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Hypertension is also referred to as elevated blood pressure. It is a persistent condition characterised by increased pressure within the blood vessels. The heart continually pumps blood throughout our bodies via the blood vessels. Blood pressure results from the force of blood pushing against the artery walls as it is propelled by the heart. When blood pressure is elevated, the heart must work harder. By knowing the causes of hypertension, it is easier to get timely medical intervention.

How is Hypertension Caused?

The following are some of the popular factors that may contribute to the causes of hypertension development:

• Smoking
• Excess body weight or obesity
• Insufficient physical activity
• An excessive intake of dietary salt
• Insufficient intake of nutrients like potassium and magnesium
• Overindulgence in alcohol
• Prolonged stress
• Advancing age
• Genetic predisposition
• A family history marked by high blood pressure
• Chronic kidney disease
• Disorders affecting the adrenal and thyroid glands
• Sleep apnea

The much coveted Bariatric surgery for obesity has recently entered the robotics era in the city with Apollo Hospitals. Robot-assisted techniques have been introduced and these are considered as a better option or alternative to laparoscopy. However, these are also thought to be more expensive.

Dr. Rajkumar Palaniappan, consultant, Apollo Hospital, Addressed a press conference recently and stated that the latest robotic surgery offered excellent results as compared to laparoscopy. The basic downside of this project was that it would cost at least `1.75 lakh more as compared to a laparoscopic procedure.

There are numerous benefits of robotic surgery including supreme precision, enhanced ergonomic flexibility of the robotic arm in a body of patient, less amount of blood loss, pain score reaching 4/10 as compared to 6/10 for laparoscopy. Another benefit is that one can expect faster turnaround time for the patient.

Swine flu, caused by the H1N1 virus or Influenza A, is a highly contagious type of influenza that can be potentially life-threatening in extreme cases. It is particularly dangerous for young children and those who are immunocompromised due to other illnesses or age. As with any pandemic, it’s important to understand what the causes are so that appropriate precautions may be taken to reduce infection risk or severity. In this article, we will explore some of the possible causes of swine flu and how you can protect your health during an epidemic.

How is Swine Flu Caused?

Swine flu infects the cell lining the nose, throat and lungs. The virus spreads when a person coughs, sneezes, breathes or talks and releases droplets in the air which get spread when a person inhales the virus and it can also enter the body if a person touches a virus- contaminated surface and then directly touches their own eyes, nose or mouth. Contrary to popular belief, a person cannot catch this type of flu from eating pork. People with the virus are able to spread the virus even before the day when their symptoms appear until about four days after they start. Swine flu is caused by other factors responsible for the spread of the virus which include:

• Age: The cases of Influenza virus tend to have worse outcomes in children under age 2 and people older than age 65.
• Living or working conditions: People who live or work in health-related facilities like hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, dental care and diagnostic centres are more likely to get the flu.
• Weakened immune system: Anyone with a weak immune systems due to cancer treatments, anti-rejection medications, long-term use of steroids, organ transplants, blood cancer or HIV can weaken the immune system which makes a person more prone to catch swine flu and may increase the chances of developing complications.
• Chronic illnesses: Chronic conditions may increase the chances of developing the influenza virus-related flu. Certain conditions include asthma and other lung diseases, diabetes, heart disease, nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders, and problems with the airway and kidney, liver or blood disease.
• Aspirin use under age 19: If people below the age of 19 years are taking long-term aspirin therapy are at risk of developing Reye syndrome when infected with this virus.
• Pregnancy: Pregnant people are more prone to develop swine flu complications, especially in the second and third trimesters because during that time immune system tends to be weak and may increase the risk for the baby after birth.
• Obesity: individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher have a greater chance of acquiring flu complications and another related disease as their metabolism slows down with a gain in weight

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which comprise two tissue masses at the back of the throat. These are oval-shaped pads of tissue on each side that are part of the body’s immune system that helps to filter out bacteria and viruses entering through the mouth and nose. As a result, tonsils become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions like tonsillitis that causes swollen tonsils, presence of white patches on the tonsils, sore throat, trouble with swallowing and tender lymph nodes which may require medical attention. In this article, we’ll explore the possible causes of tonsillitis.

How is Tonsillitis Caused?

