying Spur redefines the idea of a luxury performance car by valuing elegance alongside rapid speed. What separates the Flying Spur is its skill. Each car requires over 100 hours of detailed work by Bentley's workers. The Flying Spur's Bentley spinning Display—a three-sided spinning dashboard element showing the tablet, analogue numbers, or a clean wood surface based on the driver's taste.

• Engine: 2998 cc - 5950 cc
• Top Speed: 285 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 3.5 seconds
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 5.25 - 7.60 Crore (approx.)

6. Porsche Taycan

The Taycan reflects Porsche's vision for performance in the electric age, providing power that tests physics. Unlike many EVs, the Taycan was intended as a speed car from the ground up. The Taycan's interior welcomes simplicity with its bent digital display and touch-sensitive settings. The extra passenger display allows the co-driver to change navigating and leisure settings without distracting the driver.

• Top Speed: 250 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 2.7 seconds
• Battery Capacity: 93.4 kWh
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 1.67 - 2.53 Crore (approx.)

7. Audi e-tron GT RS

The e-tron GT RS, with its sleek style and amazing capabilities, displays Audi's approach to electric racing. Inside, the e-tron GT features sustainable materials, including recycled plastics and fake leather choices, showing that luxury doesn't have to come at an environmental cost. The flat-bottom steering wheel and driver-focused cabin keep the sporty purpose despite the quiet engine.

• Top Speed: 200 kmph
• 0-100 kmph: 2.8 seconds
• Battery Capacity: 93 kWh
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 1.95 Crore (approx.)

Conclusion

As we look at these fastest sedan in India, it's clear that the high-performance car market in India is having a rebirth in 2025. Four wheeler insurance becomes critical to financial safety when engaging in such high-performance cars. While third party car insurance is required by law in India, owners should strongly consider complete coverage. Comprehensive car insurance protects against theft, fire, natural disasters, and unexpected damage.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

India's luxury car market is still growing in terms of high-quality cars, with well-known brands selling their top models to picky buyers. The choices are limited and thrilling for people who can afford to buy masterpiece cars under 5 crore. Let's look at some of the best luxury car under 5 crore that are the pinnacle of luxury, engineering, and style.

List of best cars under 5 crore

Here's the list of best cars under 5 crore:

1. Bentley Bentayga

The Bentley Bentayga is a great example of British craftsmanship, with its strong presence and careful attention to detail. Its interior sets it apart. It's a sanctuary where handcrafted materials meet cutting-edge technology. Each cabin is decorated with hand-stitched leather, metal accents, and veneers from sustainable sources.

• Engine: 3956 cc
• Top Speed: 290 kmph
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 5 - 6.75 Crore (approx.)

2. Lamborghini Huracan Sterrato

The Huracan Sterrato represents Lamborghini's boldest innovation—a supercar engineered for off-road adventures. Distinguished by its raised suspension, reinforced underbody, and distinctive body cladding, this Italian masterpiece defies conventional supercar limitations. Inside, the cockpit retains Lamborghini's driver-focused layout while incorporating specialised telemetry displays for off-road driving data.

• Engine: 5204 cc
• Top Speed: 260 kmph
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 4.61 Crore (approx.)

3. Aston Martin DB12

The DB12 continues Aston Martin's legacy of creating vehicles that balance breathtaking performance with grand touring comfort. What separates the DB12 from its predecessors is its thoroughly modernised electronic architecture, supporting a responsive infotainment system and driver assistance features. The meticulously crafted interior showcases Bridge of Weir leather and bespoke trim options that reflect each owner's aesthetic.

• Engine: 3982 cc
• Top Speed: 325 kmph
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 4.59 Crore (approx.)

4. Mclaren GT

The McLaren GT challenges grand touring conventions with its mid-engine layout and carbon fibre construction. The cabin demonstrates McLaren's evolution toward greater refinement, featuring high-quality leather and an advanced infotainment system. The GT delivers the engaging handling McLaren has known for a while, introducing a more compliant ride quality.

• Engine: 3994 cc
• Top Speed: 326 kmph
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 4.50 Crore (approx.)

5. Mercedes-Benz Maybach SL 680

The Maybach SL 680 represents Mercedes-Benz's vision of ultimate open-top luxury motoring. Its approach to comfort and exclusivity distinguishes this convertible from other roadsters. The interior features special Maybach upholstery patterns and neck-level heating for comfortable top-down motoring even in cooler weather. Its sophisticated air suspension provides precision handling.

• Engine: 3982 cc
• Top Speed: 260 kmph
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 4.20 Crore (approx.)

6. Lamborghini Urus

The Urus successfully translates Lamborghini's supercar DNA into SUV form without diluting the brand's emotional appeal. The interior combines Lamborghini's distinctive hexagonal design language with practical amenities required for everyday usability. The Urus reigns as one of the fastest production SUVs while maintaining genuine off-road capability through its specialised drive modes and adjustable ride height.

• Engine: 3999 cc
• Top Speed: 305 kmph
• Ex-showroom Price: ₹ 4.18 - 4.57 Crore (approx.)

FAQs

1. Are these expensive cars available for quick buy in India?

Most of these cars are offered through official shops in big urban places like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore. However, many high-end luxury cars are built to order with customization choices, which may require a waiting time of 3-6 months based on specs and current demand.

2. What kind of after-sales help can I expect with these expensive cars?

All these expensive names offer specialised repair centres in big Indian cities with factory-trained techs. Many provide door-to-door service pickup and delivery, loaner cars during repair times, and 24/7 roadside help programs.

3. What type of insurance coverage is suggested for these expensive vehicles?

Zero depreciation (bumper-to-bumper) coverage is highly suggested for these expensive cars. Many insurers offer speciality high-net-worth individual (HNWI) plans specially built for costly vehicles.

4. Can these cars handle Indian road conditions?

Yes, with proper care. Modern luxury cars offer changeable suspension systems and ground clearance settings. SUVs like the Bentley Bentayga and Lamborghini Urus are particularly well-suited to various road conditions.

Conclusion

Choosing among these best car under 5 crore eventually depends on your personal goals. Regardless of which vehicle catches your mind, each represents an amazing feat in the automotive industry. When investing in these automobiles, getting comprehensive car insurance becomes a critical safety for your asset. Four wheeler insurance policies offer coverage in the event of theft and accident damage. Given these vehicles' substantial investment, securing insurance ensures proper protection.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Parking spaces are an essential component of urban infrastructure, yet many property owners and developers are unclear about the parking spaces dimensions and regulations that govern them. Whether planning a residential complex or commercial establishment or simply curious about the rules, understanding these standards is crucial for compliance and efficient space utilisation.

Parking space regulations by the Government of India

The Development Code by the Government of India provides comprehensive guidelines for parking lot dimensions. These regulations are typically incorporated into local building bylaws and development plans to ensure consistency in implementation.

The car parking space dimensions are specified in Equivalent Car Spaces (ECS) per 100 sq m. of floor area. Different zones and activities have various sizes of parking spaces. These are:

Residential Areas

• Group Housing, Plotted Housing (plots above 250 sq.m.), and mixed-use: 0.50 - 1.50 ECS per 100 sq m.

Commercial Areas

• Wholesale Trade and Freight Complex (including parking for loading and unloading): 1.50 - 2.50 ECS per 100 sq m.
• City centre, district centre, hotel, cinema and others: 1.00 - 2.00 ECS per 100 sq m.
• Community centre, local shopping centre, convenience shopping centre: 0.50 - 1.50 ECS per 100 sq m.

Public and Semi-Public Facilities

• Nursing homes, hospitals (other than government), social, cultural and other institutions, government and semi-government offices: 0.50 - 1.50 ECS per 100 sq m.
• Schools, colleges, universities and government hospitals: 0.25 - 0.75 ECS per 100 sq m.

