Thrombocytopenia describes a condition with a low platelet count. The thrombocyte numbers can be less than 150,000 cells per microliter of the circulating blood. Thrombocytopenia causes can be some medical condition or natural physiological changes like pregnancy.
Causes of decreasing platelets
Some of the reasons for thrombocytopenia are detailed here:
-
Platelets trapped in the spleen
The spleen holds about one-third of the body's platelets. When the spleen enlarges due to disease, it retains too many platelets than normal. As a result, the number of platelets circulating in the blood decreases.
-
Increased breakdown or destruction of platelets
Certain conditions can cause the usage or destruction of platelets to happen faster than their production. Some of them are:
- Some pregnancy-related conditions- Pregnancy disorders like HELLP syndrome can cause the breakdown of platelets, leading to low count. However, this condition will mostly improve after child delivery.
- Immune system disorders- Autoimmune disorders such as Evans syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus can cause platelet destruction. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the platelets in such conditions.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)—This rare condition mostly affects children. It occurs when the entire body forms small blood clots, utilising many platelets.
- Some drug usage- Drugs such as anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and blood-thinning medicines can cause the immune system to produce antibodies to destroy platelets. Some medicines may also prevent the bone marrow from producing platelets.
- Severe bacterial infections- Some bacteria in the blood can cause platelet destruction.
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome- This rare condition causes the destruction of platelets.
- Chemical toxicity- Exposure to toxic chemicals like pesticides, arsenic, or benzene can impact your platelet level.
-
Low platelet production
Several factors can decrease platelet production in the bone marrow. These include:
- Some types of cancers, such as leukaemia
- Some types of anaemia, like aplastic anaemia
- Viral infections, like HIV or hepatitis C
- Long-term or heavy use of alcohol
- Side effects of radiation therapy or chemotherapy drugs.
Conclusion
Some health conditions lead to the destruction of platelets, while some cause the cells’ usage in the body to happen faster than production. These result in a lower thrombocyte count. If you experience any symptoms of thrombocytopenia, immediately see a healthcare provider for further intervention. Reliable health insurance can help you handle the medical expenses of getting treatment.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your general physician or another certified medical professional for any questions regarding a medical condition. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.