Updated on 23 Dec 2025
Eyes help one see the world around, but sometimes, age or health problems can affect vision. One of the most common eye issues is cataract. Many people in India experience this condition as they grow older, and it can impact daily life.
In this blog, we will discuss what a cataract is, what causes it, and how it can be treated.
What is a cataract?
A cataract is an eye condition where the clear lens inside your eye becomes cloudy. This makes it hard for you to see clearly. It may feel like you are looking through a foggy window. Cataracts can develop slowly, and at first, they might not affect your vision much. However, over time, the condition can make it difficult for you to read, drive or even see people’s faces properly. Cataract is more common in older people, but they can also happen in younger people due to certain health problems or injuries.
What are the types of cataract?
There are a few different types of cataracts:
- Nuclear cataract: Forms in the centre of the lens and is usually linked with ageing.
- Cortical cataract: Starts at the edges of the lens and moves towards the centre, often causing glare and problems seeing at night.
- Posterior subcapsular cataract: Forms at the back of the lens and can cause problems with reading and bright lights.
- Congenital cataract: Some babies are born with cataracts, though this is less common.
Knowing the type of cataract helps the doctor decide the right treatment.
What are the causes of cataract?
The main cause of cataract is ageing. As you gradually get older, the proteins in your eye’s lens can clump together and make it cloudy. Other causes include:
- Long-term exposure to sunlight without eye protection
- Diabetes or other medical conditions
- Eye injuries or previous eye surgery
- Smoking and drinking alcohol
- Family history of cataract
- Sometimes, cataract can also develop after using certain medicines for a long time.
How to treat cataracts?
Your doctor might suggest cataract extraction surgery if it starts getting in the way of everyday activities like reading, driving or watching TV. Here's some info to help you understand the procedure better:
During the eye cataract operation, the doctor removes the clouded lens and replaces it with a new, artificial lens (also called an intraocular lens, or IOL). Cataract surgery is one of the most common and safest surgeries. However, retinal detachment and eye infection are potential risks to consider. Underlying conditions can also increase complications. Mild pain and discomfort are common after surgery. Vision improves quickly, but full recovery takes 4-8 weeks. Your doctor will guide you on appropriate activity levels during recovery.
If you are caring for elderly family members, considering health insurance for parents can help manage medical costs if a cataract is diagnosed and treatment is needed.
Can I prevent cataracts?
You cannot always prevent cataract, especially those caused by ageing. However, you can lower the risk by taking care of your eyes.
- Use sunglasses to shield the eyes from UV rays.
- Eat a good, healthy diet of vegetables, fruits and foods rich in vitamins.
- Control health problems like diabetes.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
- Get regular eye check-ups, especially after the age of 40.
Conclusion
Cataract may start slowly but can eventually make daily life difficult. Taking care of your eyes and having regular check-ups helps you maintain good vision for many years. Just as you take steps to look after your eyes and overall health, it is also wise to stay prepared for unexpected medical costs. Get clear, simple health insurance plan advice by filling out the form on this page and take one more step towards protecting yourself and your loved ones.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a certified medical and/or nutrition professional for any questions. Relying on any information provided in this blog is solely at your own risk, and ICICI Lombard is not responsible for any effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information shared.