The following are the causes of tonsillitis:

• Bacteria: The most common bacteria causing tonsillitis is Streptococcus pyogenes belonging to group A streptococcus which causes strep throat. Other bacteria like Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and other strains of streptococcus bacteria are also reported to cause tonsillitis.
• Virus: A virus damaging the tonsils is one of the major causes of tonsillitis. Various kinds of viruses that cause tonsillitis include adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, cytomegalovirus and the Epstein-Barr virus, and other viruses which attack the tonsils at the back of the throat. It is advised to stay in a clean and dust-free environment to avoid any damage to tonsils, especially children who can easily get affected.
• Age– Children aged 5 to 15 years are more prone to getting affected by this infection because their body is still adapting to immune system changes occurring due to exposure to new viruses and bacteria.
• Exposure to Germs– Constant exposure to germs and bacteria also increases a person’s chances of getting affected by swollen tonsils. So it is advisable to maintain a cleaner and germ-free environment to avoid such infections.

Don't mix up tonsillitis with tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths, the main symptom of which is bad breath. So, what causes tonsil stones? They are formed when materials and debris get stuck in your tonsils and harden. The trapped material can include calcium, food, bacteria, or fungi.

Anemia is a common medical condition affecting millions of people worldwide, and it can have many underlying causes. Anemia results from an insufficient supply of healthy red blood cells which are the cells responsible for transporting oxygen to the body's tissues. People may suffer from mild cases of anemia with few symptoms or more severe cases leading to debilitating fatigue and other serious health problems. In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the most common causes of anemia in order to better understand what can lead to the development of this disorder.

How is Anemia Caused?

There are different types of anemia, which are discussed below:

1. Iron deficiency anemia: The following are some of the causes of iron deficiency anemia, which is one of the most common forms of anemia:

• Pregnancy is one of the common causes of anemia.
• Blood loss stemming from heavy menstrual bleeding, ulcers, cancers, or the regular consumption of pain relievers.

2. Vitamin deficiency anemia: Beyond iron, the body relies on folate and vitamin B-12 for the production of healthy red blood cells. An insufficiency in these nutrients, along with other essential components, results in the insufficient production of red blood cells. This causes vitamin deficiency anemia. The following are some of the vitamin deficiency anemia causes. Some individuals face challenges in absorbing vitamin B-12, a condition that can lead to vitamin deficiency anemia, often referred to as pernicious anemia.

3. Aplastic anemia:

Persistent inflammation stemming from diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, and Crohn's disease can hamper the body's ability to generate an adequate number of red blood cells. This causes the condition called aplastic anemia. This rare and life-threatening form of anemia occurs when the body is unable to create an adequate quantity of new blood cells. Its causes encompass infections, specific medications, autoimmune disorders, and exposure to toxic chemicals.

4. Sickle Cell Anemia: This is an inherited and potentially serious condition. Sickle cell anemia results from an unusual hemoglobin variant that forces red blood cells into a crescent or "sickle" shape. These irregular cells have a shortened lifespan, leading to a persistent shortage of red blood cells.

The typical body temperature for most individuals hovers around 98.6°F (approximately 37°C). If the temperature rises by one degree or more, it's classified as a fever. Fever often indicates your body's battle against bacterial or viral invaders. Viral fevers result from underlying viral illnesses. Viral illnesses generally encompass a range of infections. Infections include the common cold and flu. Many viral infections manifest as a mild fever, but certain ones, like dengue fever, can lead to more severe fevers. By understanding the causes of viral fever you can quickly adopt suitable preventive measures.

How is Viral Fever Caused?

The following are some of the most commonly known causes of viral fever.

• Viruses can be most commonly transmitted through the inhalation of air droplets. These tiny droplets are released into the air when an infected person coughs, talks, or sneezes without properly covering their face. When you inhale these droplets, you become susceptible to infection. This mode of transmission is particularly concerning in crowded or close-contact settings.
• One of the most popular causes of viral fever is through contaminated food items. Viruses can infect foods, causing a high risk to individuals who consume these affected products.
• Certain viruses, including those responsible for diseases like malaria and dengue, can be transmitted through mosquito bites.
• The monsoon season, characterised by stagnant water that fosters mosquito breeding. This often leads to outbreaks of mosquito-borne illnesses.
• It is important to protect yourself from mosquito bites and employ mosquito control measures to prevent the transmission of viruses.
• Viruses such as those causing viral fever, hepatitis B, and HIV can be acquired through the exchange of bodily fluids. This can happen during medical procedures like blood transfusions and accidental needle pricks with infected needles.

