Introduction
Measles, or rubeola, is a highly contagious viral disease. The virus easily spreads from one person to another through air droplets. Once it is shed from the spit, cough or sneeze of the infected person, the virus can stay in the air for a long period, making it possible to infect others over a long period. The virus enters through the nose or mouth and gets into the epithelial cells of the lungs and pharynx where it multiplies and spreads further. It takes anywhere between 7 and 14 days after exposure to the virus to develop a skin rash and fever. Measles is preventable and treatable with vaccination and proper medical intervention.
Ways to prevent measles
Measles spreads through person-to-person contact as well as via air droplets or through infected surfaces. It is one of the leading causes of death among kids under five years of age. The main symptoms of measles include cough, conjunctivitis and coryza. Although it is a highly contagious disease, we can prevent measles by maintaining proper personal hygiene and sanitation.
The following ways can prevent the spread of measles:
Vaccination -
Vaccination is the best prevention available for the measles virus. Routine vaccination can prevent measles completely. As infants and children are at great risk of infection, the vaccination starts at 12-15 months of age following booster doses at 4-6 years. The vaccines available are:
MMR vaccine -
Given in two doses; first at 12-15 months and second at 4-6 years of age.
- MMRV vaccine – It is also given in two doses and is given to children from 12 months to 12 years of age.
In both cases, it is important to receive all doses. Anyone above 12 years and unsure about vaccination status should receive measles vaccination after consulting the doctor.
Precautionary measures -
Some precautionary measures should be taken, particularly if travelling outside the country or to a place with measles cases. Get vaccinated and avoid direct contact with the infected individuals. Maintaining proper cleanliness is also important, as it helps to reduce the spread of the virus.
Conclusion
Measles is greatly preventable with timely vaccination. Even after infection with the measles virus, most cases are cured with a good prognosis. Nevertheless, malnourished children, immune-compromised individuals and pregnant women show a higher risk of disease burden and death rate too. It is important to eat a healthy diet and drink enough liquid for a faster recovery. Ensuring access to proper vaccination through health insurance coverage is a crucial step in preventing measles and safeguarding against potential outbreaks in communities.