A single overhead camshaft (SOHC) is a particular internal combustion engine (ICE) design wherein one camshaft is located in the cylinder head just above the valves. This camshaft controls intake and exhaust valve operations, enabling more precise valve timing and improved engine efficiency.
This write-up explores SOHC meaning and how this engine type performs its functions.
Single overhead camshaft (SOHC) meaning
There is one camshaft for every bank of cylinders in a SOHC engine. Hence, this means that a straight engine has one camshaft, while a 'V' or flat engine has two camshafts, one apiece for each bank of cylinders. In SOHC engines, each cylinder head has an individual camshaft.
- Camshaft: Positioned in the cylinder head, the single camshaft controls the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves.
- Valves: Each cylinder usually contains at least one intake valve and one exhaust valve. The camshaft lobes press on the valve lifters or rockers to operate the valves.
- Rocker arms or lifters: These components transfer the camshaft's motion to the valves. Some SOHC designs use rocker arms, while others employ lifters (tappets).
- Timing belt/chain: Connects the camshaft to the crankshaft, ensuring synchronised movement. The timing belt or chain maintains the correct timing relationship between the camshaft and crankshaft.
- Cylinder head: Mounted on top of the engine block, the cylinder head houses the camshaft and valves.
Applications and variants
SOHC reciprocating engines are found in automobiles, motorcycles, and production vehicles, and deployed in some industrial applications. They are widely used, given their cost-effectiveness and relatively simple manufacturing process as compared to double overhead camshaft (DOHC) engines. SOHC engines may not be efficient, but they provide reasonable power output for most applications.
Conclusion
It is useful to consider learning what is SOHC engine and how several aspects, such as service and power delivery, relate to this engine type. Further, as two-wheelers are fitted with SOHC engines, securing bike insurance should be mandatory for the well-being of both the rider and the machine.
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