Industrial Areas

• Light and service industries, flatted group industries, and extensive industries: 0.50 - 1.00 ECS per 100 sq m.

Standard Dimensions for Parallel Parking

Parallel parking spots are generally built to handle cars parked alongside edges or walls.

The normal measurements for parallel parking usually include the following:

• Length: 22 feet (6.7 meters) to fit most sedan-sized cars
• Width:5 feet (2.6 meters) from the curb
• Maneuvering space: Additional room at the ends of a row of parallel parking spots is often suggested for easy entry and exit

For places with high shift rates, such as business zones, slightly bigger measurements may be suggested to allow faster parking moves and reduce traffic jams.

Standard parking space size

According to the Development Code, the normal car parking size is clearly defined. For the availability of car parking spots, the measurements change based on the type of parking:

• Open parking:0 sq m. per similar car space
• Ground floor covered parking:0 sq m. per similar car space
• Basement parking:0 sq m. per similar car space

These measurements ensure adequate room not just for the car itself but also for safe movement when entering and leaving the parking place. The larger area required for basement parking accounts for the structural elements like pillars and the need for proper ventilation systems.

FAQs

1. Can basement areas used for parking be excluded from FAR calculations?

The Development Code clearly states that basement areas used for parking and services should not be counted in Floor Area Ratio (FAR) calculations.

2. Are there any special provisions for motels and hotels regarding parking?

Yes, for motels, parking space should be provided on a minimum scale of 1.67 ECS per 100 sq m. of floor area, including provisions made in the basement. For hotels, basements up to the building envelope to the maximum extent of the plot area are allowed and excluded from FAR if used for parking and services.

3. What are the regulations for parking in hill towns?

The Development Code acknowledges that hill towns have special considerations. While specific parking dimensions remain the same, other development parameters like FAR and ground coverage are often reduced for hill areas compared to plains.

Conclusion

Understanding car parking space size is essential for proper urban planning and development. The regulations outlined provide a framework that balances the need for adequate parking with efficient land use. While understanding parking space dimensions is crucial for urban planning, protecting your vehicle with the right insurance is equally important. Car insurance online offers ease and reasonable rates, allowing you to compare plans from multiple sources. Third party car insurance, the minimum legal requirement in India, offers important coverage against losses to others' vehicles or property. For complete protection, invest in full coverage, which protects against theft, natural disasters, and accidental damage.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

The Indian automobile market has grown interested in hybrid vehicles as customers become more environmentally aware. Hybrid cars offer the perfect mix of regular engines and fully electric vehicles, giving better fuel economy without worrying about range. Let's explore the most affordable hybrid cars available in India.

It's important to note that hybrid cars under 10 lakhs are currently unavailable in India. The vehicles mentioned below are the most affordable hybrid choices in the Indian market, though they exceed the price point. As the automobile market grows, customers can expect upcoming hybrid cars in India under 10 lakhs.

List of best hybrid cars under 10 lakhs in India

Here is a list of the best hybrid cars under 10 lakhs available in the Indian market:

1. Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder

The Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder stands out as one of the most affordable hybrid SUVs in the Indian market. This small SUV blends Toyota's skill in hybrid technology with a dynamic style that appeals to the Indian consumer's evolving taste in SUVs.

What makes the Hyryder particularly attractive is its drive experience. The electric motor provides quick, low-speed torque, making city driving a breeze. At the same time, the gas engine ensures you never face range anxiety on longer trips. The shift between electric and gas power is so smooth that most drivers won't notice when the change happens.

• Engine: 1462 cc - 1490 cc
• Mileage: 39 - 27.97 kmpl
• Variants with hybrid engine: S, G, V (Hybrid)
• Ex-showroom price: 11.14 - 19.99 lakh (approx.)

2. Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara

The Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara marks India's most significant leap into hybrid technology. Developed in partnership with Toyota, the Grand Vitara shares many components with the Hyryder but offers its unique character and Maruti Suzuki's known service network.

The Grand Vitara's hybrid system is particularly well-suited to Indian road conditions. The electric motor handles heavy traffic, lowering pollution and fuel usage during stop-and-go drives. The gas engine offers steady power on roads for passing and maintaining higher speeds.

• Engine: 1462 cc - 1490 cc
• Mileage: 21.11 - 27.97 kmpl
• Variants with hybrid engine: Zeta+, Alpha+
• Ex-showroom price: 11.19 - 20.09 lakh (approx.)

3. Honda City Hybrid

The Honda City has long been a benchmark in the Indian car segment and the hybrid version takes this heritage forward with cutting-edge technology. The City Hybrid offers a different method than the SUV choices above, giving a more standard car experience with the perks of hybrid technology.

The City Hybrid offers a smooth driving experience, with the electric motors providing quick torque for brisk movement. The car is well-insulated, and the hybrid system works quietly, providing a quality drive experience that matches luxury sedans costing much more.

• Engine: 1498 cc
• Mileage: 27.13 kmpl
• Variants with hybrid engine: V, ZX
• Ex-showroom price: 20.75 lakh (approx.)

FAQs

1. Are there any hybrid cars available in India for under 10 lakhs?

Currently, no hybrid cars are available in India under the 10 lakh price point. The cheapest hybrid choices in the Indian market start from around 11 lakhs, such as the Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder and the Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara.

2. How fuel-efficient are hybrid cars compared to standard petrol/diesel cars?

Hybrid cars are significantly more fuel-efficient than standard petrol/diesel vehicles. For example, the hybrid car listed above has a mileage of 27 kmpl.

3. What are the main benefits of getting a hybrid car in India?

The main benefits include better fuel economy, lower pollution and reduced running costs. They also offer a smooth driving experience, especially in city traffic and less dependence on fossil fuels without the range anxiety of fully electric cars.

4. Do hybrid cars require special maintenance?

Hybrid cars have specialised components like the battery system and electric motor that may require specialised repairs.

Conclusion

While no hybrid car under 10 lakh price point is offered in India, the models mentioned above represent the most affordable hybrid choices in the market. Each offers unique benefits based on your preferences and needs.

When driving a hybrid vehicle, it’s essential to follow speed limits, keep up with routine maintenance and ensure you have the necessary documents, including an RC (Registration Certificate), licence and third-party car insurance policy.

Comprehensive car insurance is strongly recommended for hybrid cars due to their specialised components and higher repair costs. These policies provide added protection against theft, natural disasters and accidental damage, offering greater peace of mind.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

FASTag scanners have made long queues at toll gates a thing of the past. Because of these devices, interstate travel has become faster and more convenient. They enable quick and cashless toll payments, reducing traffic congestion at toll plazas. Read this blog to learn how this technology ensures a smooth travel experience.

What is FASTag scanner?

A FASTag scanner is an electronic device that is installed at toll plazas. It uses the RFID system to read the FASTag stickers on windshields. The scanner verifies the details, facilitating cashless toll payments. Car owners can also use FASTag barcode scanner online apps to enhance their toll payment experience.

Role of a FASTag scanner

The FASTag scanner is central in facilitating cashless toll payments using RFID or radio frequency identification technology. As a vehicle equipped with a FASTag sticker passes through the toll gate, it reads the information on the tag to deduct the toll amount from the prepaid wallet or linked bank account.

The scanner is a vital tool, eliminating the need for cash transactions. It sends a signal activating the RFID chip in the FASTag sticker, which transmits its stored data in response. After a successful payment, the toll barrier opens, allowing the vehicle to pass through.

FASTag speeds up toll collection and reduces traffic bottlenecks at toll plazas. However, users may need to pay the toll in cash if the scanner or tag does not function.

