The Plasmodium parasite, which causes a severe sickness, is commonly transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito’s bite. There are over 100 types of Plasmodium parasites that can infect a variety of species, and each type replicates at different rates, changing how quickly the symptoms of malaria escalate and the severity of the disease. Malaria is most frequent in regions with tropical and subtropical climates. The transmission of malaria by Anopheles mosquitoes gets directly linked to specific climatic conditions, including high temperatures and humidity required for their survival and reproduction.
Symptoms of Malaria
In this section of the blog, we will briefly explore the various symptoms of malaria fever of both uncomplicated and severe types of malaria.
Uncomplicated Malaria
In such cases, the signs and symptoms of malaria typically manifest in a cyclic pattern.
- The classic malaria attack, although rarely observed, consists of three stages.
- Firstly, the cold stage occurs, characterised by a sensation of cold and shivering.
- This is followed by the hot stage, where the person experiences fever, headaches, and vomiting. In young children, seizures may occur.
- Finally, the sweating stage sets in, accompanied by profuse sweating, a return to normal body temperature, and a feeling of tiredness.
These symptoms of malaria can be mistaken for influenza, the common cold, or other infections, especially in regions where malaria cases are infrequent.
Physical findings observed during a clinical examination may include
- high fever
- perspiration
- weakness
- enlarged spleen
- mild jaundice
Additional findings might include
- mild anaemia
- decreased blood platelets (thrombocytopenia)
- elevated bilirubin levels,
- increased aminotransferase levels
Severe Malaria
This occurs when the infection gets complicated due to organ failure. It can also occur if there are abnormalities in the blood or one’s metabolism. It is usually considered a medical emergency and requires urgent and aggressive treatment. Some of the key symptoms of malaria fever in such cases include:
1. Cerebral malaria:
This gets characterised by impaired consciousness, coma, abnormal behaviour, seizures, or other neurological abnormalities.
2. Severe anaemia:
The destruction of red blood cells significantly reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
3. Haemoglobinuria:
Haemolysis of red blood cells results in the presence of haemoglobin in the urine.
4. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS):
Inflammation in the lungs restrains oxygen exchange. This can occur even when the parasite count reduces with treatment.
5. Abnormal blood coagulation:
Malaria can disrupt the normal blood clotting process, leading to abnormalities in blood coagulation.
6. Low blood pressure:
Cardiovascular collapse can cause a significant drop in blood pressure.
7. Acute kidney issues:
Impaired kidney function can occur as a complication of severe malaria.
8. Hyperparasitemia:
When malaria parasites infect more than 5% of the red blood cells, it is known as hyperparasitemia.
Early recognition of signs and symptoms of malaria and prompt treatment of severe cases is crucial to prevent complications and fatalities. Antimalarial medications are the mainstay of treatment for both uncomplicated and severe malaria. Hospitalisation and supportive care, including blood transfusions and intravenous fluids, may be required in severe cases.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.
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