Food allergies are immune system reactions caused by specific food proteins wrongly identified as threats. These reactions vary in severity and can result in symptoms such as rashes, digestive discomfort or breathing difficulties. In several cases, people may experience anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that requires emergency care.
Recognising the types of food allergies, their causes and symptoms is necessary for managing the condition effectively.
What are food allergies?
Food allergy occurs as soon as the immune system reacts abnormally to a food it misidentifies as harmful. This can result in symptoms like swelling, hives or stomach pain. In severe cases, it may cause anaphylaxis, requiring immediate medical attention due to breathing issues or a sharp drop in blood pressure.
Types of food allergies
These are the types of food allergies, each linked to different immune system responses:
- IgE-mediated allergies: Caused by IgE antibodies, leading to immediate reactions to foods like peanuts and tree nuts.
- Oral allergy syndrome: A type of IgE-mediated allergy causing mild, localised reactions in the mouth.
- Non-IgE-mediated allergies: Triggered by other immune mechanisms, including FPIES, eosinophilic esophagitis and food protein-induced proctitis.
What are the most common food allergies?
Identifying common allergens is key to managing food allergy symptoms effectively. The nine most common food allergens are peanuts, tree nuts (such as almonds, walnuts and cashews), milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat and sesame.
What are the symptoms of food allergies?
Symptoms of an allergic reaction to food may appear within minutes to a few hours of consumption. These include hives, rash, mouth itching, facial swelling, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, coughing, wheezing or dizziness.
In severe cases, anaphylaxis may occur, which may lead to narrowed airways, low blood pressure and loss of consciousness, requiring immediate medical attention.
What causes food allergies?
The causes of food allergy involve the immune system wrongly identifying certain food proteins as threats. This triggers a defensive response, releasing chemicals that lead to symptoms such as swelling, hives or breathing difficulty.
In several cases, the reaction can be serious and needs quick medical attention to avoid serious complications.
How are food allergies diagnosed?
Effective allergic reaction to food treatment depends on proper diagnosis. This contains a detailed medical history, physical examination and specific allergy tests such as IgE blood tests or skin prick tests. An elimination diet may also be used under medical surveillance to identify which foods are causing allergic reactions.
How are food allergies treated?
Effective treatment of food allergies involves a combination of preventive and responsive measures. Avoiding known allergens, reading food labels carefully and preventing cross-contamination are essential.
In case of severe reactions like anaphylaxis, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector and seeking immediate medical attention is critical. Mild symptoms can be managed with antihistamines, while steroids may be prescribed for more severe cases.
In some instances, gradual exposure to allergens under strict medical supervision may help reduce sensitivity over time.
Tips for preventing food allergies
To reduce risk and manage signs of food intolerance or allergies:
- Introduce allergenic foods early under medical supervision, especially in high-risk infants.
- Identify and avoid known allergens by reading food labels and ingredient lists.
- Inform restaurant staff about allergies to prevent cross-contact.
- Carry emergency medication, such as epinephrine auto-injectors, if prescribed.
- Wear medical identification if prone to severe reactions.
- Plan meals ahead when eating out or attending events.
- Consult healthcare providers regularly to review prevention and management strategies.
Does health insurance cover food allergies?
Most health insurance plans usually cover treatment for allergies, including medications and hospitalisation in severe cases. However, coverage can vary, so it's important to review your policy carefully to ensure food allergy care is included. Access to treatment may also depend on the specific benefits offered under your individual health insurance plan.
Conclusion
Managing food allergies requires a clear understanding of their causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. With proper medical guidance, individuals can adopt strategies to minimise exposure and respond promptly to allergic reactions.
Regular consultations with healthcare providers support long-term control. Access to appropriate care, including coverage through individual health insurance, can further assist in handling medical costs related to allergy treatment. A structured, informed approach allows for better outcomes in reducing risks associated with food allergies across different age groups and severity levels.
FAQs
-
What are the common symptoms of allergic reaction to food?
Some common symptoms of an allergic reaction to food include hives, swelling and breathing difficulty.
-
Do health insurance plans cover food allergy treatment costs?
Yes, most health insurance plans cover allergic reactions to food treatment and hospitalisation.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.