Benefits of employing a FASTag scanner

Here are the key advantages of a barcode scanner for FASTag:

• Seamless toll payments: A FASTag scanner enables cashless toll payments by reading the RFID tag and automatically deducting the fee, reducing delays.
• Time efficiency: Toll plazas with FASTag scanners allow vehicles to pass through toll gates without stopping, minimising long queues.
• Fuel savings: Vehicles do not need to stop or significantly slow down, which means they consume less fuel, which leads to cost savings for drivers.
• Digital tracking and transparency: This toll collection system provides detailed transaction records. Users can easily monitor toll expenses through mobile apps.
• Reduced human error and fraud: FASTag scanners also eliminate the chances of human error and fraud. Automated toll collection reduces the risk of incorrect toll charges, cash handling errors and toll operator fraud.

How a FASTag barcode scanner works

Here’s a quick look at how the FASTag barcode scanner works:

• Apart from an embedded RFID chip, the FASTag sticker has a unique identification number linked to the vehicle owner’s prepaid account.
• The FASTag sticker is affixed to the inside of the vehicle’s windshield to ensure direct and clear communication between the FASTag scanner and the sticker.
• The RFID scanners installed at the toll gate detect the FASTag sticker as the vehicle approaches the toll booth.
• The radio signals that the scanner emits are reflected by the RFID chip on the FASTag.
• The scanner reads the unique FASTag ID and forwards it to the central toll plaza system.
• The FASTag system verifies the details with the National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) to ensure the tag's validity.
• The toll amount gets automatically deducted from the linked account if the FASTag is valid and has sufficient balance.
• The vehicle owner receives a confirmation SMS with transaction details, including toll amount and balance.
• The barrier opens automatically after the transaction, allowing the vehicle to pass.
• If the account has insufficient balance, the vehicle is either denied entry or redirected for manual toll payment.
• If the FASTag is damaged or unreadable, the driver must pay manually and replace it if needed.

FAQs

1. How does a FASTag scanner work?

A FASTag scanner uses RFID technology to read the unique FASTag affixed to a vehicle’s windshield.

2. Can I scan my FASTag barcode online?

Some online platforms and mobile apps allow users to scan FASTag barcode online to check their balance, verify tag details, or recharge their accounts. These platforms use a FASTag scanner online to read the barcode printed on the FASTag card or sticker.

3. What should I do if my FASTag is not getting scanned?

If your FASTag isn't detected, check for obstructions like metallic tints, damage or low balance. If the issue persists, contact your provider.

Conclusion

FASTag has made toll payments faster, more efficient and hassle-free. With the additional convenience of online recharges and balance checks, FASTag enhances the overall driving experience.

While FASTag ensures seamless toll payments, having valid four wheeler insurance is equally crucial for financial protection and legal compliance. Comprehensive car insurance covers your vehicle against accidents, theft and natural disasters, ensuring peace of mind.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Cost and fuel efficiency have long driven the Indian automotive industry. Vehicle safety ratings have become crucial when purchasing a car as consumer priorities evolve. A car’s safety depends on its make, design, and the safety features the manufacturer incorporates. The Nissan Magnite safety rating shows the manufacturer’s commitment to global safety regulations.

Nissan Magnite: A brief history

The Nissan Magnite was initially designed as a prestigious flagship SUV for the Datsun brand in Japan. Later, this model was rebranded by Nissan, and introduced with the name Nissan Magnite. This subcompact SUV model was first launched in 2020 in India.

The charismatic design and Magnite car safety rating make it one of the most sought-after subcompact SUVs. A 1.0L turbo engine powers it, and it has a spacious interior. 2024 the company introduced its facelift model with new exterior and interior features. The 4-star Nissan Magnite safety rating for adult occupant protection demonstrates a strong commitment to safety alongside its appealing features. 

Nissan Magnite Global NCAP safety ratings

Global NCAP is an organisation that evaluates a vehicle’s safety by conducting crash tests in various circumstances. It assesses the quality of the car after front and side collision tests. According to the data from Global NCAP on Nissan Magnite NCAP rating, the vehicle achieved a 4-star rating for its adult occupant protection.

Nissan Magnite adult occupant protection rating       

The 4-star Nissan Magnite safety rating for adult occupant protection was based on its frontal impact test conducted in 2022 at a 64 km/ hr speed. The crash test thoroughly assessed the car’s protective features, including the seatbelts and airbags. The crash test results highlight several key factors: 

• Body shell stability: Nissan Magnite’s body shell strength was rated “stable” after the crash test assessment, which showed the vehicle’s ability to withstand further loadings when accidents occur.
• Footwell stability: The structural integrity of the car’s footwell area was rated “stable,” showing the feet and legs of the driver and passengers are protected when accidents occur.
• Good protection to the driver’s neck
• Marginal protection to the driver’s chest and knees
• Good protection to the passenger’s chest and neck

Nissan Magnite child occupant protection rating 

Magnite NCAP rating for its child occupant protection was two stars. This rating was given after evaluating the safety features designed for child protection. During collision tests, it was found that the chest area of a three-year-old child seated in a forward-facing seat was not completely protected.

The highlights of the crash test were:

• Two dummies were used for the assessment, representing 1.5-year-old and 3-year-old children.
• Though the car offered good protection for the 1.5-year-old dummy in the frontal impact test, it was inadequate for the 3-year-old dummy.
• Even though the car has ISOFIX anchorages, an internationally recognised standard for installing child safety seats in vehicles, they were found to be tight, making it difficult to attach child seats.
• The model did not include a rear seat belt reminder, which is a standard feature.

Nissan Magnite safety features list  

Nissan Magnite global NCAP rating was mainly because of its advanced features. Some of the prominent features are:

• Two airbags
• ABS with EBD
• Rear parking sensors
• Electronic stability control (ESC)
• Hydraulic brake assist
• Hill-hold assist
• Vehicle dynamic assist
• Reverse camera
• The tyre pressure monitoring feature
• ISOFIX mounts
• Read parking sensor
• Surround-view camera

FAQs

1. What is the safety rating of Nissan Magnite?

According to Global NCAP data, the safety rating of Nissan Magnite was 4-star for adult occupancy protection and 2-star rating for child occupant protection.

2. How many cameras does the Nissan Magnite have?

The most modern Nissan Magnite model, launched in 2024, has four 360-degree cameras, one in front, one in back, and two on each side.

Conclusion 

Although Nissan Magnite has several safety features for occupants’ protection, vehicle owners must choose custom-made third party car insurance to meet unexpected risks. Investing in a comprehensive four wheeler insurance plan will provide financial protection against mishaps like accidents, damage, or theft. The insurance is an extra safety measure, giving vehicle owners peace of mind.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

With a rising Indian population with higher purchasing capacity, many car buyers seek an ideal car that ticks all the essentials—performance, speed, advanced technology and safety.

A budget of 50 lakhs in the Indian market opens doors to the premium car segment, with highly engineered and powerful cars that define sophistication. You can choose from many cars, from a classic sedan to a performance-focused sporty SUV.

According to Autocar Professional, the Indian luxury car market has seen a 6% rise in 2024. It implies that more people are investing in high-end cars while prioritising affordability and luxury.

The guide below lists some of the top contenders for the fastest car in India under 50 lakhs.

List of fastest cars in India under 50 lakhs

The top 8 fastest car under 50 lakhs in India are listed here. The list features SUVs, sedans, and hatchbacks with a performance focus.

1. Audi Q3

Audi Q3 is a popular compact luxury SUV among people. This is due to its premium features and excellent performance. It has a large turbo petrol engine and a Quattro all-wheel drive system. It has a stylish design, comfortable interiors, and a spacious cabin with many features. It is one of the fastest in this segment and can reach 100 kmph in 7.3 seconds.

2. Mini Cooper 3 Door S

The exterior and interior design of Mini Cooper is unique and compact. It has ABS with EBD, automatic climate control, and multiple drive modes. Speed lovers love it; it can reach 100 kmph in just 6.7 seconds. This high speed makes it an excellent contender among other fastest car under 50 lakhs.

