Positron Emission Tomography or PET scans are commonly used for diagnosing and tracking conditions like cancer, heart problems and brain disorders. India has become a preferred destination for PET scans due to modern diagnostic facilities, experienced specialists and relatively lower prices. Having a clear understanding of the procedure and the costs associated with it makes it easier to evaluate the options. So, let us take a deep dive into the details of PET scans.
What is positron emission tomography (PET)?
A PET scan is an imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer to check the functioning of organs and tissues. It helps detect abnormalities at the cellular level, often before they appear on other scans like CT or MRI. PET is commonly used in oncology, cardiology and neurology.
Types of PET scans?
PET scans differ based on the type of radioactive tracer used and the condition being evaluated. Let us understand the main types of positron emission tomography:
- FDG PET (F18-FDG): It highlights cells with high glucose uptake, which is common in many cancers like lymphoma, brain, lung and colorectal.
- PSMA PET (F18-PSMA): This PET scan is specially designed to detect prostate cancer.
- Cerianna PET (18F-FES): This is used to detect estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer.
- NetSpot PET (Ga 68 Dotatate): This type of PET scan helps locate rare neuroendocrine tumours, which often occur in the pancreas, stomach or lungs.
- PET-CT: It is a combined scan that offers both metabolic and structural information and is commonly used in oncology to stage and monitor cancer more precisely.
- PET-MRI: This one combines PET with MRI for better soft tissue detail.
Uses of PET scans
PET scans are mainly used to detect cancer, evaluate the effectiveness of treatments and determine if the disease has spread. They also help evaluate heart muscle damage and guide decisions for surgeries or other cardiac procedures. In brain imaging, PET scans are useful for diagnosing conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and brain tumours.
PET procedure
While a PET scan is being taken, you will lie on a narrow and padded table that slides into a ring-shaped scanner. The machine resembles a large doughnut. You need to stay very still while the scanner captures images, as any movement can blur the results. The procedure is painless and normally takes around 30-45 minutes. It just depends on the type of PET scan being done.
How do you prepare for a PET scan?
Avoid consuming any food for at least 4-6 hours before the scan, although drinking water is generally allowed. Let the doctor know about any medications, especially insulin or supplements. Inform the doctor in case of pregnancy, breastfeeding, diabetes or claustrophobia.
How is a PET scan performed?
The entire PET scan process, including preparation, scanning and rest time, usually takes 2-3 hours. Before the scan, you’ll be asked to remove any metal items like jewellery or belts and a gown may be provided if needed. You might be asked to empty your bladder, especially for abdominal or pelvic scans.
An IV line will be inserted to inject the radioactive tracer, and in some cases, a quick pre-scan may be performed. After the injection, you’ll rest quietly for 30-60 minutes to allow the tracer to circulate through your body.
If necessary, a urinary catheter may be inserted to drain urine during the scan. You’ll then lie on a flat table that slowly moves through the PET scanner, with the imaging process taking about 20-45 minutes. Once the scan is complete, the IV and any catheter will be removed and you can usually leave shortly after.
Are there any side effects of PET scan?
PET scans are generally safe, and side effects are rare. The level of radiation used is low and usually leaves the body within 24 hours. Allergic reactions to the tracer are not common. They are usually mild. The scan is generally avoided during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless it is necessary. Additional preparation may be required for individuals with diabetes, as their blood sugar levels can affect how the tracer is absorbed.
Role of health insurance while getting a PET scan
Many health insurance plans cover PET scans when prescribed for cancer or as part of hospitalisation. You need to check if your policy includes scan and tracer charges, outpatient diagnostics and follow-up care. You might need prior approval and a valid prescription to submit claims.
Conclusion
A PET scan offers doctors a detailed view of internal body functions, often detecting issues before symptoms appear. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing conditions such as cancer, heart disease and neurological disorders. Given the higher risk of such health concerns with age, having a comprehensive policy, such as senior citizen health insurance, can ease the financial burden of timely diagnosis and treatment.
FAQs
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How does a PET positron emission tomography scan work?
A PET positron emission tomography scan involves a radioactive tracer that highlights how your body’s organs and tissues are working internally.
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What are common uses of PET imaging scan?
The uses of PET imaging include diagnosing tumours, monitoring neurological disorders and evaluating heart health.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.