Polio is a viral illness primarily affecting the nervous system, typically the spinal cord and brain stem. Its severe form can result in limb paralysis, respiratory difficulties, and even fatality. Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, has significantly declined globally following widespread vaccination efforts. However, the virus can still spread in regions with low immunisation rates. Individuals most vulnerable to polio are those who have limited access to sanitation facilities, children under the age of 5, or pregnant. Having comprehensive health insurance policy can ensure access to timely medical care and necessary treatments, offering financial protection. Being aware of common symptoms of polio is crucial for timely identification and intervention.
Symptoms of Polio
Polio often does not present itself with noticeable poliomyelitis symptoms in most infected individuals. However, different forms of the disease can manifest with varying degrees of severity.
- Abortive polio, the mildest form, occurs in approximately 5% of poliovirus cases. It resembles flu-like symptoms lasting for 2-3 days and includes
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Sore throat
- Stomach ache
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Nonparalytic polio affects about 1% of those infected. Though it lasts longer than abortive polio, the virus does not cause paralysis. In addition to severe flu-like symptoms, nonparalytic polio may involve other symptoms, including
- Neck pain or stiffness
- Arm or leg aches or stiffness
- Severe headache
A second phase of symptoms of polio can follow, characterised by
- Stiffness of the spine and neck
- Decreased reflexes
- Muscle weakness
- Paralytic polio is the most severe and rare form. It initially resembles nonparalytic polio but progresses to more severe poliomyelitis symptoms. These can include
- Intense pain
- Extreme sensitivity to touch
- Tingling or pricking sensations
- Muscle spasms or twitching
- Muscle weakness leading to paralysis
Paralysis can affect any combination of limbs, with one leg being the most commonly affected, followed by one arm. In severe cases, muscles involved in breathing may become paralysed, resulting in difficulty swallowing and breathing.
- Post-polio syndrome, which typically occurs decades after an initial polio infection, is characterised by the appearance of new symptoms of polio or the worsening of existing problems. Common manifestations include
- Progressive muscle or joint weakness and pain
- Fatigue
- Muscle wasting
- Breathing or swallowing difficulties
- Sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea
- Lower tolerance to cold temperatures
If an individual has had polio previously and experiences new or worsening poliomyelitis symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately for prompt and accurate diagnosis. Since the symptoms of polio can resemble those of other viral diseases that significantly affect the nervous system, a professional evaluation is necessary to determine the appropriate course of action.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.
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