3. Mercedes-Benz A-Class Limousine

A limousine is a compact luxury with stylish design, style and features. It has a premium feel with features like power trunk closing, Panoramic sunroof, multi-contour front seats, ambient LED lighting, etc. It can go 0-100 in 8.2 seconds.

4. Toyota Fortuner Legender

Fortuner Legender offers car lovers a bold, heavy design and high fuel-use efficiency. It can achieve 0 to 100 kmph in 9.85 seconds. It maintains an outstanding balance of mileage and power and emerges as a top contender. Some of its diverse features include seven airbags for dedicated passenger protection, vehicle stability control, hill start assist, MID integration and dedicated ISOFIX child seat anchors.

5. BMW X1

BMW X1 is among the fastest cars under 50 lakhs. It is perfect for people who love sporty car designs. The turbocharged engines, perfect chassis tuning and 312 horsepower make it a great choice for people who want to experience the luxury of the BMW. It can achieve 0 to 100 mph in 8.28 seconds.

6. MG Gloster

MG Gloster is perfect for long-distance trips. Its comprehensive safety systems and standout features, like the 2-way adjustable massager driver seat, make it efficient and safe. Powered by a twin-turbo diesel, it can reach 0 to 100 mph in 12.43 to 13 seconds.

7. Jeep Meridian

Jeep Meridian is a powerful SUV. There are three rows of seven seats. It has power steering, ABS safety lock and automatic climate control and puts the safety of its customers first. It can accelerate to 100kmph in 10.8 seconds, making it perfect for long trips.

8. Volkswagen Tiguan

A mid-size SUV that takes 8.5 seconds to go 0-100. Its tyre pressure monitoring system, electronic stability control and parking cameras with front and rear sensors give comfort, style and luxury.

Conclusion

These are some of the fastest cars under 50 lakhs that offer a taste of luxury, premium features, and high speed. Each vehicle mentioned above is distinct in terms of the driving experience. You should take a test drive for your favourite choices to find your ideal car that matches your style and budget. Once you select your desired car, choose a desirable car insurance policy or any comprehensive car insurance to protect your vehicle and ensure financial security in the long run.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Designed͏ ͏to streamline toll payments an͏͏d͏ minimise congestion͏,͏ FASTag ͏is ͏integral͏ the modern ͏driving͏͏ ͏experience. However, encountering a blacklist in FASTag status can present considerable challenges for motorists. Understanding the underlying reason and the necessary steps to resolve it is essential for maintaining smooth and uninterrupted travel.

Why does a FASTag get blacklisted

Common FASTag blacklisted reason include low balance, expired KYC, repeated chargeback disputes or violations flagged by law enforcement agencies. If blacklisted, the tag becomes inactive, requiring action to restore its functionality.

What is blacklisted FASTag?

A blacklist FASTag refers to a scenario where the tag is rendered inactive, preventing it from facilitating electronic toll payments. This deactivation can stem from various factors.

Reasons behind FASTag getting blacklisted

Several factors can lead to the blacklisting of a FASTag:

• Insufficient balance: If your FASTag showing blacklist, it may be due to insufficient balance to process toll payments, leading to its deactivation.
• KYC non-compliance: Incomplete or outdated KYC documentation can blacklist a FASTag, as regulations require up-to-date user information to prevent misuse.
• Vehicle-specific blacklisting: Law enforcement agencies may blacklist a vehicle's FASTag due to violations such as non-payment of fines or involvement in legal disputes to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks.
• Technical issues: Occasionally, technical glitches or discrepancies in the FASTag system can lead to inadvertent blacklisting, thus disrupting the seamless functioning of the tag.
• Misuse or fraudulent activities: If a FASTag is suspected to be involved in fraudulent activities or is being misused, the issuing authority may blacklist it to prevent further discrepancies.

How to check whether a FASTag is blacklisted?

Before a long trip, it's wise to perform a FASTag blacklisted check to ensure your tag is active and avoid toll payment issues. Here are the methods to check if a FASTag is blacklisted:

• Issuing bank's portal or mobile application: Most banks and FASTag issuers provide dedicated online platforms and mobile apps where users can log in to monitor their FASTag status, balance and transaction history.
• Customer care services: Contacting the customer support of the issuing bank or agency can provide real-time information regarding the FASTag status. Support agents can offer insights into any issues and guide corrective measures.
• SMS and email notifications: Issuing authorities often send alerts regarding the status of a FASTag. Monitoring these communications regularly can help detect issues early.
• National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) portal: The NHAI offers a platform where vehicle details can be input to check the status of a FASTag. This centralised system provides a comprehensive overview of the tag's functionality.

How to activate a blacklisted FASTag?

The following steps outline the activation process:

• Replenish the balance: If the FASTag is blacklisted due to low funds, promptly adding the required amount can lift the blacklist status. Regular balance checks can prevent such issues.
• Update KYC details: Ensure that KYC information is current and accurate. Submitting the necessary documents to the issuing authority can resolve blacklisting due to non-compliance.
• Resolve legal issues: Law enforcement may request a blacklist in FASTag if the vehicle is involved in violations. Clearing outstanding fines or legal issues promptly can facilitate reactivation.
• Regular monitoring: Regularly checking the account can help detect and address anomalies, preventing future blacklist FASTag status.
• Contact the issuing authority: If the FASTag is blacklisted due to technical issues, contacting customer support can provide tailored guidance for resolution.

FAQs

1. How long does it take to reactivate a backlisted F͏AS͏Ta͏g͏?

The time to reactivate a blacklisted FASTag depends on the reason for the blacklist. If it was due to low balance, recharging usually restores it within a few minutes. For issues like KYC expiry or violations, reactivation may take 24 to 48 hours after updating the required details with the issuing bank.

2. Can a blacklisted FASTag be used for toll payments?

No, the vehicle owner must resolve the reason for blacklisting before it can be used again.

3. Is FASTag mandatory for car insurance?

Yes, as of February 15, 2021, possessing a valid FASTag is mandatory for purchasing car insurance online and third-party car insurance policies. This mandate ensures vehicular ͏͏͏compliance ͏and͏͏ promote digital transactions͏͏.͏

Conclusion

Maintaining͏͏ ͏a͏͏n active FA͏STag is essential ͏for seamless travel ͏on͏ India’s͏ ͏highways. Understanding the reasons behind a FASTag blacklisted status empowers vehicle owners to take proactive measures. Additionally, having an active FASTag is essential for purchasing car insurance online, including third party car insurance. Third party car insurance, which is mandatory in India, covers damages to third-party property, injuries,or fatalities resulting from an accident involving your vehicle. Comprehensive car insurance policies, which are optional but highly recommended, offer extended coverage, including damages to your own vehicle due to accidents, natural disasters, theft or fire.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.  

Did you know how your car smoothly transitions from a stop or shifts gears without a hitch? The key component that facilitates this is the clutch. The clutch connects the engine's power to the drivetrain, enabling smooth transitions and efficient power delivery. Understanding the various types of clutch in the automobile industry enhances your knowledge of vehicle operations and maintenance.

Various types of clutches in car

Clutches are categorised based on their operational characteristics, engagement methods, and applications.

Here is a detailed look at the most common car clutch types:

1. Single plate clutch:

   The single plate clutch is widely used in modern vehicles. It consists of a clutch plate that is coated with a high-friction material. It is located between the engine's flywheel and a pressure plate loaded by a spring. A release mechanism eases the pressure plate away from the clutch disc when the clutch pedal is pressed. This allows the disc to free spin and disengage the engine from the drivetrain for gear shifting. This type of clutch is favoured for its simplicity and effectiveness in transferring engine torque while maintaining smooth driveability.

