Updated on - 30 Jan 2026
Dehydration happens when the body loses more water than it takes in. It can occur due to illness, very hot weather or intense physical activity. Treating dehydration quickly is important to help the body recover and avoid serious health problems. One of the easiest and most effective ways to manage dehydration is by using an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is trusted worldwide for its ability to restore lost fluids and salts, making it an important tool in basic healthcare.
To get the best results, it is essential to understand how ORS works and how to use it properly. In this guide, you will learn what ORS is, when it should be used and the correct way to prepare it at home.
How does an oral rehydration solution work for dehydration?
Since 1975, WHO and UNICEF have used ORS to treat dehydration caused by diarrhoeal disease. Considered the most effective solution for instant hydration restoration, this rehydration solution is commonly used in regions with limited hydration options.
The three main ingredients: water, electrolytes (salts) and glucose help maximise fluid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. It works through a process involving sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) in the small intestine. This protein facilitates the simultaneous movement of sodium and glucose into intestinal cells, utilising the sodium gradient as a source of energy. When this happens, water naturally follows the sodium, allowing the body to absorb fluids more efficiently.
Glucose helps ensure proper absorption of sodium. Without glucose, this process is less effective. ORS uses this principle by combining both glucose and sodium, which helps the body quickly restore lost fluids and electrolytes. This is why ORS contains both glucose and sodium.
According to research, there has been an increased success rate in treating dehydration with ORS. Since 1980, oral rehydration therapy has reduced diarrhoea-related deaths among children by two-thirds. In 2007, oral rehydration therapy prevented 54 million deaths due to diarrhoea. The WHO and UNICEF recommend a low-osmolarity ORS to ensure safe and efficient recovery from hydration.
Key ingredients and their functions in ORS
Here are the key ingredients of ORS that help restore fluids and electrolytes lost through dehydration:
- Water: Water acts as the base of ORS, replacing fluids lost due to diarrhoea, vomiting or heat, restoring normal hydration.
- Glucose: Provides quick energy and helps the body absorb sodium and water through the small intestine, making rehydration faster and more effective.
- Sodium chloride (salt): Replaces lost sodium, helps retain water in body tissues and maintains proper fluid balance.
- Potassium chloride: Restores potassium lost during dehydration and supports healthy muscle and nerve function.
- Trisodium chloride: Helps correct the body’s acid-base balance, which can become disturbed during severe dehydration.
This balanced mix rehydrates the body more effectively than plain water or sugary drinks.
When to use oral rehydration therapy
The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) recommend ORT as the best treatment for non-severe dehydration. You should use ORT when:
- Suffering from diarrhoea or vomiting. Even if vomiting continues, small, frequent sips can help.
- Heat or exercise causes too much sweating.
- A fever leads to fluid loss through sweating and fast breathing.
- Undergoing treatments for chronic conditions like chemotherapy, which can cause diarrhoea and vomiting.
- Travelling to areas with poor water quality.
Be careful when using ORS for severe dehydration in older adults, as they are more prone to dehydration due to certain medical conditions. Having a health insurance policy in place and regular health checkups can help ensure timely medical care. Opting for a senior citizen health insurance plan provides additional coverage if dehydration results in complications, giving peace of mind and financial protection.
Tips for preparing and consuming ORS safely
ORS balances glucose and salts, allowing the body to absorb water more rapidly. It’s essential to prepare and consume it correctly to ensure its effectiveness and safety.
Start by boiling 1 litre of clean water. Let it cool before use. Then add six teaspoons of sugar. This will help the body absorb salt and water. Mix in half a teaspoon of salt. This replaces lost electrolytes. Stir well until everything dissolves completely. When preparing ORS, always measure ingredients correctly; too much salt or sugar can make dehydration worse.
Always wash your hands, and use clean utensils before preparing the solution. If you want to store the solution made, transfer it to a covered, clean container. Discard any leftover solution after 24 hours.
If available, ready-to-make ORS packets are a reliable choice. Read the ingredients carefully before buying and follow the instructions to prepare it. Avoid sugary drinks, such as soda or juices, as they can exacerbate dehydration.
Conclusion
Dehydration can happen to anybody, from children to the elderly. In such instances, immediate attention is crucial to prevent complications. ORS is a simple and effective way to restore fluids and electrolytes lost due to illness, heat or physical activity. It is recommended to consult a doctor if you experience symptoms of moderate to severe dehydration.
In some cases, dehydration may also be associated with an underlying health issue that requires medical attention. Having a health insurance policy ensures that such medical expenses, including hospital visits or treatments for severe dehydration, are covered without straining your savings. To explore your options, fill out the form on this page, and our experts will reach out to you.
FAQs
1. Can children safely take ORS at home?
Yes, ORS is safe for children with mild dehydration. Give small sips frequently. For severe dehydration, consult a doctor immediately for proper medical care and supervision.
2. Can a senior citizen use ORS?
ORS is generally safe for everyone, but with caution. Seniors with heart or kidney conditions should consult a doctor before using ORS.
3. Can diabetic patients take ORS?
People with diabetes should use low-sugar or medical-grade ORS under a doctor's supervision, as regular ORS contains glucose that may affect blood sugar levels.
4. When to seek medical care in case of dehydration?
You should seek medical care immediately if there are signs of severe dehydration. These include a very dry mouth, sunken eyes or not urinating for several hours. It is also important to get help if the person feels weak, dizzy, confused or is unable to drink fluids. Additionally, a weak pulse or very low blood pressure are warning signs that require urgent medical attention.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.
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