Indian students who enroll themselves for studying abroad are also required to avail an on-campus health cover.

The lack of awareness of the availability of student medical insurance plans in India, make many students pay heavy premium for the overseas on-campus health cover. Not only are such insurance plans available at around one-third the price in India, but they are also known to be more comprehensive in coverage.

Student medical insurance plans have been cut out to cover the expenses incurred by students for medical treatments and non-medical contingencies abroad.

Here are 13 benefits that a student medical insurance plan offers:

1. Cashless Hospitalization and In-Patient/Out-Patient Expenses

Expenses incurred to avail medical assistance during sickness or in the event of an accident are covered in the plan. Cost for dental treatment is included. The expenditure can be reimbursed or in case of hospitalization, can be settled in a cashless manner.

2. Relief of Acute Pain for Pre-Existing Diseases

The insurance plan would give financial support to students for relieving of acute pain, through emergency measures, due to any pre-existing medical condition.

3. Mental/Nervous Disorders and Other Special Expenses

Many universities require students to be covered for mental or nervous disorders. The student medical insurance plan not only provides for this, but also covers expenses related to pregnancy, inter-collegiate sport injuries, mammography, cancer screening and childcare benefits.

4. Aid, Treatments and Diagnostic Tests Prescribed by Physician

Medical aids, treatments like radiotherapy or diagnostic tests like x-ray are provided for by the student medical insurance plan.

5. Cost of Transportation to Hospital or Physician

Reimbursement of charges for traveling to the hospital or to the nearest physician is admissible under the plan. The cost of medical care provided before reaching the destination is also provided for.

Traditionally, health insurance penetration has been worryingly low in India. But, the situation is changing rapidly. According to a study conducted by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), the past decade has witnessed a sharp rise in the health insurance.

10 years ago, a dismal 4.8% of households were covered with health insurance. Fast forward to 2014-15, and this number has witnessed a stratospheric jump, surging to 28.7%. The main driver behind this increase is the government, that has rolled out lucrative and affordable schemes for the masses. Additionally, the people are also opting for private health insurance: this is apparent from the data gathered by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).

An interesting observation found in the growth of insurance coverage is that penetration is higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas. In urban India, 28.2% of the households have one member covered by health insurance, whereas in an urban setting this figure drops to 28.2%. Health insurance making inroads into rural India is good news, as it improves various health indicators and improves access to those in need of medical services.

The example of institutional deliveries can be taken to elucidate the benefits that penetration of health insurance coverage has had. Institutional deliveries made up 80% of all deliveries in 2014-15, this is a huge rise from 38.7% in the year 2005-06. Subsequently, the NFHS survey notes that there has been a significant reduction of maternal and child mortality.

With the growing awareness about health insurance and the increasing number of people opting for one, insurance companies are seeing their premium collections go through the roof. Data gained by IRDAI states that, in the year 2015-16 premium collection by insurance companies have registered an annual jump of 21.7% adding up to a mammoth figure of 24,448 crore.

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ICICI Lombard Health Insurance Cashless Network Hospital List in Sangrur, Punjab

Explore ICICI Lombard’s health insurance plans :

• Family Health Insurance
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Monkeypox, a rare viral disease that is found mostly in Central and West African countries, is the latest of human illnesses caused by animal viruses. This virus is related to smallpox, and although it is relatively new to the health community there has been some reported cases as early as the 1970s. With its presence on the rise globally, it’s important to understand what causes monkeypox so we can take appropriate measures against it. In this article, we will talk about some of the main causes of monkeypox and its risk factors, and what you should do if you think you may have come into contact with it.

How is Monkeypox Caused?

One of the main monkeypox causes is direct contact with an infected animal or a person carrying the virus.

The transmission can happen through various means as follows.

1. Direct contact with the bodily fluids, sores, scabs, or respiratory droplets of an infected person. Direct contact can occur through activities like cuddling, kissing, or engaging in sexual activity with the infected person.

2. Contact with materials that have recently been contaminated by the virus, particularly those exposed to skin lesions. Contact includes clothing or bedding that has been in contact with infected lesions.

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