2. Multi-plate clutch:

   The multi-plate clutch contains several friction discs stacked within a compact unit. It dramatically increases the surface area for friction. The clutch is designed for high-performance vehicles and motorcycles that require robust torque management. This arrangement allows for a much greater transmission of force, which is essential in vehicles with high power outputs. This type of clutch can also be immersed in oil to reduce wear and enhance heat dissipation, making it ideal for racing and heavy-duty applications.

3. Diaphragm clutch:

   The diaphragm clutch modernises the traditional spring mechanism by incorporating a conical spring, which serves as both a spring and pressure plate. This design allows for a reduction in size and a more uniform pressure distribution across the clutch plate. It is particularly beneficial to reduce pedal effort and improve the ease of gear transitions. This clutch is both responsive and durable, which makes it great for high-performance cars where good driving feedback and reliability are important.

4. Cone clutch:

   The cone clutch is used primarily in low-speed applications or where space constraints exist. Its cone-shaped design offers a larger friction surface area when engaged. This type of clutch is good for situations that need precise control. However, its use in modern automobiles is limited due to its tendency to stick when fully engaged.

5. Hydraulic clutch:

   Hydraulic clutches operate by utilising fluid mechanics to transmit pressure from the clutch pedal directly to the clutch mechanism. This system allows for a more smooth and responsive clutch operation as it can be adjusted to suit various driving conditions. Most of its uses are in vehicles requiring exact engagement and disengagement. It also performs well consistently, no matter the load or speed. The hydraulic system minimises the physical effort that is needed to operate the clutch.

6. Electromagnetic clutch:

   This clutch uses an electric current to generate a magnetic field, which engages the clutch. This type of clutch is useful in situations that need continuous fast responses. Its ability to engage and disengage without direct mechanical contact reduces wear and increases the lifespan of the clutch components.

7. Semi-centrifugal clutch:

   The semi-centrifugal clutch combines the features of mechanical and centrifugal activation. This clutch uses springs for engagement at lower speeds. It also has weights that help as engine speeds go up. The semi-centrifugal clutch is made for demanding applications where more power is needed without the driver having to adjust it all the time. The semi-centrifugal clutch effectively bridges the gap between manual control and the need for automatic response under high-load conditions. It combines control and user-friendliness ideally.

8. Freewheel clutch:

   This clutch is also known as an overrunning clutch. It allows the drivetrain to disengage from the engine when the driving shaft rotates faster than the engine speed, such as in downhill driving conditions. Freewheel clutch has benefits such as preventing driveline stress and reducing wear on components. The freewheel clutch is crucial to enable coasting capabilities in vehicles—it allows the wheels to turn freely without engine power, which is essential to reduce fuel use and improve the efficiency of the powertrain of the car.

Conclusion

Understanding each type of clutch used in automatic transmission and selecting the right one is vital for your vehicle’s performance and durability. 

Make sure you are protected against various unforeseen events by securing comprehensive car insurance online.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

Did you know what prevents your car's engine from overheating during long drives or in bumper-to-bumper traffic? It is the radiator. The radiator is an important part of a car’s cooling system and manages overheating by dissipating the engine-generated heat. It functions as a heat exchanger, where the hot coolant absorbs engine heat and then passes through a network of fins and tubes. Air moving over the fins cools the coolant, thereby maintaining the engine at a safe operating temperature. Good cooling is important to keep engine temperatures at the right level. It can help avoid problems like engine failures and blown head gaskets, which can be expensive to fix.

Let us learn more about the types of radiators in automobile applications.

What are the different types of car radiators?

The radiators come in unique forms and are made for different driving situations.

Here are the different types of car radiators:

1. Classification by material

Material choices in car radiators significantly impact their efficiency, cost, and suitability for various vehicles. Each material offers different benefits suited for multiple driving needs and types of engines. Let us understand the classification better: 

•   Copper-brass radiators: Copper-brass radiators are the traditional choice in automotive cooling systems. These radiators are known to be strong and good at transferring heat, but they are usually heavier and cost more. They work very well in vehicles that need to release a lot of heat. This includes older cars and high-performance models. However, manufacturers are gradually shifting towards lighter and more economical materials.
•   Aluminium radiators: Aluminium radiators are the most prevalent type of radiator in modern vehicles. They offer a lighter and less costly alternative to copper-brass radiators. While they may not be as efficient in heat transfer as their copper-brass counterparts, modern designs of aluminium radiators are highly effective at cooling engines, making them a popular option in many cars today.
•   Plastic and aluminium radiators: These radiators combine an aluminium core with plastic tanks. They are among the lightest and least expensive options available. Although generally less durable than all-metal radiators, plastic radiators provide adequate cooling for moderate climates and less demanding driving conditions. Plastic radiators are primarily found in small, low-powered engines where advanced cooling capacity is less critical.

2. By coolant flow design

Coolant flow design in radiators is a key determinant of how effectively a vehicle manages engine heat. From traditional downflow systems to efficient crossflow configurations and advanced dual-pass designs, each coolant flow pattern is engineered to meet specific cooling demands and vehicle performance criteria. The different radiator types based on coolant flow design include:

•   Downflow radiators: In downflow radiators, coolant enters from the top and flows vertically downward through the tubes while air passes horizontally through the fins. This traditional design is typically found in older vehicles. It offers simplicity but tends to be less efficient than more contemporary designs due to less optimal airflow and cooling dynamics. As a result, downflow radiators are becoming less common in new vehicle models.
•   Crossflow radiators: Crossflow radiators feature a design where the coolant moves horizontally across the tubes as air flows vertically through the fins. This configuration allows for better contact between the coolant and air, leading to more efficient heat dissipation. Crossflow radiators are favoured in high-performance and modern vehicles because of their enhanced cooling efficiency and even temperature distribution.
•   Dual-pass radiators: Building on the crossflow design, dual-pass radiators allow the coolant to traverse the radiator core twice. This double passage significantly increases cooling efficiency, making these radiators ideal for automobiles that require intense thermal management, such as racing cars and heavy-duty vehicles. However, the increased complexity of this design can add to maintenance considerations.

3. By coolant type

Different coolant types in radiators are also crucial in how vehicles manage internal heat and maintain optimal engine performance. Let us take a closer look at these types of car radiators:

•   Traditional liquid-coolant radiators: These are the most common type of radiator found in vehicles, and they utilise a mixture of water and antifreeze to transfer heat away from the engine. They are available in various materials and flow designs, such as copper-brass, aluminium, plastic, downflow, crossflow, and dual-pass. This makes them versatile for a wide range of environments and vehicle specifications.
•   Electric radiators: Unlike traditional radiators, electric radiators are used primarily in electric vehicles to manage the heat generated by the battery pack or electric motor. These radiators are part of a coolant loop that transfers heat from the electrical components to a heat exchanger. This effectively cools the electric drivetrain without dealing with combustion engine heat.
•   Oil coolers: These specialised radiators regulate the temperature of engine oil, automatic transmission fluid, and other high-temperature lubricants during operation. They can use either engine coolant or air as the cooling medium. These coolers are essential for maintaining vehicle performance under heavy-duty or high-stress conditions. Depending on the design requirements, oil coolers can be placed in different parts of the car to improve cooling performance.

Conclusion

Selecting and maintaining the right radiator is essential for engine health and the long-term performance of your vehicle.

Also, arranging comprehensive car insurance online offers wider coverage during accidents, damages or theft involving your vehicle.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

Brake discs are an important part of a car’s braking system. Also known as rotors, they are attached to the hub of a wheel. They work with brake pads to slow down or stop the vehicle by creating friction. There are different types of brake discs, each designed for the braking system's safety, performance, and durability. Understanding the types of brake discs and how their design works can help make the right choice for vehicles.

Various types of brake discs for cars

Below are the most common types of brake discs used in cars:

1.     Solid brake discs

Solid brake discs, also known as non-vented discs, are made from a single piece of metal and have a smooth, flat surface.

Features:

• Simple and cost-effective design
• Made from cast iron or steel
• Smooth, flat surface without any ventilation

Advantages:

• Affordable and widely available
• Easy to manufacture and replace
• Suitable for light vehicles and city driving

Disadvantages:

• Can overheat quickly under heavy braking
• Less efficient at dissipating heat
• Not suitable for high-performance driving or heavy vehicles

2.     Vented brake discs

An improved version of solid discs, vented brake discs consist of two layers with internal vanes or channels that allow air to flow between them. This design helps in cooling the discs and prevents excessive heat buildup.

Features:

• Two-layer design with air gaps between them
• Found in most modern vehicles
• Better cooling efficiency than solid discs

Advantages:

• Reduces overheating
• Longer lifespan than solid discs
• Better suited for heavier vehicles and high-speed driving

Disadvantages:

• More expensive than solid discs
• Slightly heavier than solid discs
• It can still wear out under extreme conditions

3.     Drilled brake discs

Drilled brake discs have holes drilled into them to improve performance. These holes help reduce weight and allow heat, gas, and water to escape, improving braking efficiency.

Features:

• Multiple holes across the surface of the disc
• Designed particularly for better heat dissipation and water removal
• Common in performance and sports cars

Advantages:

• Lighter in weight, reducing strain on the suspension
• Better performance in wet conditions
• Improved heat dissipation

Disadvantages:

• Can develop cracks due to repeated heating and cooling
• More expensive than solid and vented discs
• It is not ideal for heavy-braking applications

4.     Slotted brake discs

Slotted brake discs feature small grooves or slots on the surface to remove dirt, water, and debris from the brake pads, ensuring better contact and stopping power.

Features:

• Grooves or slots cut into the disc surface
• Designed for better grip and braking efficiency
• Commonly used in performance and racing cars

Advantages:

• It provides better braking performance
• Prevents gas buildup between the pad and disc
• Suitable for aggressive driving and high-performance vehicles

Disadvantages:

• It can cause faster brake pad wear
• Noisy compared to smooth brake discs
• More expensive than basic brake discs

5.     Drilled and slotted brake discs

Drilled and slotted brake discs combine the features of both types. They have drilled holes and slots to improve cooling, grip, and water dispersion.

Features:

• Combination of drilled holes and slots
• Designed for improved braking performance
• Suitable for high-performance and racing cars

Advantages:

• Improved cooling and better grip
• Good for high-speed driving and heavy braking
• Suitable for wet conditions

Disadvantages:

• Expensive compared to other types
• Can wear out brake pads faster
• May develop cracks over time

6.     Carbon ceramic brake discs

Carbon ceramic brake discs are high-end brakes made from carbon fibre and ceramic materials. They are lightweight, very durable, and resistant to heat.

Features:

• Made from carbon fibre and ceramic
• Lightweight yet extremely strong
• Found in sports cars and luxury vehicles

Advantages:

• Excellent heat resistance, reducing brake fade
• Long lifespan and durability
• Lightweight, improving fuel efficiency and handling

Disadvantages:

• Extremely expensive
• Not necessary for regular cars
• Requires special brake pads for compatibility

7.     Wave brake discs

Wave brake discs, also known as petal rotors, have a unique wavy-edge design that helps reduce weight and improve cooling.

Features:

• Wavy outer edge design
• Designed for weight reduction and heat dissipation
• Mostly used in high-performance vehicles and motorcycles

Advantages:

• Lighter than traditional brake discs
• Improved cooling and braking efficiency
• Stylish appearance

Disadvantages:

• Not widely used in standard cars
• More expensive than regular brake discs
• Limited availability for certain vehicle models

Conclusion

The choice of brake disc depends on the vehicle type, driving conditions, and budget. Understanding the differences between these brake discs ensures better safety and vehicle performance. Regular maintenance and timely replacement of any damaged parts are essential for a safe and efficient braking system.

Along with maintaining your brakes, make it a priority to choose the right car insurance. You can find comprehensive car insurance online that gives financial backup in case of accidents, theft, or damage to your vehicle. It also covers third-party liabilities, ensuring you are not burdened with unexpected expenses.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information.

Parking has always been an issue in urban areas, especially with increasing vehicles. As cities grow and space becomes limited, finding solutions to parking problems has become crucial. To address this problem, Automated Parking Systems (APS) are becoming increasingly popular. These systems aim to optimise the available parking space and offer a more efficient and eco-friendly way of parking.

Take a look at the different types of automated parking systems that are available along with their advantages.

Types of automated parking systems

Below are the main types of automated parking system:

1. Vertical lift parking system

One of the most common types of automated parking solution, it uses vertical lifts to transport vehicles from the ground level to available parking spaces on the upper floors.

How it works: A car enters a platform on the ground, and the system lifts the car to an empty parking spot. The vehicle is then parked without any driver involvement.

Advantages:

• Maximises vertical space, allowing for multiple levels of parking in a small area.
• Ideal for urban areas where space is limited.
• Reduces the need for large ramps or driving lanes, maximising parking capacity.

Disadvantages:

• Requires significant energy to move vehicles vertically.
• It can be slower than other types of APS due to the lift process.

2. Rotary parking system

The Rotary parking system uses rotating platforms that move cars from the entrance to the parking area and back to the exit when needed.

How it works: A vehicle enters the parking garage and is placed on a rotating platform. The system rotates the platform, moving the car to an available parking space. When the vehicle is required again, the platform rotates and brings it back to the entrance.

Advantages:

• Simple and efficient for small parking spaces.
• Requires less space than traditional parking garages.

Disadvantages:

• The system's capacity can be limited, especially if the parking area is large and many cars are needed at the same time.
• Not suitable for larger vehicles due to space restrictions.

3. Shuttle-based automated parking system

It uses automated shuttles or conveyors to move vehicles from the entrance to available parking spaces.

How it works: When a vehicle enters the parking garage, the system automatically directs it to a shuttle that carries the car along a track to a parking spot. The shuttle then returns to the entrance to pick up the next vehicle.

Advantages:

• It can park multiple cars quickly and efficiently.
• They are adaptable and designed to serve different layouts.

Disadvantages:

• High initial installation costs due to the advanced technology and infrastructure.
• Requires a significant amount of space for the shuttles to move freely within the parking facility.

4. Pallet-based automated parking system

It is a type of car parking system that uses a pallet or platform to transport cars to their designated parking spots.

How it works: When a car enters the parking system, it is placed on a pallet and moved to a parking space by automated vehicles.

Advantages:

• Suitable for both small and large parking lots.
• It can accommodate a wide variety of vehicle sizes.

Disadvantages:

• Takes more time to park and retrieve vehicles.
• Requires careful maintenance.

5. Horizontal parking system

The horizontal transport system uses automated conveyors or belts to move vehicles from the entrance to available parking spaces on the same floor.

How it works: When a car enters the parking garage, it is placed on a conveyor belt that moves horizontally to the available parking space. The system can move the vehicle to a retrieval position when needed.

Advantages:

• Efficient use of space in narrow areas.
• Provides quick parking and retrieval of cars.

Disadvantages:

• Limited in capacity compared to vertical lift systems.
• The system may be slower in retrieving cars as it requires a direct path to the parking space.

6. Automated underground parking systems

These systems are used to maximise the use of underground spaces by automating the process of parking vehicles.

How it works: The vehicle enters the system, which transports it down into an underground area. Once the car is placed on a platform, it is automatically moved to an available parking space. The vehicle can be retrieved later when needed.

Advantages:

• Efficient use of underground space.
• Reduces the need for visible parking structures.

Disadvantages:

• High construction costs due to complex infrastructure.
• The system may be slow, requiring vertical transportation and underground movement.

Conclusion

Automated parking systems have proven to be a game-changer in how we approach parking in urban areas. However, it's important to note that while these systems are useful, they can incur higher installation costs and require regular maintenance. 

When using an automated parking system, it's also important to consider a car insurance policy. While these systems are generally safe, mishaps can still occur. The right insurance policy will cover damage, repair costs, thefts and accidents. Make sure to check with your insurer if your policy includes assistance for damage that could happen while using APS.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

Brake callipers are an important part of a car's disc braking system. They fit over the front wheel rotor and help slow down the vehicle. When you engage the brake pedal, the calliper applies pressure to metal plates called brake pads, creating friction that slows the wheels.

There are different brake callipers designed for specific vehicles and driving conditions. Some callipers are simple and affordable, while others are advanced and offer better braking performance.

In this blog, we will examine the different brake calliper types found in cars.

Various types of car brake callipers

Below are the different types of brake callipers used in vehicles today:

1.     Floating (sliding) brake callipers

Floating brake or sliding callipers are commonly used in modern vehicles. They are popular in passenger cars due to their affordability and efficiency.

How they work:

• These callipers have a single piston on one side of the brake disc.
• When pressing the brake pedals, hydraulic pressure pushes the piston, forcing one brake pad against the disc.
• As the pad makes contact, the calliper slides along guide pins, pulling the opposite pad towards the disc to create braking force.

Advantages:

• Lightweight and simple design.
• Lower manufacturing costs, making them affordable.
• Effective for everyday driving and light braking needs.

Disadvantages:

• They can wear unevenly over time due to their sliding mechanism.
• Less braking power compared to fixed callipers.
• Susceptible to corrosion, which can cause the calliper to stick.

2.     Fixed brake callipers

Fixed callipers are more advanced than floating callipers. Unlike sliding callipers, they do not move but are bolted in a fixed position over the brake disc.

How they work:

• Fixed callipers have pistons on both sides of the brake disc.
• On pressing the brake pedals, the pistons apply equal pressure on both sides, squeezing the pads against the disc.
• This results in more balanced and effective braking.

Advantages:

• Provides better braking performance.
• More even wear on the brake pads.
• More durable and less likely to fail over time.

Disadvantages:

• More expensive than floating callipers.
• Heavier, which can add extra weight to the vehicle.
• Requires more maintenance and is harder to repair.

3.     Single-piston callipers

Single-piston callipers are the simplest type of brake callipers and are mostly used in small cars.

How they work:

• They have just one piston on one side of the brake disc.
• When the brake is applied, the piston pushes one brake pad against the disc while the calliper slides to pull the opposite pad into contact.

Advantages:

• Affordable and easy to maintain.
• Lightweight, making them efficient for fuel economy.
• Suitable for standard road use.

Disadvantages:

• Single-piston callipers provide less braking force compared to multi-piston ones.
• Less effective for high-speed or heavy vehicles.
• More prone to uneven brake pad wear.

4.     Dual-piston callipers

An upgrade from single-piston callipers, dual-piston callipers are commonly found in high-performance cars and larger vehicles.

How they work:

• They contain two pistons that apply equal pressure to the brake pads.
• This results in better braking force and more even pad wear.

Advantages:

• Provides stronger stopping power than single-piston callipers.
• More balanced braking force.
• Better heat dissipation, which minimises the risk of brake fade.

Disadvantages:

• More expensive than single-piston callipers.
• Slightly heavier, which can affect vehicle efficiency.

5.     Multi-piston callipers

Multi-piston callipers are used in high-performance vehicles, sports cars, and heavy-duty trucks that require superior braking power.

How they work:

• These callipers contain four, six, or even more pistons. The multi-piston setup applies pressure evenly across the brake pad, increasing braking efficiency.
• The larger surface area helps better heat dissipation, preventing brake fade during aggressive driving.

Advantages:

• Superior braking power, ideal for high speeds.
• More even wear on the brake pads.
• Reduces heat buildup, improving braking efficiency.

Disadvantages:

• Expensive and complex to install.
• Requires more maintenance.
• Heavier, which can impact fuel economy.

6.     Electromechanical brake callipers

Commonly used in electric and hybrid cars, electromechanical brake callipers use an electric motor instead of hydraulic pressure to apply the brakes. Electronic parking brakes and regenerative braking systems often use these callipers.

How they work:

• An electric motor inside the calliper activates the braking system.
• Instead of hydraulic pressure, these callipers use electric power controlled by an electronic control unit.

Advantages:

• Improves fuel efficiency by reducing drag.
• Can be controlled electronically for advanced braking systems.
• Often used in self-driving and electric cars.

Disadvantages:

• More expensive than traditional hydraulic callipers.
• Requires a reliable electrical system to function.
• Can be difficult to repair.

Conclusion

Brake callipers play a key role in ensuring a vehicle stops safely. Regular maintenance of brake callipers is essential to ensure they work properly and keep you safe on the road.

In addition to maintaining your braking system regularly, you must ensure that you have chosen good car insurance with extra coverage. You can easily select and purchase car insurance online and opt for a policy that covers damages caused by accidents, including brake failures and repair costs.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

The modern car braking system has come a long way. From its original structure as a mere mechanical device to a technologically advanced system, modern brakes have become safer and smoother. These braking systems are designed for effectively stopping or slowing down the vehicle and are available in various types. Each brake type has its own set of features, advantages, and disadvantages. Understanding how these braking systems work is essential to ensure a safe driving experience.

Let’s talk about the most common types of car brakes and how they function.

Various types of braking systems in cars

Most modern vehicles have the following types of braking systems for optimal safety:

1. Hydraulic braking system

The hydraulic braking system is a primary system used in most cars. Its working principle involves the use of brake fluids that help move other components like brake pads or shoes to generate friction against the wheels, effectively slowing down the vehicle.

Hydraulic brakes have a simple mechanism. Once you engage the brake pedal, the brake fluid flows towards the master cylinder to create hydraulic pressure. This pressure pushes the brake fluid to the wheels through the brake lines. This fluid then pushes the friction material against a brake or rotor drum. The friction generated between the components and the wheel’s kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, which slows the vehicle.

2. Mechanical braking system

A mechanical braking system consists of parts that transmit braking force to the brake drum or disc rotor through linkages. It includes a brake pedal, drum or disc brakes, along with linkages such as cylindrical rods, fulcrums, springs, etc.

Due to its inefficiency, the mechanical braking system is now used only in parking or emergency brakes.

3. Anti-lock braking system

Anti-lock brakes (ABS) were developed in the 1950s and became a standard in the early 1990s. Since then,  it has become a critical safety feature in all modern automobiles. The anti-lock braking system uses sensors that adjust the brake pressure so you can get maximum control over your steering. It prevents skidding by stopping the wheels from locking up during hard braking and falls within the hydraulic systems category.

4. Regenerative braking system

The regenerative braking system is commonly used in hybrid and electric vehicles. Here, the electric motor restricts the spinning of the wheel and captures the car’s kinetic energy to recharge the batteries powering the motor. This system starts slowing down the vehicle whenever you press the pedal or merely take your foot off the accelerator. While regenerative brakes perform most of the function, hydraulic brakes are still used for emergency stops.

The common types of brakes:

In addition to different braking systems, there are different brake types in cars. Each of these has separate working mechanisms. 

• Drum brakes

The drum braking system was the first type of in-wheel brake. It consists of a wheel cylinder, a hollow drum, and brake shoes that are attached to the wheel. When you engage the brake pedal, the wheel cylinder pushes the brake shoes against the drum’s inner surface. This creates friction between the two surfaces, causing the wheel to slow down or stop.

• Disc brakes

Disc brake systems are the most common brake types used in modern vehicles. This braking system involves components such as a calliper, rotor, and brake pads. The brake rotor is fitted directly to the wheel and rotates along with it. When you engage the brake pedal, brake fluid is sent to the calliper, which squeezes the brake pads against the rotor. This creates a friction force that slows down the wheel and stops your car.

They are more effective and reliable during emergency stopping situations, manage heat better, are easy to maintain, and have greater braking efficiency on wet roads. 

• Emergency brakes

Also known as parking brakes or hand brakes, emergency brakes are independent of the hydraulic braking system. It acts as a secondary braking system if the main brake stops working.

It works through a manual pedal, lever, or switch. When you engage the hand brake or push the parking brake button, it locks your rear wheel. This prevents any movement, especially when parked on an incline. It also helps preserve the primary braking system by reducing strain on it.

Conclusion

Familiarising yourself with different brake types and their working is important for safety. Regular maintenance of the braking system ensures optimal performance and longevity. Besides maintenance, it is also important to invest in reliable car insurance to protect your vehicle from risks. Look for car insurance online and opt for a policy that provides financial coverage against accident repairs, theft, medical bills and third-party liability.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

The chassis is considered the backbone of a car. It forms the vehicle's main structure, providing a framework to support the other key components, such as the engine, wheels, and body. Without a proper chassis, a car cannot function safely or efficiently.

A chassis is constructed of steel, aluminium, or composite materials. The choice of chassis depends on the car's intended purpose, whether for everyday driving, sports, or off-roading.

In this blog, we will look at the different types of car chassis and how they impact a vehicle's overall design.

Various types of car chassis

Here are the main automobile chassis types, each designed for specific needs in terms of strength, weight, and performance.

1. Ladder chassis

It is one of the oldest and simplest designs. It gets its name because it looks like a ladder, with two long horizontal beams connected by short vertical ones. The basic layout is simple— two side rails that run along the length of the vehicle, with cross members joining them.

Advantages of ladder chassis:

• Easy to repair and modify.
• Strong and durable, and ideal for off-road vehicles.
• It is often used in trucks and SUVs due to its rugged nature.

Its disadvantages are:

• Heavy, which can affect fuel efficiency.
• Not as rigid as other designs, which can affect handling.

2. Monocoque chassis

Also known as "unitary" or "unibody" chassis, this design combines the body and chassis into one single structure. This type of chassis is commonly used in passenger cars and is known for its ability to help reduce vehicle weight.

Advantages of monocoque chassis:

• Lighter than ladder chassis, improving fuel efficiency.
• Integrated structure enhances safety.
• It allows for more aerodynamic car designs.

Its disadvantages are:

• It is harder to repair in case of serious damage.
• The whole structure may need replacement if damaged.

3. Space frame chassis

This design is common in high-performance sports cars and racing vehicles. It is made up of lightweight tubular metal or composite materials arranged in a framework that supports the vehicle's body and components.

Advantages of space frame chassis:

• It is very strong and lightweight, offering better performance.
• It is excellent for high-speed cars because of its high rigidity and precision handling.
• It is good for custom vehicle builds due to flexibility in design.

Its disadvantages are:

• Expensive to manufacture.
• Less practical for everyday cars due to its complexity.

4. Backbone chassis

The backbone chassis is a simple design that consists of a single central spine (or backbone) that runs through the middle of the car. This central structure supports the rest of the car's components, such as the engine and suspension.

Advantages of backbone chassis:

• Simple and cost-effective.
• It provides good rigidity without excessive weight.
• It allows for a compact vehicle design.

Its disadvantages are:

• Limited flexibility in design.
• Not as commonly used in mainstream cars.

5. Unibody or unit body chassis

Also known as the unit body, this design is a combination of the body and chassis into a single structure. Most cars today use this design because of its lightness and strength.

Advantages of unibody chassis:

• Lightweight design.
• Offers more interior space.
• Easier to manufacture.

Its disadvantages are:

• You might need to replace the entire structure in case of significant damage.
• There is less flexibility when it comes to customising the car's frame.

6. Body-on-frame chassis

This design is similar to a ladder chassis but involves the separate construction of the body and the frame. The body is placed on top of the frame and fastened with bolts or welds.

Advantages of body-on-frame chassis:

• It offers flexibility in case of repairs and upgrades.
• It is often used in trucks and off-road vehicles.
• It is easier to design for different car types.

Its disadvantages are:

• Heavier than monocoque designs.
• Not as stable or rigid as the monocoque chassis.

Conclusion

The chassis is a fundamental element of car design, providing the support structure for all its key components. Each type of chassis design— whether the rugged ladder frame or the lightweight monocoque— directly impacts a vehicle's performance, safety, and design.

Besides choosing the right chassis for your car, enhancing its protection is imperative. Invest in a car insurance policy that safeguards you in case of any sudden mishaps. A good policy will provide financial assistance against repair costs, replacement of damaged parts, and liability in case of accidents.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It may contain outdated data and information regarding the Insurance industry and products. It is advised to verify the currency and relevance of the data and information before taking any major steps. ICICI Lombard is not liable for any inaccuracies or consequences resulting from the use of this outdated information. 

Bull bars, also known as nudge bars or grille guards, are metal or plastic bars mounted on the front of cars, typically SUVs and off-road vehicles. They are designed to protect the front bumper, grille, and headlights from damage caused by collisions. If you want to improve your vehicle's safety and performance, bull bars are a great option.

 Let’s examine the different types of bull bars available.

Various Types of Bull Bars in Cars

The grille guards are classified according to the material used, design, and function. Accordingly, there are several types of bull bars.

Classification Based on Materials

• Steel Bull Bars: These are the strongest options. They are like the Superman of bull bars – very strong and provide great security against massive collisions. The biggest drawback is their heavy weight, which can impact your vehicle's handling and performance.
• Aluminium Bull Bars: These offer a great balanced option. They're notably lighter than steel, which means less pressure on your vehicle's chassis and tyres. They also naturally prevent rust, making them ideal for seaside areas or regions with tough weather. However, they come with a higher price tag and require regular care to keep their appearance pristine.
• Plastic Bull Bars: They represent the most affordable choice. They're fully corrosion-resistant and often return to their original shape after small hits. However, they provide the least safety among all materials and are mainly good for urban driving situations where big hits are rare.

Classification Based on Design and Function

• Traditional/Triple Hoop Bull Bars: These heavy-duty bull bars provide the best safety for your vehicle's front end, covering the grille, hood, and headlights. Ideal for countryside and regular off-road driving, they're the most popular choice among serious 4WD fans despite their heavy weight.
• Single Hoop Bull Bars: Single hoop shapes strike a great mix between safety and weight. With one hoop over the grille to protect your radiator, they're popular among regular off-roaders who want good security without extra weight affecting their car.
• Nudge Bars: These are designed primarily for urban use and provide basic protection against minor impacts, such as small strikes or debris. While they are ineffective in major accidents, they are useful for mounting accessories like LED lights and offer sufficient security for city driving.
• Bumper Bars: These are the most basic type of bull bar defence. They offer more security than your vehicle's normal hood. Though not as protective as hooped designs, bumper bars are a good entry-level choice for those seeking minimal front-end security.
• Competition Bars: They are lightweight and easily removable. Manufacturers specifically make them for off-road events. While they perform well in competitive settings, they provide limited security against animal hits or major impacts, making them unsuitable for general countryside driving.
• Baja Bars: Similar to bumper bars but with extra frame support, Baja bars are built with winch compatibility in mind. Originally designed for off-road racing, these specialty bars aren't usually suggested for general road use but shine in specific off-road uses.

Conclusion

When choosing a bull bar, ensure it’s compatible with your vehicle’s safety features, as it may interfere with ADAS, airbags, and crash zones. In India, grille guards have been banned since 2017 under the Motor Vehicles Act due to safety concerns, with penalties for violations. Additionally, installing a bull bar can impact your car insurance—some insurers may require prior notice, adjust premiums, or deny claims if unreported. Always check regulations and consult your insurer before installation.

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